镁合金脉冲激光焊接温度场的数值模拟

本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对1．2mm厚度的AZ31镁合金脉冲激光焊接过程进行模拟,通过分别改变激光的脉冲、频率及焊接速度,比较了参数变化对熔池截面形状的影响,确认了该厚度AZ31镁合金板的理想规范参数。研究结果表明：接头熔深随激光脉冲宽度和频率的降低而减小,随焊接速度的减小而增大。激光参数变化对熔池宽度的影响不大。     

镁合金低脉冲激光-气体混合焊的熔池形貌演变和多级调控（英文）

利用基于COMSOL Multiphysics的脉冲激光-气体钨极电弧(GTA)混合焊接新型双热源模型,分析了焊缝沿线选定点的温度分布,研究了激光脉冲参数和电弧电流对熔池形貌的影响。工艺参数对熔池深度的影响由大到小为:激光激励电流电弧电流激光脉冲宽度激光脉冲频率;工艺参数对熔池宽度的影响由大到小为:电弧电流激光脉冲宽度或激光激励电流激光脉冲频率。在此基础上,构建了激光诱导电弧焊接镁合金熔池形貌数据库体系,通过复合热源参数的分级调控,以实现对熔池形貌的精准控制。利用T形焊接熔池来验证熔池形貌的调控效果,结果表明控形的准确度高至95.1%。     

焊接工艺参数对镁合金CO2激光焊焊缝表面成形的影响

探讨了焊接工艺参数包括激光功率、焊接速度、正面和背面的保护气体流量对焊接工艺效果和接头成形的影响.结果表明,对AZ61和AZ31两种镁合金,激光功率的增大,焊缝正面和背面的熔宽都明显增大;而焊接速度的增大,焊缝正面和背面的熔宽明显减小.在同样的工艺参数情况下,AZ61的熔化效率比AZ31更高,获得的焊缝正面和背面熔宽更大.正面的保护气体流量大小对焊缝熔宽的影响较小,而背面保护气体流量对焊缝熔宽基本没有影响,但正面和背面气体流量主要影响到焊缝正反面的保护效果,影响到焊缝的表观.试验结果表明,在适当的工艺参数下,采用CO2激光焊接方法可以较好地实现不同厚度的AZ61和AZ31镁合金的焊接,而且焊缝成形良好,接头的力学性能优良.     

基于田口法的镁合金激光焊接工艺参数研究

利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光焊接机对镁合金进行对缝焊接工艺试验.以缝焊的最大抗拉强度作为评价焊接质量的品质特性,对影响焊接质量的六项关键工艺参数(保护气体、激光功率、工件移动速度、离焦量、脉冲频率和脉冲波形)利用田口法进行优化设计.依据田口法设计了18种工艺参数组合,每组工艺参数进行3次焊接试验.试验结果表明,激光功率和脉冲波形影响最为显著.通过优化工艺参数可使AZ31B镁合金焊缝获得169 N/mm2的最大抗拉强度.     

镁合金低脉冲激光-气体混合焊的熔池形貌演变和多级调控

利用基于COMSOL Multiphysics的脉冲激光-气体钨极电弧（GTA）混合焊接新型双热源模型,分析了焊缝沿线选定点的温度分布,研究了激光脉冲参数和电弧电流对熔池形貌的影响。工艺参数对熔池深度的影响由大到小为：激光激励电流>电弧电流>激光脉冲宽度>激光脉冲频率;工艺参数对熔池宽度的影响由大到小为：电弧电流>激光脉冲宽度或激光激励电流>激光脉冲频率。在此基础上,构建了激光诱导电弧焊接镁合金熔池形貌数据库体系,通过复合热源参数的分级调控,以实现对熔池形貌的精准控制。利用T形焊接熔池来验证熔池形貌的调控效果,结果表明控形的准确度高至95.1%。     

PLC控制的焊接工艺对高强钢焊接性能的影响

以厚度为1 mm的冷轧低碳钢板为研究对象,通过PLC控制脉冲频率和占空比等工艺参数,研究了脉冲激光焊接和连续激光焊接条件下,焊接工艺对焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,低碳冷轧钢板适宜的脉冲频率为50 Hz,占空比为30%;连续激光焊接和脉冲激光焊接熔池深度相当的情况下,连续激光焊接的熔池宽度比脉冲激光焊接要宽。     

铝合金脉冲激光焊Mg元素烧损行为及接头硬度分布

采用Nd:YAG脉冲激光对1mm厚5A05铝合金板进行焊接,结合激光焊物理过程,研究和分析了焊接工艺参数(脉冲能量、脉冲宽度、焊接速度和离焦量)对Mg元素烧损和焊缝熔深的影响,以及焊缝中Mg元素含量的变化和接头的硬度分布.结果表明,Mg元素烧损受熔池搅拌作用的影响,随搅拌作用增强和焊缝熔深的增加,焊缝中Mg元素烧损率减小;受Mg元素含量和冷却速度影响,焊接接头硬度在熔合线附近具有最大值,在焊缝中从表面到熔池底部硬度先减小再增大.     

TA15合金激光焊接熔池形貌及温度场分析

熔池作为所有熔焊工艺的最主要研究对象,其特征决定了最终焊缝成形质量.利用高速摄像系统对焊接过程中的熔池进行实时监测,可获得熔池在任意时刻的热图像.通过对TA15钛合金激光焊接熔池热图像进行分析计算,得到熔池的一系列特征量(主要有熔池宽度和熔池长度),重点分析了激光焊接热输入(单位厚度焊接线能量)与熔池特征量间的关系以及温度场的特点.结果表明,熔池长度和熔池宽度都随焊接热输入的增加而增加,并基本呈线性增长;焊接速度减小时,熔池宽度和熔池长度都随之增大,并且熔池长度增大得更快;激光功率减小时,熔池宽度和熔池长度随之减小.熔池内部温度分布较不均匀,尤其是过热液态区域.     

复合助焊剂对AZ31镁合金TIG焊接头组织与性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用钨极氩弧焊(TIG)方法对AZ31镁合金进行焊接实验,研究新型复合助焊剂对AZ31镁合金焊接接头组织的性能的影响,探索优化镁合金焊接质量的方法和工艺。结果表明:实验所使用的新型助焊剂可通过"电弧收缩"和"表面张力"复合效应来优化焊接热循环;部分助焊剂以原子态进入电弧区域作用于焊接电弧,而熔入熔池的助焊剂则是通过改变熔池表面张力来加大AZ31镁合金焊接熔深,减小熔宽;助焊剂增加熔合区晶粒形核能力,细化该区晶粒,使第二相呈网状分布,提高AZ31镁合金焊接接头的综合力学性能。     

AZ31镁合金激光自熔焊工艺及接头的性能

采用对接激光自熔焊方法焊接4mm厚的AZ31镁合金,通过微观组织分析和力学性能测试研究了激光自熔焊工艺参数对镁合金激光焊接头焊缝成形、组织以及力学性能的影响.试验结果表明:采用试验范围内的工艺参数,可以获得焊缝成形良好、无明显焊接缺陷的接头.焊接速度从3 m/min增大到3.9 m/min,焊缝尺寸和接头抗拉强度变化较...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.