’96上半年化工市场趋势

’９６上半年化工市场趋势市场看好的品种硝酸，硫酸，盐酸，液氯，烧碱，铬盐，氰化钠，双氧水，钛白粉，硫酸铜，黄磷，磷酸，三氯化磷，三氯氧磷，炭黑，氯酸钾，亚硝酸钠，一氯甲烷，四氯乙烯，烷基苯，丁二烯，对二甲苯，新戊二醇，三羟甲基丙烷，环氧氯丙烷，冰醋酸...     

380余种化工产品取消出口退税行业影响重大

根据调整目录，从2007年7月1日起，我国约380余种化工产品完全取消了出口退税。所涉及的化工产品包括粗苯，粗甲苯，粗二甲苯，萘，氟，氯，溴，碘，升华、沉淀、胶态硫磺，钠，汞，氯化氢（盐酸），氯磺酸，硫酸，发烟硫酸，红发烟硝酸，五氧化二磷，磷酸及偏磷酸、焦磷酸，硼的氧化物，硼酸，氨，氨水，     

塑料在十三个领域的应用实例

本文介绍了塑料在汽车，情报通信，电子，家电，办公机器，电线电缆，机械部件，船舶，航空宇航，铁道车辆，原子能设备，包装容器，医疗等领域的应用实例。     

巧心为用 寄托遥深——论陶瓷美术艺术手法

陶瓷美术作品的艺术魅力，在于巧用艺术手法，艺术手法大致可分引用，映衬，象征，双关，拟人，夸张，借代，对比，比喻，渲染等类，巧用这些手法，能大大地增强作品的艺术感染力。     

我国精细化工中间体与催化技术的状况

我国精细化学品的分类及催化剂的应用 根据国情和国民经济发展的需要，中国将精细化学品分为农药，染料，涂料，颜料，试剂和高纯物，信息用化学品，食品和饲料添加剂，粘合剂，催化剂和各种助剂，化学药品和日用化学品。高分子聚合物中的功能高分子等11个大类。其中催化剂包括炼油，石油化工，有机化工，精细化工，合成氨，硫酸，环保用催化剂和其它催化剂；助剂包括印染助剂，塑料助剂，橡胶助剂，水处理化学品，纤维抽丝用油剂，有机抽提剂，高分子聚合物添加剂，表面活性剂，皮革化学品，农药用助剂，油田化学品，混凝土外加剂，机械和冶金用助剂，油田添加剂，炭黑，吸附剂，电子化学品，造纸化学品及玻璃防雾剂和乳胶凝固剂等其它助剂。将生产精细化学品的工业称为精细化工。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定地质试样中12种元素

报道了用盐酸，氢氟酸，高氯酸溶样，以稀盐酸为介质，空气－乙烯火焰原子吸收法连续测定地质样品中的Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｒ，Ｌｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｒｂ，Ｋ，Ｎａ，方法简单快速，并讨论了仪器工作条件和主要干扰因素的消除，对于地质标样，测定结果的相对标准偏差不超过５％。     

顺酐生产与市场分析

顺酐又名马来酸酐，化学品称顺丁烯二酸酐，是一种重要的有机化工原料，是仅次于苯酐，醋酐的第三大酸酐，顺酐主要用于生产不饱和聚酯，醇酸树脂，另外还用于农药，涂料，油墨，润滑油添加剂，造纸化学品，纺织品整理剂，表面活性剂等领域，以顺酐为原料可以生产1，4－丁二醇，γ－丁内酯，四氢呋喃，马来酸，富马酸和四氢酸酐等一系列重要的有机化学品和精细化学品。     

2001—2002年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2001年7月到2002年6月有关国外塑料工业的相关期刊资料，介绍了2001年到2002年国外塑料工业的发展情况，提供了世界各地域塑料原材料的产量及构成比，日本，美国，加拿大，德国，法国，比利时，墨西哥，芬兰，西班牙等国家的树脂产量，消费量及增长率，以及日本，西欧，北美等地区的不同品种塑料原料消费量和增长率统计，按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚苯乙烯，聚氯乙烯，ABS树脂），工程塑料（尼龙，聚碳酸酯，聚甲醛，热塑性聚酯，聚苯醚），通用热固性树脂（酚醛，聚氨酯，不饱和树脂，环氧树脂），特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚，液晶聚合物，聚醚醚酮）不同品种的顺序，对树脂的产量，消费量及合成工艺，产品应用开发，树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等有关技术作了详细的介绍。     

氯乙酸母液的回收、处理与利用

本评述及介绍氯乙酸母液回收，处理，利用技术以及得到的有价值的化学产品，这些产品包括氯乙酸，二氯乙酸，乙酸，氯乙酸甲酯，二氯乙酸甲酯，草酸钠，乙醇酸，羧甲基纤维素钠，三氯乙酸，氯仿，巯基乙酸，氮川三乙酸及乙醛酸等十多种。     

大型多功能超细振动磨机在粉体工业中的应用

该系列振动磨机属多用途大型研磨设备，可干法和湿法粉磨，圈流，开流工作，并能与其它设备配套使用。适用于化工，陶瓷，铁磁材料，医药，食品，非金属矿，粉末冶金，橡胶，矿渣，重钙，高硬度脆性材料，硅微粉，粉煤灰，高标号水泥，大型混凝土站超细矿粉掺和料等材料的细磨和超微粉磨。它效率高，能耗低，噪音低，是超细粉加工中不可缺少的设备。     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.     

煤的溶胀处理对药用腐植酸提取的影响研究

以气煤、肥煤、焦煤、瘦煤为样煤,进行了样煤的粉碎、有机溶剂溶胀和硝酸氧化处理,考察了处理后煤样中的药用腐植酸得率。结果表明,吡啶和N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮是溶胀较好的溶剂;样煤粉碎后,随着粒度的减小,煤的溶胀率增加;粒度粉碎至200目的气、肥煤经吡啶溶胀和硝酸氧化后,煤样的药用腐植酸得率可达到73.0%和71.4%,而经甲醇溶胀和硝酸氧化的200目气煤药用腐植酸得率为56.4%和58.4%。实验结果表明,煤样经过溶胀和硝酸氧化处理,对药用腐植酸的提取有促进作用。     

转子挤压组合凹模的应力分析

组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题，对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析，为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。     

Effect of the density of the electronic states at the valence orbital of the bridge redox molecule on the dependence of the tunnel current on the overvoltage in the case of fully adiabatic electron transition

Effect of the density of the electronic states at the valence orbital of the bridge redox molecule on the dependence of the tunnel current on the overvoltage and on the width at half maximum of the current-overvoltage curve is studied. A number of the approximate expressions for the density of states, the tunnel current and the width are obtained in the fully adiabatic limit for different particular cases. It is shown that at small values of the coupling of the electronic levels of the electrodes with the valence orbital of the redox molecule and the small values of the bias voltage two regions of the reorganization Gibbs energy exist with different dependence of the width on the reorganization Gibbs energy. The results of calculations of the density of states, the tunnel current and the width are presented and used for the interpretation of the experimental data [N.G. Tao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 4066, I. Visoly-Fisher, K. Daie, Y. Terazono, C. Herrero, F. Fungo, L. Otero, E. Durantini, J.J. Silber, L. Sereno, D. Gust, T.A. Moore, A.L. Moore, S.M. Lindsay, PNAS 103 (2006) 8686].