淬火温度对X80管线钢组织影响分析

采用双相区加速冷却法(DPAC),X80管线钢经奥氏体化及缓冷后分别在760、740、720、700、680℃淬火。淬火组织分别经4%硝酸酒精与LePera试剂进行金相腐蚀,分别进行组织定性/定量分析及整体/组织硬度测试。结果表明,不同淬火温度下组织为多边形铁素体+针状铁素体+贝氏体/马氏体复相组织。与硝酸酒精腐蚀的微观结构相比,LePera试剂可清晰显示马氏体/奥氏体组织,但铁素体晶界模糊。随淬火温度下降,铁素体晶粒尺寸与含量增加;针状铁素体逐渐向贝氏体/马氏体复相组织转化;马氏体/奥氏体岛状组织分布上由铁素体/贝氏体两相晶界间向铁素体同相晶界间转变,组织形态上由薄膜状向颗粒状转变。     

无钼热轧双相钢相变和组织的研究

研究了Ｓｉ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｒ型热轧双相钢的相变动力学，发现在ＣＣＴ曲线上存在温度间隔约１００℃的奥氏体亚稳区。随着冷却速率的降低，连续冷却转变后的组织中多边表铁素体量增多，贝氏体量减少，当冷却速度减小到一定程度时组织中出现针状马氏体。     

10Ni5CrMoV钢厚板MIG焊接接头组织研究

用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对10Ni5CrMoV船用钢厚板的MIG焊接接头进行了组织分析和断口分析，用能谱分析仪（EDS）对焊缝及熔合线处的氧化物作了定点谱成分析，根据组织分析和氧化物成分分析结构对针状铁素体的形成及韧化机理进行了探讨，研究结果表明：焊缝组织为针状铁素体 氧化物 少量板条马氏体，熔合线附近组织为板条马氏体针状铁素体 氧化物，粗晶区组织为板条马氏体；焊缝及熔合线附近的氧化物是针状铁素体的形核剂，针状铁素体可以在一个氧化物上实现多维形核，大量的针状铁素体组织是焊缝及熔合线具有很好的低温韧性的重要原因。     

X100管线钢的组织与性能

利用金相显微分析、扫描电镜、透射电镜和先进的EBSD技术,对X100钢级管线钢的组织进行了分析,并和CVN等力学性能相对应,进行了相关性探讨.研究表明,X100钢级管线钢全部为粒状贝氏体组织,其透射组织分析表明粒状贝氏体含量很高,主要存在于铁素体边界;铁三碳存在于铁素体板条;组织以针状铁素体为主,也存在少量条状铁素体,同时位错密度很高;EBSD研究表明,铁三碳呈均匀弥散分布,残余奥氏体含量较大;有效晶粒细化现象突出,预示该品牌X100管线钢拥有较理想的强韧性特征.     

X80钢焊接接头在酸性模拟液中的电化学腐蚀

采用电化学测试、金相显微镜观察,研究了X80管线钢及其焊缝组织在酸性模拟液中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明:X80管线钢母材的显微组织主要为针状铁素体,整体上看母材的组织较为均匀、细小,位向大致呈带状分布.焊缝的显微组织由先共析铁素体、针状铁素体和珠光体组成,焊缝的晶粒大小不均匀,整体上比母材组织粗大.在酸性模拟液中,X8...     

奥氏体化温度对铁素体耐热钢时效过程中微观组织演化的影响

奥氏体化温度对铁素体耐热钢中δ-铁素体的调控具有重要影响。为阐明铁素体耐热钢中δ-铁素体的热稳定性,本文研究了不同奥氏体化温度(1 050℃和1 200℃)对新型铁素体耐热钢650℃时效过程中微观组织演化的影响,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对不同热处理状态下新型铁素体耐热钢的基体组织及第二相颗粒进行了多尺度表征。实验结果表明：随着奥氏体化温度的升高,铁素体耐热钢中δ-铁素体含量增多,δ-铁素体内部有针状MX相形成。在2 000 h时效后,金属间化合物Laves相在原奥氏体晶界、马氏体板条界、δ-铁素体晶界或δ-铁素体内部形核,大尺寸M₂₃C₆碳化物对Laves相形核具有促进作用,Laves相尺寸随奥氏体化温度的升高而增大。奥氏体化温度对时效过程中M₂₃C₆碳化物及MX碳氮化物尺寸变化的影响较小。时效过程中,MX碳氮化物的热稳定性优于M₂₃C₆碳化物及Laves相。     

厚规格多相组织X80管线钢DWTT 分离裂纹研究

研究了厚规格多相组织X80管线钢微观组织与落锤撕裂试样分离裂纹之间的关系,采用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对X80管线钢的微观组织和分离裂纹进行观察.结果表明:X80管线钢微观组织包括粒状贝氏体、多边形铁素体以及准多边形铁素体、贝氏体铁素体、针状铁素体.分离裂纹起始于粒状贝氏体带处;分离裂纹以穿晶断裂方式穿过粒状贝氏体,断裂路径平直,说明粒状贝氏体对分离裂纹扩展阻碍作用较小,而以沿晶断裂方式沿多边形铁素体晶界扩展,方向不断偏折,提高了裂纹扩展功,从而增大钢板的断裂韧性.分离裂纹尖端受细小的马氏体-奥氏体岛钝化作用,扩展受阻出现停滞.多相组织中少量的粒状贝氏体以及适量的多边形铁素体有利于减少分离裂纹的产生.     

700MPa级超低碳高强度贝氏体厚钢板的晶粒细化机制研究

根据超低碳微合金化的成分设计意图,采用控制轧制和控制冷却工艺得到细化的贝氏体组织,利用光学显微镜、FE-SEM和TEM对各类微观组织和析出物进行了研究和分析。结果表明,700MPa级超低碳贝氏体厚钢板为细小均匀的粒状贝氏体和少量针状铁素体与多边形铁素体的复合组织,其屈服强度不小于580MPa,抗拉强度不小于700MPa,低温冲击韧性为-20℃,Akv不小于150J。钢板具有强度高、韧性好和焊接性能良好的特点,其强度和韧性的良好匹配主要是由于在粒状贝氏体相变前形成了少量的针状铁素体分割奥氏体晶粒,从而细化了最终的复合组织。     

X80管线钢热变形过程中再结晶行为及组织细化

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机研究了X80管线钢热轧过程中的再结晶行为及精轧过程中后四道次变形的再结晶特点与室温组织的关系.揭示了X80管线钢动态再结晶临界钢应变量与变形温度的关系,确定了奥氏体再结晶温度区和非再结晶温度区,所得到的技术要点对精轧过程轧制工艺制定细化奥氏体晶粒具有指导性,有助于X80管线钢获得细小均匀的室温组织.     

低铬X70管线钢组织及其抗CO2

为了明确Cr的质量分数高低对埋地用输油输气管线钢性能的影响,设计了4种Cr的质量分数的X70管线钢,研究了不同Cr的质量分数下管线钢组织及其力学性能,并采用高温高压反应釜进行了实验钢的CO₂腐蚀试验.结果表明：钢中加入0.1%~0.8%的Cr后,其组织均由针状铁素体和准多边形铁素体构成,Cr元素均呈现明显的沿晶界分布状态;随着Cr的质量分数的增加,钢板强度随之升高,晶界中Cr分布密度随之增大,Cr（OH）₃在腐蚀产物膜中的富集量增加,促使钢板的平均腐蚀速率降低;同时由于Cr（OH）₃可以有效阻碍阴离子穿透腐蚀产物膜,因而大大减少了Cl-的催化作用导致的点蚀,使得钢板点蚀速率明显降低.     

Effect of deformation and cooling rate on the transformation behavior and microstructure of X70 steels

The effects of the deformation in the non-recrystallization region of austenite and the cooling rate on the transformation behavior and microstructure of low-carbon low-alloy steel for pipeline application were studied on the thermal-mechanical simulator Gleeble-1500. It was shown that an increase in deformation amount can greatly increase the nucleation site of ferrite when deformed in the non-recrystallization region of austenite, and an increase in nucleation ratio can greatly refine grains. When the cooling rate is accelerated, the driving force of nucleation is increased and the nucleation rate also improves. Ultra-refine grains can be obtained by controlled rolling. The high density of ferrite nucleus, which forms along the austenite grain boundary, twin interface, and deforma- tion band are introduced in the matrix of austenite by the control of hot rolling, after which the microstructure can be refined. It was found that the acicular ferrite has a very fine sub-structure, high dislocation density, and a thin slab with ultra-fine grains. Small M/A islands and cementite are precipitated on the matrix of the slabs by the analysis technique of TEM and SEM.     

Effect of inclusions on the formation of acicular ferrite in Ti-bearing non quenched-and-tempered steel

Nucleation of acicular ferrite and its influence factors in non quenched-and-tempered steel was studied by using TEM and thermodynamic calculation. The results show that the complex particles with a center made of Ti oxide, Al2O3, and silicate and an outside made of a small quantity of mixture of TiN and MnS are able to act as ferrite nucleation nuclei. The acicular ferrite percent- age changes little with Ti. When the oxygen content was 80 ppm, the volume percentage of acicular ferrite decreased due to an in- crease in allotriomorphic ferrite. The larger the cooling rate and the shorter the incubation time, the finer the titanium oxide and the higher the nucleation ratio of acicular ferrite.     

Relaxation of Deformed Austenite and Refinement of Bainite in a Nb-Containing Microalloyed Steel

By means of stress relaxation and strain-induced precipitation in deformed austenite, bainite with micron sheaves size was ob-tained in Nb-containing steel. Microstructures of deformed samples isothermally relaxed for various time followed by cooling in water were examined. Stress relaxation test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to detect precipitation of microalloy elements, such as Nb, Ti, during isothermal holding after deformation. All the samples were constituted by lath-like bainite along with acicular ferrite, but the size of bainitic sheaves and the amount of acicular ferrite were changed with relaxation time. To achieve optimum refinement, relaxation should be confined in the stage when the precipitates have sufficiently grown and started to coarsen. The sample having not undergone relaxation does not exhibit obvious refinement despite of its higher dislocation density. These results indicate that relaxation promotes bainite to refine, which is because deformed austenitic grains are divided by dislocation walls formed during rela-xation and acicular ferrite formed before bainitic transformation.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-B bearing low carbon steel plate: Ultrafast cooling <Emphasis Type="Italic">versus</Emphasis> accelerated cooling

The microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon bainite high strength steel plate were studied via different cooling paths at the pilot scale. There was a significant increase in mechanical properties, and notably, the yield strength, tensile strength, and toughness at -40 °C for the tested steel processed by ultra-fast cooling were 126 MPa, 98 MPa and 69 J, respectively, in relation to steel processed by accelerated cooling. The ultra-fast cooling rate not only refined the microstructure, precipitates, and martensiteaustenite (M/A) islands, but also contributed to the refinement of microstructure in thick plates. The large size M/A constituents formed at lower cooling rate experienced stress concentration and were potential sites for crack initiation, which led to deterioration of low-temperature impact toughness. In contrast, the acicular ferrite and lath bainite with high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries were formed in steel processed by ultra-fast cooling, which retarded cleavage crack propagation.     

Effect of zirconium addition on the austenite grain coarsening behavior and mechanical properties of 900 MPa low carbon bainite steel

The ultra-free bainitic microstructure of a 900 MPa low carbon bainitic Cu-Ni-Mo-B steel was obtained by a newly developed relaxation precipitation control (RPC) phase transformation processing.In a pan-cake like prior-anstenite grain,the microstructure consisted of lath bainite,a little of abnormal granular bainite,and acicular ferrite.The effect of zirconium carbonitrides on the austenite grain coarsening behavior was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The results show that,the lath is narrower with increasing cooling rate.The ratio of all kinds of bainitic microstructure is proper with the intermediate cooling rate;and Zr-containing precipitates distribute uniformly,which restrains austenite grain growing in heat-affected welding zone.     

Study on M／A islands in pipeline steel X70

The free structure of M/A islands in pipeline steel X70 has been studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is shown that the M/A islands are about 1-2 μm in size and distribute at the grain boundary of irregular massive ferrite or acicular ferrite in the microstructure of the steel undergoing TMCP (thermo-mechanical controlled processing). The analysis of diffraction contrast shows that the M/A islands consist of retained austenite and some martensite lamellae different in size and orientation. The microtwinning and midrib exist in the lamella of lenticular martensite, which exhibit the typical character of high-carbon martensite. The influences of TMCP parameters on M/A islands have been studied carefully. With the increase of the cooling speed, the amount of M/A islands decrease slightly and the morphology of M/A islands changes to thin dispersive short bars from thick irregular long strips.     

变形工艺对CSP微合金高强度钢组织和性能的影响

在热模拟实验机上进行不同变形温度和冷却速度试验，研究低温区变形温度和冷却工艺对CSP生产线上微合金高强度钢的组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明，变形应在单相奥氏体区内完成，适当降低变形温度有利于得到细小均匀的贝氏体组织；冷却速度对贝氏体组织有明显影响，冷却速度越快，贝氏体组织越细小，强度越高。     

低碳微合金钢微观组织的纳米压痕研究

对低碳微合金钢D40进行热处理和热模拟实验,获得各实验工艺下的试样,经过金相制备,利用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察各试样显微组织。室温条件下,利用纳米压痕仪对试样块状铁素体、针状铁素体和马氏体组织进行微观力学性能分析。结果表明,同一种低碳微合金钢在热处理和热模拟工艺下得到的马氏体和铁素体的平均纳米硬度差别很大,针状铁素体的平均纳米硬度小于马氏体的平均纳米硬度,大于块状铁素体的平均纳米硬度。     

Ce—Ca、Ce—Mg微合金化钢大线能量焊接热影响粗晶区组织与力学性能研究

研究Ce-Ca、Ce-Mg微合金化低合金钢大线能量焊接热影响粗晶区（CGHAZ）的力学性能、组织结构及夹杂物成分与形态。结果表明,Ce-Ca微合金化钢CGHAZ的力学性能优于Ce-Mg微合金化钢CGHAZ的力学性能;Ce-Ca微合金化钢CGHAZ中Ce、Ca的氧硫复合化合物夹杂物主要呈球状,Ce—Mg微合金化钢CGHAZ中Ce、Mg的氧硫复合化合物夹杂物主要呈扁条状;氧硫化物与奥氏体基体之间弹性模量和热膨胀系数差别大;氧硫化物近旁产生应变场是晶内针状铁素体（IAF）形成的主要控制因素。