外拱内壁局部减薄弯管极限内压有限元分析

采用有限元分析法对内压作用下外拱内壁局部减薄弯管的极限载荷进行研究.计算结果与外拱外壁弯管试验及有限元计算结果进行比较表明,外拱内壁局部减薄弯管极限内压较外拱外壁局部减薄弯管极限内压偏低.由有限元计算结果数据拟合出了外拱内壁局部减薄弯管塑性极限内压的计算公式.     

多气泡对燃料颗粒应力分布的影响研究

利用有限元模拟方法建立了UO2弥散型燃料颗粒受内部多个气泡内压作用的模型,计算得到了燃料颗粒内部存在多个气泡时的应力分布结果。结果表明,当气泡沿x轴均匀排列时,y方向的最大正应力随气泡数量的增多而增大,且增大幅度逐渐减小,气泡对燃料颗粒内部最大正应力的影响存在极限;当存在多行气泡时,燃料颗粒内部x方向的最大正应力随气泡行数的增加而增大,y方向的最大正应力随气泡行数的增加而减小;气泡造成的燃料颗粒内部的应力集中效应随距径比的增大而减小。     

由初始几何缺陷引起的薄壁压力容器在内压作用下的局部非线性屈曲

采用非线性有限元法,分析了由初始几何缺陷引起的薄壁压力容器在内压作用下封头过渡区的局部弹塑性屈曲。首先计算了考虑材料弹塑性的薄壁压力容器在内压作用下的静力分析。计算分析发现,容器的简体与球壳的局部过渡段区域在内压作用下向内瘪进。其表现形式同外压作用类似,因此在该过渡区域内会出现内压失稳。然后分别考虑了2种初始几何缺陷：①在该局部过渡区域内引入初始位移缺陷;②在该局部过渡区域内引入非均匀的容器厚度缺陷。采用由位移控制的修正Riks／Ranun方法计算载荷．变形情况,从而分析屈曲载荷和屈曲形态。发生屈曲后继续加载。在压力容器过渡区内,屈曲区域将逐渐增加,即出现多处皱褶。分析结果同试验相吻合。     

核电厂设备闸门外压极限承载特性研究

采用有限元分析方法对设备闸门外压极限承载特性进行研究。在ANSYS程序中建立参数化计算模型,通过非线性屈曲分析得到设备闸门封头的外压极限载荷。计算结果与经验公式结果相近,验证了有限元分析方法的可靠有效性。对影响外压极限承载特性的设计参数进行了敏感性研究,总结出其影响变化规律。优化设计示例表明该研究方法具有实用性,可为设备闸门的结构设计提供优化方案。      

反应堆压力容器接管边缘应力区局部减薄处应力强度特征

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对反应堆压力容器接管边缘应力区应力强度进行了模拟分析.给出了接管边缘应力区简体的薄膜应力强度、薄膜 弯曲应力强度以及减薄区应力集中系数随减薄区尺寸大小及其位置等因素的变化规律.分析得出:最大薄膜应力强度随着减薄区长半轴的增大呈外凸形增大,随着减薄区深度的增大呈直线形增大,随着减薄区离不连续区距离的增大呈内凹形减小;最大薄膜 弯曲应力强度随着减薄区长半轴的增大基本保持不变,随着减薄区深度的增大呈直线形增大,随着减薄区离不连续区距离的增大呈内凹形减小;应力集中系数随着减薄区长半轴的增大呈内凹形减小,随着减薄区深度的增大呈直线形增大,随着减薄区离不连续区距离的增大呈内凹形减小.     

高燃耗陶瓷燃料颗粒的参数化建模及强度分析

弥散燃料芯体中的陶瓷燃料颗粒在辐照条件下会形成裂变气孔,燃料颗粒内部气孔间的相互干涉作用及气孔内压的增长致使局部拉应力超过材料强度极限,进而导致燃料颗粒开裂。本文考虑高燃耗燃料颗粒内气孔尺寸和位置分布的非均匀性,实现了颗粒内部的细观结构参数化建模。运用有限元方法计算并分析了气孔尺寸、基体约束压应力、温度和气孔分布方式对颗粒内部最大拉应力的影响,研究了颗粒内开裂危险区的分布规律。结果表明,陶瓷燃料颗粒最大拉应力随气孔尺寸和温度的增加而增大,随基体约束压应力的增加而减小;燃料相的断裂强度减小,开裂危险区面积增大;燃料颗粒从内部多处开裂破坏,而表层处开裂的概率更大。本文为弥散燃料失效研究及优化设计提供了分析方法及数值参考。     

考虑预应力损失影响的安全壳安全性能研究

预应力损失对安全壳在内压作用下的安全性能影响不可忽略，本文通过考虑安全壳不同龄期下的预应力损失来研究安全壳在设计基准期内40年及设计基准期后60年不同内压水平作用下的安全性能。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了精细化安全壳三维有限元分析模型，通过非线性有限元方法分析了钢衬里屈服、预应力筋屈服、混凝土裂缝演化等性能指标。研究结果表明，考虑预应力损失后，安全壳混凝土开裂与钢衬里失效时，所能承受的内压荷载减小；安全壳在极限内压作用下的变形表现为穹顶向外膨胀以及洞口向内收缩；安全壳穹顶部分在极限内压下破坏严重；考虑预应力损失后，安全壳变形明显增大。但安全壳在设计内压(0.4 MPa)作用下仍有足够的安全裕度。     

管道弯管区裂纹的断裂力学参数KJ计算研究

弯管作为核电站管系中重要的组成部分,其压力边界的完整性直接影响到核电站的可靠运行。因此,对含缺陷的弯管区进行相应的分析来评价其是否满足安全性要求很有必要。分析评价用到的主要断裂力学参数是应力强度因子K和J积分。针对管道弯管区断裂力学计算中最为关键的复杂的有限元网格模型,本文提出了一种程序化、分块化的快速的三维建模流程,并给出了其在内压和弯矩作用下的应力强度因子K和J积分计算分析的实例。研究表明,分块化的建模思想可以较为快速地解决管道弯管区断裂力学计算中复杂的建模问题,也可以为建立其他含裂纹的结构有限元模型并进行断裂力学参数KJ计算积累经验。     

百万千瓦级核电厂安全壳结构设计与试验研究

通过建立符合先进核电厂安全壳结构特点的线性和非线性有限元分析模型,得出合理的安全壳预应力张拉顺序,计算出安全壳在设计事故内压、严重事故内压状态下的工作生能及其极限承载能力,并与110的大比例尺结构模型试验结果相互比较,取得一致的结论先进核电厂安全壳符合国际上极限承载力≥25倍设计内压的合格标准.从而验证了先进核电厂安全壳概念设计的合理性.     

加减速流条件下棒束通道阻力特性研究

压水反应堆的启动、停堆、事故等多种工况会使反应堆堆芯内部冷却剂产生加减速流,影响反应堆的热工水力特性。在雷诺数（Re）700相似文献   

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.