Ⅷ和IB族元素二元合金相图的类型与门捷列夫数的关系

首次讨论了二元合金相图的类型与门捷列夫数（M）之间的关系。设Ⅷ和IB族元素为溶剂金属（A），其他元素为溶质金属（B），分别用MA和MB表示溶质金属和溶剂金属的门捷列夫数，再以它们之间形成的二元合金相图类型为基础，研究了MA／MB二维图。结果指出，在以溶剂金属为中心的斜线上，△M＝0。该斜线将溶剂金属的二元合金相图类型分为对称的两部分，其余元素与溶剂金属的二元合金相图类型分别在斜线的上方和下方。溶剂金属之间形成的二元合金相图基本上都是简单体系，并以连续固溶体型和包晶型相图为主，二者各占40％左右，其余的简单体系约占20％。溶剂金属可分为三组：Co、Ir、Rh、Ni、Pt、Pd为第一组；Cu、Au、Ag为第二组；Fe、Os和Ru为第三组。还讨论了各组元素间相互作用所形成的相图的特点。溶剂金属与溶质金属间形成的相图，约80％为复杂体系，简单体系不到20％。此外，还探讨了化学标度、原子的金属半径、原子外层电子数和第一电离能与门捷列夫数之间的规律性变化，以及晶体结构对相图类型的影响。     

Ti—Cu合金薄板材熔融碱蚀洗参数的控制

一前言Ti-CU钛合金是英国研制的航空用途的钛合金，加工材有锻件、棒材、板材、丝材等多种形式．此合金具有密度小，易加工和良好的综合机械性能等特点．乃一CU合金中含有2．O％～｝oW质量）的铜，铜元素属p稳定元素；组成的合金技合金类型属共折型合金．根据Ti－C力系二元相图     

贵金属合金相图研究的进展及现状

总结了1976～1985年间贵金属合金相图的研究状况,分别介绍了贵金属合金二元系和三元系中的研究进展。并指出到1985年止实验测定贵金属合金相图体系已达768个,比1975年前增加了47.7％。在这十年间,新研究的贵金属合金二元系43个,三元系191个,四元系14个。1975年前研究过的一些体系也得到修正和完善,贵金贵合金相图的计算和实验技术也有很大发展。根据相同的类型,将只含贵金属的二元和现有三元合金相图分为:固液态完全互溶型、偏晶型、包晶型和液态完全互溶固态不完全互溶型。对贵金属合金新材料开发的需要推动了贵金属合金相图的巨大进展,BAPD的出版和实验技术的进步为这种发展创造了条件。最后,指出了今后研究贵金属合金相图的趋势。     

镁的合金化与合金相图

论文分析了镁基合金二元和多元相图的研究现状；指出了镁合金在合金化中存在的问题。在此基础上探讨了在镁合金的设计与研究过程中如何进行相图的研究。指出由6－10个元素组成镁合金集团进行合金相图的实验测定和热力学计算的方案是可行的。     

你需要合金相图吗?——本刊即将开辟“合金相图”专栏

合金相图是分析合金组织,研究合金组织变化规律的有效工具,可用来大致判断不同合金的性能,作为选用和研制合金的参考。在生产实践中,合金相图是制定合金熔铸,加工和热处理工艺参数的重要依据。为满足广大读者的需要,本刊拟开辟“合金相图”专栏,从第2期开始,首先介绍金属晶体结构的概念和类型,然后按元素化学符号字母顺序连载二元合     

炼钢脱氧剂碳化硅的脱氧能力分析

采用XRD化学分析炼钢脱氧剂碳化硅,不但对其化学成分进行分析,而且可根据合金体系中各种组成合金的晶体学结构不同判定其元素的不同价态,根据脱氧合金中不同价键脱氧元素含量的M~0/M~(N+)比值定义为脱氧度,来评估脱氧元素M的脱氧能力。     

应用NRTL方程从液-液部分互溶二元合金系相图提取热力学数据

根据液液部分互溶二元合金系相图偏晶点和会溶点的温度与组成数据，应用遗传算法求解ＮＲＴＬ方程中的能量参数（ｇ２１－ｇ１１）、（ｇ１２－ｇ２２）和有规参数α１２之值，进而计算该类体系组分的活度系数，并以ＺｎＰｂ液液部分互溶二元系为例进行了活度系数计算，其结果与实测数据符合较好。     

铁基、镍基、钴基合金熔点计算方法和经验公式

认为任何钢及合金系属由同一溶剂的多个不同溶质的二元合金所组成。以二元合金相图为工具,计算出不同溶质的降温系效。认为溶质对溶剂引起的冰点下降具有叠加性。给出了铁基、镍基、钴基合金熔点(液相线℃)计算经验公式。     

有色金属合金相图的热力学分析

本文进行了合金 TD(热力学数据)和 FD 相图之间关系的简述。详细地阐述了 Le Chatelier-Schroder,van Laar—Bowen 和 Schottky 方程式在合金相图的热力学及几何热力学上的计算方法。并描述了合金中真实溶液、规则溶液的关系,以及它们的一些理论.总结了二元由 TD 确定三元 TD 的半经验公式。最后说明了用 TD 计算 FD 的方法。     

二元合金相图·连载·

前言本栏拟连载二元合金相图八百多幅。本期刊载二元合金相的晶体结构,以便于读者了解金属晶体结构的一般概念和晶格类型。从下期起,按合金成分的化学符号字母顺序连载相图,并附简要说明。 1.相图横座标尽量采用重量百分数(图中以wt％表示),但在每辐相图的顶部仍标出其     

The role of the psychologist in the disability evaluation of emotional and intellectual impairments under the social security act.

"Psychological examinations are frequently required for the evaluation of emotional and intellectual impairments in order to establish the degree of loss of function in workers who apply for disability benefits as well as in adults who are disabled in childhood… . The presence of severe and persistent illness should be associated with objective evidences of regression substantial enough to preclude vocational activity… . Psychological evaluations serve to pinpoint the specific functional capacities of the applicant so as to serve as a basis for the evaluation as well as for rehabilitation." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tank Simulation for the Optimization of Water Distribution Networks

In this paper an original approach to the simulation of floating-on-the-system tanks as decision variables for water distribution system design optimization is presented, aiming to bridge the gap between traditional engineering practice and mathematical considerations needed for genetic algorithms (GAs). The paper includes a systematic and detailed critical overview of various mathematical approaches in literature, as well as a novel, more “engineering oriented” approach to the simulation of tanks as decision variables for water distribution system design optimization, describing in detail assumptions and impacts to the evaluation of potential solutions. Tank simulation is based on two decision variables: capacity and minimum normal operational level, omitting risers. Shape and ratio between emergency/total capacities are taken into consideration as design parameters. Assessment of tank performance is carried out by four criteria for the normal daily operational cycle, differentiating between operational and filling capacity, as well as two further criteria for emergency flows. The original design and operational mathematical assumptions are implemented in a fuzzy multiobjective GA model, which is applied to the well-known example from literature “Anytown” water distribution network to benchmark the results.     

加强企业科研经费管理的思考

全面提升企业科技创新的实力和市场竞争力,科学的加强企业科研经费管理是科研工作的必要保障,同时也是企业科技管理和财务管理的重要内容。文章针对企业科研经费管理中存在的问题,对如何加强企业科研经费管理进行了思考。     

Psychoanalytic and biological perspectives on depression: Contradictory or complementary?

The emergence of biological psychiatry as a major mental health movement and theoretical point of view presents important issues for psychoanalytic psychology in conceptualizing and treating psychopathology. Psychoanalytic and biological perspectives on depression, as well as other disorders, are often seen as representing contradictory and mutually exclusive theoretical models. This paper critically reviews some of the primary research evidence for the biological psychiatric diagnosis of endogenous depression, and challenges the tendency to construe findings as a basis for discounting the role of psychogenic factors or the value of psychological treatment approaches. Brief attention is given to philosophical issues of reductionism and mind-body dualism, which pose serious conceptual problems for a biological model of psychopathology. The potential for viewing biological and psychological factors as complementary is considered. Freud's early effort to devise a psychogenic model of psychopathology recognized this potential and is reflected in his attempt to build a metapsychological bridge between physiological and mental phenomena. Psychoanalytic theory may provide the essential framework for incorporating both biological and psychological perspectives on depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prevention of health risks in the use of MRI procedures. Recommendations of the Radiation Protection Commission

Magnetic resonance imaging is used routinely with much success for various problems in different medical disciplines. However, the patient is exposed to static as well as to time-dependent magnetic fields and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. In 1997 the Strahlenschutzkommission, the German Radiological Protection Commission, passed a recommendation on the use of magnetic resonance in medical diagnostics. In this recommendation basic values related to thresholds for physiological effects and limits for restricted and unrestricted use are given. In the following the aim and applicability of this recommendation are discussed, as well as the thresholds and different limits for the static magnetic fields, the gradient fields and the radio-frequency fields. Additionally, advice is given for the protection of high-risk patients, personnel, and the general public, together with further safety advice as well as recommendations for users and manufacturers.     

企业管理导入卓越绩效模式的探讨

在企业内导入卓越绩效模式,能帮助企业持续改进和提高绩效。对于引导和促进企业适应新形势,加快观念的转变和管理的创新,提升竞争能力有着非常重要的意义。文章介绍了导入卓越绩效模式的背景、成效等,提出了作者对导入卓越绩效模式的体会及观点。     

Developmental emergence and functionality of Sehnsucht (life longings): The sample case of involuntary childlessness in middle-aged women.

Sehnsucht (life longings), the intense desire for optimal (utopian) states of life that are remote or unattainable, was recently introduced into life-span psychology as a concept of self-regulation (P. B. Baltes, 2008; S. Scheibe, A. M. Freund, & P. B. Baltes, 2007). The authors propose that as a compensatory strategy to deal with nonrealizability and loss, life longings may develop out of blocked goals. Individuals would cease to invest behavioral effort into its attainment and instead maintain the goal target in imagination. In a sample of 168 middle-aged childless women, the present study investigated the circumstances under which the wish for children emerges as a goal or life longing and whether the representation of the wish for children as a life longing is beneficial for well-being. The wish for children was expressed as a goal when participants rated this wish as currently intense and attainable. In contrast, it was expressed as a life longing when participants rated it as highly intense and long-standing. The pursuit of the wish for children as a life longing was positively related to well-being only when participants had high control over the experience of this life longing and when other self-regulation strategies (goal adjustment) failed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Scintigraphic diagnosis of cirrhosis: a receiver operator characteristic analysis of the common interpretative criteria

Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) techniques were used to determine relative importance of heterogeneity, bone marrow uptake, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and focal lesions in the scintigraphic diagnosis of cirrhosis, as well as to determine whether each of the criteria should be used as an identifier (high sensitivity) or as a discriminator (high specificity). Heterogeneity, splenomegaly, and bone marrow uptake were found to be good identifiers of hepatic disease. However, heterogeneity was found to be a poor discriminator for cirrhosis, splenomegaly showed some value as a discriminator, and bone marrow uptake was found to be a reliable discriminator for alcoholic liver disease. The presence of focal lesions was a good discriminator for metastatic disease, and was not specific for cirrhosis. Hepatomegaly also was not specific for cirrhosis. This method of analysis provides a relatively simple method for assembling a hierarchical guide to diagnostic criteria for the interpreting physician.     

Barriers to implementing treatment integrity procedures: Survey of treatment outcome researchers.

Treatment integrity refers to implementing interventions as intended. Teatment integrity is critically important for experimental validity and for drawing valid inferences regarding the relationship between treatment and outcome. Yet, it is rarely adequately addressed in psychotherapy research. The authors examined barriers to treatment integrity implementation by surveying psychotherapy researchers. Results indicate that lack of theory and guidelines on treatment integrity procedures, as well as time, cost, and labor constraints, were regarded as strong barriers. The lack of general knowledge about treatment integrity and the lack of editorial requirement for reporting integrity procedures were also perceived as barriers to its implementation. However, psychotherapy researchers indicated awareness of the importance of treatment integrity for the experimental validity of a study and did not regard lack of its appreciation as a barrier for implementing integrity procedures. Further, a higher number of endorsed barriers predicted lower adequacy of treatment integrity procedures in the authors' own research. Recommendations for improving how integrity is addressed include journal and editorial enforcement of treatment integrity implementation, funding for integrity procedures, and provision of specific guidelines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)