CaO—SiO2-FeO—Cl体系中Zn、Pb挥发物的热力学研究

应用FaetSage热力学软件对不同温度下的FeO—CaO—SiO2-Cl体系中Zn、Ph挥发行为进行分析,采用气流携带法对FeO—CaO-SiO2-Cl体系中Zn、Pb挥发物的饱和蒸气压进行测定,并通过试验分析了温度对其体系中Zn、Pb挥发率的影响。结果表明,温度为970～1030K条件下FeO-CaO-SiO2-Cl体系中Zn、Pb主要以氯化物形式存在,氯化物的饱和蒸气压均随着温度的升高而增加,且InP～1／T呈较好的线性关系,其体系中Zn、Pb挥发率亦随着温度的升高而增加。     

金属铝在KF-LiF-Na3AlF6-Al2O3体系中的溶解度

用等温饱和法研究了金属铝在KF-LiF-Na3AlF6-Al2O3体系中的溶解过程,实验结果表明：体系温度980℃,分子比（n（NaF）/n（AlF3））=2.3时,溶解度随着钾盐和锂盐含量的增加而增大;钾盐和锂盐质量分数分别为7%时,铝的溶解度（质量分数）分别达到0.148%和0.242%,并且锂盐比钾盐对铝溶解度影响大;钾盐和锂盐共同作用时,铝的溶解度达到0.421%.采用多元回归分析法对铝溶解度与钾盐、锂盐、分子比之间的关系进行研究,得到回归方程为Y=-0.125＋1.962x1＋3.456x2＋0.090x3     

CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-Al2O3渣系对高磷铁水脱磷行为的影响

以w(P)=0.48%的高磷铁水为研究对象,采用高温热态实验研究1 400℃时CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Fe_2O_3渣系的脱磷行为,分析碱度、渣中Fe_2O_3与Al_2O_3含量对CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Fe_2O_3渣系脱磷的影响。结果表明:随着碱度逐渐增大,渣系脱磷率呈先逐渐增大后略有降低的变化趋势,主要是由于自由O~(2-)和Ca~(2+)的引入促进了磷氧络离子PO_4~(3-)及Ca~(2+)-PO_4~(3-)弱离子对的进一步生成;随着Fe_2O_3含量的增加,渣系脱磷率逐渐升高,渣中的Fe_2O_3加速了氧化钙的熔化速度,同时使渣系的氧化性提高,进而使渣系脱磷能力提高;w(Al_2O_3)=1%～3%时,渣系脱磷率维持在77%左右,进一步增大渣中Al_2O_3含量,渣系脱磷率逐渐下降,主要原因在于Al_2O_3改变了渣中液相比例,进而影响了脱磷反应物与产物在渣-金间的传质过程。     

Structure and mechanical properties of ZrO2-mullite nano-ceramics in SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 system

ZrO2-mullite nano-ceramics were fabricated by in-situ controlled crystallizing from SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 amorphous bulk. The thermal transformation sequences of the SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 amorphous bulk were investigated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscope and differential scanning calorimetric. And the mechanical properties of the nano-ceramics were studied. The results show that the bulks are still in amorphous state at 900 ℃ and the t-ZrO2 forms at about 950 ℃ with a faint spinel-like phase which changes into mullite on further heating. ZrO2 and mullite become major phases at 1 100 ℃ and an amount of m-ZrO2 occur at the same time. The sample heated at 950 ℃ for 2 h and then at 1 100 ℃ for 1 h shows very dense and homogenous microstructure with ball-like grains in size of 20-50 nm. With the increase of crystallization temperature up to 1 350 ℃, the grains grow quickly and some grow into lath-shaped grains with major diameter of 5 μm. After two-step treatment the highest micro-hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of the samples are 13.72 GPa, 520 MPa and 5.13 MPa·m1/2, respectively.     

α-Al2O3纳米镀镍层中纳米粉含量测定方法的研究

Al2O3经高温1200℃转化为α-Al2O3，其粒径在1—100nm的α-Al2O3在金属镀层显示良好的抗蚀性和耐磨性，比常规镀层各方面性能均有大幅改善，因而测定镀层中的纳米材料多少是十分重要。本法对镀层通过物理方法剥离，用1 1盐酸溶解基体Fe及表层Cr,110℃烘干称重，硝酸溶样，用容量法测定镀层中Ni、Co，其差值为纳米α-Al2O3的含量。     

反应条件对CuO／Y2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3催化甲烷燃烧性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备CuO／Y2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂。研究了反应气甲烷与空气体积比和反应气体流速对CuO／Y2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3,催化剂性能的影响,结果显示：VCH4：VAir=1：25且气体流速为1800Loh-1时,该催化剂具有较好的催化活性和高温热稳定性。     

钢渣和γ-Al2O3对水溶液中磷的吸附特性比较

研究了钢渣和γ-Al2O3对水溶液中磷素的等温吸附特征和吸附动力学过程。考察了初始溶液质量浓度和温度对吸附作用的影响,计算了钢渣和γ-Al2O3对磷素的吸附速率。结果表明：两者均符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,对磷素的最大吸附量：钢渣（0．3055mg／g）〈γ-Al2O3（0．6868mg／g）;但缓冲容量：钢渣（0．8719L／mg）〉,γ-Al2O3（0．6131L／mg）,钢渣具有较高的除磷性价比。随着初始溶液质量浓度的增大,钢渣和γ-Al2O3对磷素的平衡吸附量均增大,并显著延长了钢渣达到吸附平衡的时间。温度升高对两者的影响不大,只是显著延长了钢渣达到吸附平衡的时间。温度较高,初始溶液质量浓度较高的条件下,γ-Al2O3的吸附速率较大,有利于吸附作用的进行;相反的条件下,则有利于钢渣吸附作用的进行。钢渣和γ-Al2O3吸附除磷的吸附动力学过程均符合准二级动力学模型,由该模型可以估算出其对水溶液中磷素的平衡吸附量,误差基本在7％以内。     

TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂的制备及其对甲基橙的降解

以Ti（SO4）2和Al2（SO4）3.18H2O为反应物,用乙醇助溶剂水热法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂,考察了铝/钛摩尔比、水热反应温度、乙醇体积分数及pH值对复合材料光催化效率的影响。X射线衍射测试显示复合材料中的TiO2为锐钛矿和金红石相的混晶结构,紫外-可见漫反射光谱分析表明其吸收光谱发生蓝移,BET测试表明该复合材料具有较大的比表面积。     

煅烧条件对制备γ-Al2O3的影响

阐述了采用焙烧拟薄水铝石制备高质量的γ-Al2O3的方法，并且分析了制备γ-Al2O3过程中的工艺条件(干燥、成型及煅烧条件)对产品性能的影响，重点讨论了煅烧条件与产品质量的关系，最终得出了制备γ-Al2O3较佳煅烧工艺条件，温度为450℃，时间为10h，升温速度为100℃／h．     

Self-Propagating High-Temperature Reductive Synthesis of TiB_2-Al_2O_3 Composite Powders

TiB2-Al2O3 composite powders were produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) method with reductive process from B2O3-TiO2-Al system. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analyses show the presence of TiB2 and Al2O3 only in the composite powders produced by SHS. The powders are uniform and free-agglomerate. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) observation of microstructure of the composite powders indicate that the interfaces of the TiB2-Al2O3 bond well, without any interfacial reaction products. It is proposed that the good interfacial bonding of the composite powders can be resulted from the TiB2 particles crystallizing and growing on the Al2O3 particles surface with surface defects acting as nucleation centers.     

Study on sulphide capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FetO slags

The sulphide capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FetO slags was studied at 1773 K using gas-slag equilibrium techniques. Utilizing a Pt crucible, the slag was equilibrated with a mixture of gases, namely, CO, CO2, SO2 and N2 to provide the partial pressure of oxygen and sulphur. It was shown that at fixed FetO and Al2O3 contents and a fixed { （?O）＋（%MgO）}/（%SIO2） ratio, the sulphide capacity decreases with increasing MgO content. At a constant （?O）/（%SiO2） ratio and constant MgO and Al2O3 contents, increasing the FetO content of the slags also results in an increase of the sulphide capacity. The rising basicity of （?O）/（%SiO2） from 1.0 to 1.4 at fixed MgO, FetO and Al2O3 contents significantly increases the sulphide capacity.     

W2N／TiO2-Al2O3催化剂的制备表征及噻吩HDS活性

以钛酸四丁酯及γ-Al2O3为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了不同TiO2质量分数的TiO2-Al2O3复合载体.复合载体经负载偏钨酸铵后在500 ℃下焙烧5 h可得到催化剂前躯体WO3/TiO2-Al2O3.利用程序升温还原技术,在氮气、氢气(体积比1(4～5))的混和气氛中,以10 800 h-1气体空速对催化剂前体还原处理,即可得到负载的W2N/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂.研究了载体中TiO2质量分数对催化剂性能的影响,分别用XRD,BET,XPS,TG/DTA等分析测试技术对催化剂进行了表征,并在固定床微型高压反应装置上考察了催化剂对噻吩的加氢脱硫活性.结果表明当TiO2的质量分数为6%时,所得催化剂的酸量、比表面积均达到最大,分别为0.184 9 mmol/g和107.2 m2/g,对噻吩的HDS活性最高,在330 ℃,压力3 MPa,液时空速(WHSV)6 h-1,氢油体积比9001条件下,噻吩的转化率可达到56.4%.     

H_4SiW_（12）O_（40）/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3催化合成丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用浸渍法制备ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体负载硅钨酸催化剂H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3,并通过FT-IR、XRD对其进行了表征.以H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3为催化剂催化合成丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮.系统地研究了各种因素对收率的影响.结果表明：H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂是合成丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,固定丁酮物质的量为0.20mol,丁酮与1,2-丙二醇质量比为1：1.5,带水剂环己烷的用量为8mL,反应时间60min,催化剂的用量占反应物总质量的1.5%的优化条件下,产品的收率可达78.1%.     

Leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system

The leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system was studied. The effects of ore particle size,reaction temperature and the sum concentration of ammonium ion and ammonia on the leaching efficiency of zinc were examined.The leaching kinetics of low-grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system follows the kinetic law of shrinking-core model. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate controlling step. The calculated apparent activation energy of the process is about 7.057kJ/mol. The leaching efficiency of zinc is 92.1% under the conditions of ore particle size of 69μm, holding at 80℃ for 60min, sum ammonia concentration of 7.5mol/L, the molar ratio of ammonium to ammonia being 2:1, and the ratio (g/mL) of solid to liquid being 1:10.     

SiO2氧化层在DIMOX法制备SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料中的作用机制

利用直接金属氧化法制备了SiC颗粒增强Al2O3-Al基复合材料，借助于XRD、光学金相显微镜（OM）和扫描电镜（SEM）对该复合材料的微观结构进行了观测，分析了SiO2氧化层的形成在复合材料制备过程中的作用。结果表明，SiO2层可以防止材料粉化现象的发生。缩短反应的孕育期，并可避免材料的胞状生长，促进材料的致密化。     

B2O3对锂铝硅系统微晶玻璃结构性能的影响

采用差热分析(DTA),X-ray衍射分析(XRD),扫描电镜分析(SEM)等手段研究热处理制度对锂铝硅透明微晶玻璃热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明,随B2O3含量的增加,玻璃的熔化温度降低,熔化质量提高。经处理后的微晶玻璃样品,随B2O3含量的增加,透明性变差。当B2O3的含量超过3%时,出现比较严重的分相现象。微晶玻璃的主晶相为LixAlxSi1-xO2固溶体。