ANOMALOUS THERMAL RESISTIVITY OF PtW AND PtWReNi ALLOYS

<正> PtW_(8.5)和PtW_(8.5)Re_5Ni_2两种合金(以下简称PtW和PtWRe_5Ni_2)经过再结晶或稳定化处理后出现热电性能的反常现象,即所谓的K状态。这一反常现象的出现表明与一般固溶体不同,当合金在高温下长期退火或缓慢冷却时电阻增加,冷加工时则又减少。合金经冷加工(以下称硬态)和再结晶处理后其室温和高温电阻的变化亦不同,说明与合金的组织状态有关,为此有进一步探讨的必要。     

对PtW和PtWReNi合金反常热电性的探讨

PtW_(8.5)和PtW_(8.5)Re_5Ni_2两种合金(以下简称PtW和PtWRe_5Ni_2)经过再结晶或稳定化处理后出现热电性能的反常现象,即所谓的K状态。这一反常现象的出现表明与一般固溶体不同,当合金在高温下长期退火或缓慢冷却时电阻增加,冷加工时则又减少。合金经冷加工(以下称硬态)和再结晶处理后其室温和高温电阻的变化亦不同,说明与合金的组织状态有关,为此有进一步探讨的必要。     

铝合金阳极腐蚀过程的电化学阻抗谱研究

利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)方法研究了Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti合金阳极在3%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀过程,观察了260h浸泡腐蚀后的表面形貌.结果表明:合金腐蚀是点蚀引起的,腐蚀由钝化态开始,经点蚀诱导期,达到点蚀稳定期.分别采用不同等效电路拟合合金在不同腐蚀阶段的电化学阻抗谱.结果表明:当合金处于钝化态时,EIS谱为反应电阻Rt很大的容抗弧;随浸泡时间的延长,EIS谱低频出现感抗弧,合金进入点蚀诱导期,溶液电阻R5增大,反应电阻Rt减小,蚀孔内反应电阻R0减小,感抗L收缩;合金处于点蚀稳定期时,EIS谱低频感抗弧消失,出现一直线,腐蚀产物扩散成为反应控制步骤.     

Na_2SO_4水溶液中Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr微晶薄膜的电化学腐蚀行为

利用磁控溅射技术制备了晶粒尺寸为300nm～400 nm的GW102K(Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr)微晶薄膜.通过动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究微晶薄膜在0.2 mol/L Na_2SO_4水溶液中的腐蚀行为.极化曲线结果表明,微晶化加速GW102K靶材合金的阴极过程,而抑制其阳极过程.EIS结果表明,微晶化降低GW102K靶材合金在自腐蚀电位下的转移电阻和腐蚀产物膜电阻,从而降低其耐蚀性.微晶化提供大量的晶粒边界,氢原子通过晶粒边界快速扩散,生成氢化物,从而加速GW102K靶材合金的阴极反应速率.此外,微晶化促进金属的阳极溶解,使微晶薄膜表面形成大量均匀的腐蚀产物,从而抑制金属的进一步溶解.     

时效工艺对2519铝合金热轧板材抗应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

以腐蚀的强度指标(Kσ)和腐蚀的伸长率指标(Kδ)评定合金的抗应力腐蚀敏感性, 研究了2519铝合金热轧板材在T6、T7和T8状态下的抗应力腐蚀敏感性.试验结果表明,2519铝合金热轧板材的抗应力腐蚀敏感性按T8>T7>T6 排序,而它们的力学性能按T6>T8>T7的顺序排列.另外,测试了室温下T6、T7 和T8状态2519铝合金试样的恒电位极化曲线,发现可以以合金的极化电阻定性地描述合金的抗应力腐蚀敏感性,且当合金的极化电阻越大时,合金的抗应力腐蚀敏感性越好.     

我国仪表用精密电阻合金

一、引言精密电阻合金是精密电阻器中所用的关键材料。所谓精密电阻器,通常是指高精密高稳定的元器件,额定功率一般在2瓦以下,标称阻值由0.01Ω～20MΩ之间,允许偏差范围为±2%～±0.001%。有合金型与薄膜型两种。谈到精密电阻合金的发展,最早要追溯到上世纪中叶麦铁逊在英国研究了百余种合金的工作,随后是1886年在美国工作的英国人 E.魏士顿曾获得零温度系数的70%Cu—30%MnFe 的合金,但由于脆而无法投产。直到1888年德国物理技术研究所 K.富士纳等先后研究了 Pt-Ir,Pt-Ag,德银Nikelin,Patentnikel,康铜与铜锰镍等合金,找到了世人著称的“Manganin”,在伊沙别林     

Ca缺位型稀土金属氧化物La_(0.65)Ca_xMnO_3的磁电特性分析

制备了 Ca缺位型稀土金属氧化物 L a0 .6 5Cax Mn O3,并对磁性及电输运特性进行了研究。发现随 Ca缺位的增加 ,材料的晶胞体积增大 ,但居里温度却减小 ,铁磁相互作用减弱。材料的金属 -半导体转换峰值温度 Ttran随 Ca缺位程度的增加相应减小而电阻峰值却增大 ,作者用极化子电阻模型拟合了金属 -半导体转换峰温度 Ttran以上的电阻温度依赖关系 ,发现 Ca缺位材料电阻的增大可能与局域波函数的衰减长度减小有关。还同时利用迪尼模型在 10 0 K～ 3 0 0 K温区内 ,分析计算了材料电阻随温度的变化关系 ,发现磁交换能和电 -声相互作用能对极化陷阱能的贡献在有 Ca缺位时比无缺位时均有所增大。极化陷阱能的增高减低了载流子的活动能力。同时还对 Ca含量、Mn+ 3/ Mn+ 4含量、氧缺位量存在的关系进行了讨论。     

RESISTIVITY ANOMALY IN METALLIC GLASSES(Fe_(1-x)Co_x)_(78)Si_(9.5)B_(12.5)

用四端引线法测量了4.2K到室温的非晶态(Fe_(1-x)Co_x)_(18)Si_(9.5)B_(12.5)(x=0—1.0)合金的电阻率。结果表明,x=0—1.0的所有样品都出现了电阻率与温度关系的极小值。电阻率极小值温度T_(min)随Co含量x的增加而增加,在x=0.9时出现极大值。在T_(min)温度以下,电阻率与温度关系符合-lnT规律。x=0.5—1.0的样品,电阻率与-lnT关系出现两个斜率。在T_(min)温度以上,约100K以下电阻率符合T~2规律,在约100K以上电阻率则按T~(3/2)规律变化。实验结果表明,约在9.5K和100K温区,电阻率与温度关系可近似表达为:ρ/ρ_(min)=ρ_0+AlnT+BT~2。显现类Kondo型电阻极小。电阻率的T~2关系来源于电子-声子散射。     

复杂黄铜等效成分及其计算方法的商榷

本文明确提出了合金元素铜当量J的存在.指出合金元素的锌当量系数与铜当量系数之间的并存,互补的一元关系,给出了K、J的初步定义式。通过K+J=1的推导,进一步证明了合金中当量含锌量的增加量即等于其中相对应的铜量减少(即K+J=0)这一近似性提法的错误。     

过偏晶合金Ni-40%Pb深过冷凝固组织

采用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法研究过冷Ni-40%Pb(质量分数)过偏晶合金的组织演化规律. 结果发现 过偏晶合金在快速凝固阶段本质上是以枝晶方式生长; 当ΔT《50K时, 合金组织为粗大枝晶+枝晶间Pb相+团块状Pb相; 当100《ΔT《198K时, 合金组织宏观偏析严重; 当ΔT＝292K时, 合金组织呈粒状晶, 第二相均匀弥散分布. 分析表明凝固组织宏观偏析与快速凝固阶段固液相变速率和体系残余液相分数有关; 粒状晶粒化机制属于枝晶碎断再结晶机制.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.