不同掺杂设计对类金刚石涂层海水环境摩擦学性能的影响

采用UDP650型闭合场非平衡磁控溅射系统在硅片及316不锈钢基底表面制备了不同掺杂设计的类金刚石涂层(DLC、Cr/DLC和WC/DLC),通过SEM、Raman、硬度仪和划痕仪研究了涂层的结构及力学性能,利用多功能摩擦试验机考察了涂层在大气及海水环境下的摩擦学性能。结果表明,Cr或WC掺杂能显著促进DLC涂层的石墨化,同时提高涂层的结合力及韧性。在摩擦磨损试验中,由于海水的润滑作用,3种涂层在海水环境下的摩擦因数及磨损率均低于大气环境。同时,WC/DLC在3种涂层中表现出最佳的摩擦学性能,这取决于其高的石墨化程度,良好的结合力及优异的韧性。     

DLC and UHMWPE as hard/soft composite film on Si for improved tribological performance

The main purpose of this study is to explore the advantages of using a composite thin film of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) on a hard diamond like carbon (DLC) coating deposited on Si, for high wear life and low coefficient of friction. The experiments are carried out using a ball-on-disc tribometer at a constant linear speed of 0.052 m/s. A 4 mm diameter silicon nitride ball with a normal load of 40 mN is used as the counterface. The tribological results are discussed on the basis of hardness, elastic modulus, contact area, contact pressure and optical images of surface films. As a result of higher load carrying capacity (high hardness and elastic modulus), the wear life of Si/DLC/UHMWPE coated layer is approximately five times greater than that of Si/UHMWPE. Looking at the film thickness effect, UHMWPE film shows maximum wear resistance when the film is of optimum thickness (6.2 μm-12.3 μm) on DLC. Wear mechanisms of different UHMWPE thicknesses for Si/DLC/UHMWPE film are explained using optical microscopy of worn surfaces. Further, the use of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) ultra-thin film as the top layer on the composite coatings reduces the coefficient of friction to very low values (0.06-0.07) and increases the wear life of the films by several folds.     

DLC表面涂覆在模具中的应用

简要介绍了DLC(类金刚石)涂层技术的发展、基本原理及工艺流程。重点介绍DLC涂层在半导体封装模具特别是引脚成形模具中的应用,以了解DLC涂层卓越的性能和其在模具领域中的使用价值。在模具成形零件上涂覆一层DLC涂层,可以有效提高产品的品质、减少维护时间、降低产品的生产成本。     

Effects of solid lubricants on friction and wear behaviors of the phenolic coating under different friction conditions

The phenolic coating filled with micro-MoS₂ or micro-graphite was prepared by spraying the coating precursors. The friction and wear behaviors of the unfilled and filled phenolic composite coating sliding against the steel ring were evaluated on an MHK-500 friction and wear tester under dry friction and under water lubrication conditions. The worn surfaces of the unfilled and filled phenolic coating and the transfer films formed on the surface of the steel ring were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope (OM), respectively. FTIR analysis was performed to detect the chemical changes of the composite coating under different lubrication conditions. It was found that addition of graphite was effective in enhancing the wear life of the phenolic coating. Especially, the anti-wear ability of the phenolic coating was best when the content of graphite is 10 wt.%. However, the MoS₂ as filler was harmful to the friction and wear behaviors of the phenolic coating. The character of the fillers varied with the types of the solid lubricants and the transfer films of varied features formed on the counterpart steel ring, largely accounted for the different friction and wear behaviors of the unfilled and filled phenolic composite coating. Compared with under dry sliding, the phenolic composite coating filled with 10 wt.% MoS₂ or 10 wt.% graphite had lower friction coefficients and lower wear life under water lubrication. Since water hindered the formation of transferred films, and might penetrate and corrode the filler-matrix interface, the anti-wear ability of the phenolic composite coating reinforced with MoS₂ or graphite deteriorated under water lubrication.     

Bonding strength of DLC film on zirconia coating prepared by gas tunnel type plasma spraying

Bonding strength of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on zirconia coatings prepared using a novel gas tunnel plasma spraying method has been studied and discussed. The emphasis is on the getting better characteristics of such doubly structured coatings (DSC) as comparing compared with properties of both components involved in the coatings. For the study of various failure mechanisms zirconia coatings of different thicknesses on aluminum substrates were prepared. The as-sprayed coatings were firstly polished and then subjected to deposition of DLC films. Adhesion of the DSC has been evaluated using a scratch test method. It has been found that the thicker coatings have higher hardness and lower porosity. The adhesion failures of DLC films on zirconia coatings (DSC) are caused by two different main mechanisms: (i) DLC films separation from the zirconia coatings, and (ii) DLC films breaking under stress load due to the brittleness of the material. In addition the adhesion failures are due to flaking of DLC films on the thinner zirconia coatings caused by a distortion of the aluminum alloy substrate coatings; and, chipping of DLC films themselves on the thicker zirconia coatings.     

石墨靶电流对类石墨镀层摩擦性能的影响

用非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术制备含铬类石墨镀层,研究了石墨靶电流对磁控溅射法制备类石墨镀层摩擦性能的影响.通过扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、透射电镜等分析了镀层的表面形貌与组织.结果表明:所制备镀层的硬度随着石墨靶电流的升高而增加;镀层的摩擦系数和比磨损率随靶电流的增大呈现先降后升的趋势;扫描电镜和原子力显微镜图片分析表明镀层表面呈典型的岛团状聚集态,且随着石墨靶电流增大,镀层表面岛团状尺寸变大、镀层表面粗糙度随之增大.用高分辨透射电镜分析显示:靶电流较小时碳层中出现Cr元素富集区,随着石墨靶电流的增大,表面层中的Cr弥散分布.     

DLC、TiN涂层对TC4钛合金抗砂尘冲蚀性能的影响

为提高TC4钛合金的抗砂尘冲蚀性能,采用金属蒸汽真空弧(MEVVA)离子源注入与磁过滤真空阴极弧(FCVA)沉积复合技术、磁控溅射技术在TC4钛合金表面制备DLC、TiN涂层。采用SEM、Raman、XRD、纳米压痕仪和划痕仪等方法对涂层的物相结构、硬度、弹性模量以及与基体的结合力进行表征。在冲蚀试验平台上考核试样在不同入射角度条件下的抗砂尘冲蚀性能。结果表明:DLC涂层表面结构致密,含有大量sp3键,硬度为62.1 GPa,弹性模量为391.64 GPa,结合力达80.4 N;TiN涂层表面存在许多熔滴颗粒及空穴,硬度为22.72 GPa,弹性模量为383.18 GPa,结合力达34.7 N。30°冲蚀条件下,涂层主要是通过提高基体表面硬度来抵抗砂尘粒子的微切削作用,从而提高TC4钛合金的抗砂尘冲蚀性能。90°冲蚀条件下,涂层通过延缓基体的塑性变形来实现TC4钛合金抗砂尘冲蚀性能的提高。     

pH值及助剂对氢化态Mg-Mn复合物水反应性能的影响

为了提高氢化态Mg-Mn复合物的水反应性能,采用改变反应水溶液pH值和在水溶液中加入不同助剂的方法,通过测量反应过程中不同时刻产生的氢气量对助剂在水反应中的作用进行表征,利用SEM和XRD等测试手段对反应产物进行表征和测试,对反应机理进行分析。结果表明：改变反应溶液的pH值对反应程度及放氢速率的影响不大,且pH值越大,越不利于反应的进行;在溶液中添加助剂焦磷酸钾、六偏磷酸钠、羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)对提高氢化态Mg-Mn复合物的放氢速率有显著促进作用;相比之下,应采用添加磷酸盐助剂的方法来改善氢化态Mg-Mn复合物水反应性能。     

The effect of a DLC coating adhesion layer on the corrosion behavior of titanium and the Ti6Al4V alloy for dental implants

The properties of DLC layers provide for their broad use in medical applications. Their tribological properties are frequently utilized in big joint implants, and their barrier effect offers another benefit. The present work studied corrosion behavior of DLC coatings formed on titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy with a titanium or chromium inter-layer, in environments to which dental implants may be exposed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, XPS surface analysis, ICP/MS chemical analysis method and a set of standard biological tests were employed in the study.     

The performance of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated diamond-like carbon tool coatings during the dry drilling of 319 Al

Aluminium alloys, though widely used in the automotive industry, are difficult to machine, particularly by drilling and tapping without the use of metal removal fluids, because of aluminium's strong tendency to adhere to the cutting tool. Tribological tests have revealed that carbon-based tool coatings, such as diamond-like carbon (DLC), promise an improved performance due to their low friction and adhesion. However, the tribological performance of DLC coatings depends on both their hydrogen content and the testing environments. Hence the experimental approach taken in this study was designed to understand the cutting performance of hydrogenated DLC (H-DLC) and non-hydrogenated DLC (NH-DLC) tool coatings during the dry drilling of a 319 Al (Al–6%Si) alloy. An experimental drilling station was built to measure torque and thrust force changes using a cutting speed of 2500 rpm and a feed rate of 0.25 mm/rev. The cutting performance was assessed by measuring the torques and thrust forces generated during the drilling of the first 150 holes or by drill failure—depending on which occurred first. The results indicated that superior cutting performance was achieved, in both torque and thrust force responses, using DLC-coated drills rather than uncoated high-speed steel (HSS) drills. The uncoated HSS drills failed after drilling only 49 holes as a result of excessive aluminium adhesion. At least 150 holes could be drilled using the DLC-coated drills, and both the torque and thrust forces generated during drilling were lower than those with uncoated HSS drills. In addition, a smaller proportion of holes exhibited abrupt increases in torque (at the end of the drilling cycle) during drilling with the DLC-coated drills. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations showed that the H-DLC drill flutes displayed minimal aluminium clogging—resulting in lower torque. H-DLC coating also diminished metal transfer and buildup edge formation on the drill's flank face and cutting edge. Thus, torque and thrust force measurements, supported by metallographic data, indicated that H-DLC-coated drills provided better dry drilling performance than NH-DLC.     

化学预处理对微型钻头沉积类金刚石薄膜附着力的影响

在刀具上沉积类金刚石(DLC)薄膜的关键技术问题是如何提高DLC薄膜的附着力,以发挥DLC薄膜在刀具涂层领域的优势。本文通过对微型钻头表面进行不同的化学预处理后利用射频等离子体化学气相沉法沉积DLC薄膜,对影响膜基附着力的内在规律进行了探讨。结果表明:采用简单酸碱腐蚀(先后使用NaOH溶液和HNO3溶液进行腐蚀)对DLC薄膜附着力的提高有一定作用,而综合腐蚀(首先使用酸碱腐蚀,然后使用Murakami试剂腐蚀)的效果更佳;此外,使用Murakami试剂腐蚀时间过长(超过6 min)会影响钻头本体的机械强度。实验结果对于DLC薄膜作为微型钻头涂层的应用具有很好的指导意义。     

含纳米CeO2，Cu混合物添加剂润滑油摩擦学性能研究

本文中将纳米二氧化铈与铜粒子混合物应用于润滑油添加剂，使润滑油具有优良的减摩、抗磨性能。纳米二氧化铈与铜粒子用适当的表面活性剂进行表面改性处理，经表面改性的纳米粒子在润滑油中具有良好的分散、稳定性。采用透射电镜（TEM）观察与测量纳米二氧化铈、铜粒子的形貌和平均直径。应用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定添加纳米二氧化铈、铜粒子的润滑油的极压性能（PB）、磨痕直径（WSD）和摩擦因数（μ）等。研究结果表明，最佳的纳米二氧化铈、铜粒子的总添加量为0．6％左右、纳米二氧化铈、铜粒子的质量分数之比为1：1，该润滑油具有最佳的的减摩、抗磨作用。文中还探讨了纳米二氧化铈、铜粒子混合物具有优良摩擦学性能的机理。     

保护渣物化性能对铸坯与结晶器间摩擦的影响

为了有效防止漏钢,降低铸坯与结晶器间的摩擦力,研究了保护渣的物化性能对铸坯与结晶器间的摩擦力的影响.研究结果表明,保护渣的物化性能对铸坯与结晶器间的摩擦力有非常重要的影响.分析了保护渣在1300 ℃时的黏度和铸坯与结晶器间的摩擦力之间的关系.在研究渣膜在铸坯与结晶器间的润滑与摩擦的作用时,必须充分考虑渣膜中存在的温度梯度对黏度的影响,不能将渣膜的黏度简化为恒定不变,否则将导致摩擦力计算结果的偏差.     

Effects of TaN nanoparticles on microstructure,mechanical properties and tribological performance of PEEK coating prepared by electrophoretic deposition

In order to solve the friction, wear and lubrication problems of titanium, a series of TaN/ployether- ether-ketone (PEEK) coatings were developed by electrophoretic deposition, and the effects of TaN nanoparticles on the microstructure, mechanical properties and tribological performance of coatings were explored. Results manifest that the introduction of TaN nanoparticles into PEEK coatings could improve the deposition efficiency, enhance the resistant deform capacity, increase the hardness, elastic modulus and adhesive bonding strength. Compared with the pure PEEK coating, the friction coefficient of P-TN-3 was greatly reduced by 31.25%. The wear resistance of P-TN-3 was also improved in huge boost, and its specific wear rate was decreased from 9.42×10^-5 to 1.62×10^-5 mm³·N^-1·m^-1. The homogeneous composite TaN/PEEK coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition were well-adhered to the titanium alloy substrate, TaN nanoparticles could improve the strength of PEEK coating, and provide wear-resistance protection for titanium alloys.     

纯钛表面激光熔覆铁基耐磨涂层结构及摩擦学性能(英文)

利用激光熔覆技术在纯钛表面制备铁基涂层。用 XRD、SEM、TEM分析涂层的相组成和晶体结构。在UMT-2MT摩擦磨损试验机上对铁基涂层在不同载荷和不同滑动速度下的摩擦磨损性能进行测试。用SEM和3D表面轮廓仪分析铁基涂层磨损后的表面形貌和磨屑形貌。结果表明:钛表面激光熔覆制备的铁基涂层的显微硬度约为860HV0.2,具有优异的耐磨性能,磨损率为(0.70～2.32)×10-6mm3/(N·m),可以显著提高纯钛基材的耐磨性能;涂层的磨损机理为轻微的磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

The effect of deep-case oxygen hardening on the tribological behaviour of a-C:H DLC coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy

A new duplex surface treatment combining the boost diffusion oxidation (BDO) treatment with amorphous hydrogenated diamond-like carbon hard coatings (BDO/a-C:H DLC) has been developed. Experiments results demonstrated that the BDO pre-treatment can effectively improve the scratch resistance and load bearing capacity of a-C:H DLC on Ti6Al4V. This is mainly because the hardened case in Ti6Al4V conferred by the BDO treatment can provide adequate mechanical support for the thin hard top carbon coating.     

The effect of Mo content in plasma-sprayed Mo-NiCrBSi coating on the tribological behavior

NiCrBSi is a material popularly used as a hard thermal sprayed coating. The coating performs well as a wear resistant coating under low stress. At higher stress in metal-to-metal sliding wear condition, however, the NiCrBSi starts to experience surface deformation, which will inevitably lead to seizure as the stress increases. In order to improve the tribological properties of the NiCrBSi plasma-sprayed coating, Mo is added to the coating to reduce the friction between the coating and other metal contacting surface, thus, improving its dry sliding wear resistance. In this study, various amounts of Mo were mixed with NiCrBSi at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt.%. The powders were sprayed using an air plasma spraying technique onto stainless steel samples to form coatings, which were ground to achieve flat surfaces and a thickness of 350-400 μm. The mechanical properties of the coatings were determined. The coating samples were then tested using a reciprocation ball-on-flat tribometer. It was found that as the Mo/NiCrBSi ratio increases, the wear mechanism changes. Coatings containing 75%Mo and 25%NiCrBSi exhibit the highest wear depths corresponding to the cracking of the thin NiCrBSi splats. On the other hand, coatings containing 25%Mo and 75%NiCrBSi possess the lowest wear depths with no surface cracks. The presence of Mo covering the coating surface hinders the metal seizure between NiCrBSi and steel counter surface.     

Effects of Cr interlayer on mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-Al-Si-N nanocomposite coating

Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were deposited on SUS 304 substrate by a hybrid coating system. A Cr interlayer was introduced between Cr-Al-Si-N coating and SUS 304 substrate to improve the coating adherence. The effects of Cr interlayer on the microhardness, adhesion, and tribological behavior of Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the microhardness of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings gradually deceases with increasing thickness of Cr interlayers. The adhesion between Cr-Al-Si-N and SUS 304 substrate is improved by addition of the Cr interlayers. A peak critical load of ~50 N is observed for the coating containing Cr interlayer of 60 nm as compared ~ 20 N for the coating without Cr interlayer. The thicker Cr interlayers result in reduced critical load values. Moreover, the wear resistance of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings is greatly enhanced by introducing the Cr interlayer with thickness of 60 nm in spite of the decreased microhardness. The friction coefficient of the coating system is also moderately reduced.     

Monitoring of a Zr-based conversion coating on galvanised steel and its performance against corrosion

ABSTRACT

New protective coatings with satisfactory performance and low impact are required by the surface treatment industry as effective Cr(VI)-free substitutes. Recently conversion coating systems containing Zr/Ti have shown great promise particularly for zinc finishes on steel and in this paper, we study the influence of bath conditions (e.g. pH and time) on conversion layers composed of a Zr-based film. The coating formation was studied by simultaneous monitoring of open circuit potential and surface pH using a novel cell design. Samples were subsequently characterised by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in NaCl over a 24-hour period. The system demonstrates a correlation between pH of formation and corrosion resistance.     

DLC薄膜沉积对不同表面形貌的钛微弧氧化膜层摩擦学性能的影响

目的 在钛微弧氧化（MAO）膜层表面沉积类金刚石碳（DLC）薄膜,探索DLC薄膜沉积对不同表面形貌微弧氧化膜层摩擦学性能的影响。方法 在铝酸盐电解液体系中,通过改变微弧氧化时间（10、60 min）制备表面粗糙度与平均孔径不同的两种微弧氧化膜层MAO_10和MAO_60,而后利用磁控溅射技术在其表面沉积DLC薄膜,获得MAO/DLC复合膜层。通过白光共聚焦显微镜、CSM球盘式摩擦磨损试验机、Mahr轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜等实验设备,对膜层的表面粗糙度、微孔尺寸、摩擦系数、磨损率和磨痕形貌等进行观察和分析。结果 微弧氧化时间增加导致MAO膜层的表面粗糙度增大,表面微孔数目下降但平均孔径增大。DLC沉积可以在MAO_10膜层表面形成较好的DLC覆盖层,但在粗糙度较高和孔径较大的MAO_60膜层表面呈现出明显的不连续分布。MAO/DLC复合膜层的粗糙度和平均孔径明显低于MAO膜层。摩擦学性能测试表明,MAO_10/DLC复合膜层的摩擦系数和磨损率相比于MAO_10膜层均明显下降,MAO_10膜层和MAO_10/DLC复合膜层的稳定摩擦系数分别为0.85和0.24,磨损率分别为12.76×10-6 mm3/(N?m)和3.71×10-6 mm3/(N?m);MAO_60/DLC复合膜层的摩擦系数和磨损率则与MAO_60膜层比较接近,MAO_60膜层和MAO_60/DLC复合膜层的稳定摩擦系数分别为0.77和0.67,磨损率分别为68.02×10-6 mm3/(N?m)和61.81×10-6 mm3/(N?m)。结论 在表面较平整且平均孔径较小的钛微弧氧化膜层表面沉积DLC薄膜时,所得MAO/DLC复合膜层在摩擦过程中可以形成较为连续的润滑层,其摩擦学性能良好。相反,在表面粗糙和平均孔径较大的钛微弧氧化膜层表面沉积DLC薄膜时,所得MAO/DLC复合膜层在摩擦过程中难以形成连续的润滑层,其摩擦学性能较差。