Microstructural study of titanium carbide coating on cemented carbide

Titanium carbide coating layers on cemented carbide substrates have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Microstructural variations within the typically 5m thick chemical vapour deposited TiC coatings were found to vary with deposit thickness such that a layer structure could be delineated. Close to the interface further microstructural inhomogeneities were obsered, there being a clear dependence of TiC deposition mechanism on the chemical and crystallographic nature of the upper layers of the multiphase substrate.     

Laser surface melting of mild steel with submicronic titanium carbide powders

Surface alloys are of great interest for improving the mechanical and/or chemical properties of the near-surface region of metallic materials. A new method is described to produce surface alloys under laser irradiation using submicronic powders suspended in a polymeric mixture. By this process, Fe-TiC composite surface alloys were achieved on mild steel; they exhibited increased hardness, the value of which may be varied by controlling the TiC fraction incorporated.     

304不锈钢激光原位合成自润滑涂层的宽温域摩擦学性能

由于304不锈钢在中、高温下摩擦学性能较差,制约了其在重要摩擦运动副零部件上的应用。为改善304不锈钢的摩擦学性能,以Ni60粉末为增韧相,WS2为合成润滑相的前驱化合物,TiC为高硬度耐磨相,采用高能激光束在其表面原位合成自润滑耐磨复合涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机和探针式材料表面磨痕测量仪表征涂层和基体的物相、微观结构、显微硬度与表面形貌,并系统研究涂层和基体在20,300,600,800℃下的摩擦学性能及其磨损机理。结果表明:涂层主要由Cr0.19Fe0.7Ni0.11,Ti2SC,Fe2C,Cr7C3,CrS和WS2组成;涂层的平均显微硬度(302.0HV0.5)略高于基体(257.2HV0.5),但涂层上部区域的硬度(425.4HV0.5)约为基体的1.65倍;涂层在所有等温摩擦学实验中摩擦因数和磨损率均低于基体,300℃时涂层润滑效果最好,摩擦因数为0.3031,600℃时涂层耐磨效果最好,磨损率为9.699×10^-5 mm^3·N^-1·m^-1。     

Laser surface alloying of case hardening steel with tungsten carbide and carbon

Abstract

The laser surface alloying process was used to introduce two different alloying materials, tungsten carbide (WC/Co) and carbon, into the molten surface of a case hardening steel (16MnCrS5), to improve its hardness and wear resistance. The chemical composition and the resulting microstructure in the alloyed layers were of particular interest in this investigation, because the strengthening mechanism was strongly dependent upon the type and amount of the alloy material. For laser alloying with carbon the increase in hardness and wear resistance was based on the martensitic transformation in the composition range concerned. For alloying with tungsten carbide it was necessary to consider two different strengthening mechanisms, namely, martensitic transformation and precipitation of carbides. In both cases the grain refinement in the laser affected zone had an additional effect. Resistance to dry abrasive sliding wear was measured using a conventional pin-on-disc wear testing machine. For both alloy materials the wear rate was substantially lower than that of a substrate that had been laser remelted without alloying additions.

MST/1556     

An antiemission coating based on zirconium carbide

The main requirement for the formation of an antiemission coating of intermetallic Pt₃Zr compound is the presence of a buffer layer of stoichiometric zirconium carbide (ZrC) that can be formed with the aid a vacuum-arc plasma source. It is shown that ZrC layer can be obtained through vacuum annealing of a multilayer film comprising nanolayers of zirconium (Zr), nonstoichiometric zirconium carbide (ZrC_{1 ? x} ), and zirconium carbide with excess carbon (ZrC + C) sequentially deposited from vacuum-arc-discharge plasma.     

铜合金表面激光诱导原位反应制备颗粒增强Co基复合合金涂层

以含有定量纳米Al粉的Co基新型合金为涂层的原材料,在Cu-Cr合金表面利用Nd:YAG固体激光器诱导原位反应制备陶瓷相增强Co基复合涂层。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和显微硬度等分析技术,对所制备样品涂层的结构和形成机制进行了研究。结果表明:通过激光诱导原位反应,在铜合金表面制备出了组织细小、界面呈冶金结合的陶瓷相增强Co基涂层;涂层的显微硬度由基体表面显微硬度HV87提高到HV426;纳米Al粉的加入为激光诱导原位反应制备Co基涂层提供内部热源,弥补了铜合金基体因导热快而带来的能量损失,充分诱导涂层内的物质发生化学反应,有利于Co基复合涂层的形成;涂层中原位生成的陶瓷相直径小于2.0 μm,弥散分布在涂层中起到骨骼强化作用。      

碳化硅多孔陶瓷支撑体表面涂层研究

采用悬浮粒子浸浆法对碳化硅多孔陶瓷支撑体表面进行氧化铝涂层研究,探讨了支撑体的孔径、表面粗糙度以及支撑体与膜的匹配性对涂层完整性的影响;考察了涂层前后对气体渗透通量的影响.用SEM分别观察了涂层的表面和断面形貌.结果表明,支撑体孔径分布窄、孔径与悬浮粒子大小相匹配,支撑体表面平整光洁,且与膜的性质匹配时,可获得完整无开裂的涂层.     

TiC/Cr18Ni8不锈钢钢结硬质合金原位反应合成研究

以钛铁粉、铬铁粉、铁粉、镍粉和胶体石墨等为原料,原位反应合成了TiC/不锈钢钢结硬质合金,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射等对烧结试样进行了组织结构分析.结果表明:钢结硬质合金主要相组成为TiC和Fe-Cr-Ni固熔体,TiC颗粒细小,形状规则,最大约3μm,大部分在1μm以下;随烧结温度的升高,钢结硬质合金的孔隙度减小,密度和硬度升高,但TiC颗粒略有长大.在相同烧结条件下,C/Ti原子比为0.9的钢结硬质合金的密度和硬度比C/Ti原子比为1.0的钢结硬质合金高,所合成的TiC颗粒更细小,分布更均匀.     

激光熔覆Fe基合金涂层强化H13热作模具钢

为了解决H13热作模具钢在锻模和热挤压模等领域因发生脱模剂腐蚀而失效的问题,本文通过引入激光熔覆技术来探究Fe基合金粉末对H13钢综合性能的强化效果,并系统研究了扫描速度、搭接率和熔覆层数对涂层的相位组成和显微组织的影响,详细分析了涂层的截面显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能的变化规律.研究表明:涂层主要由α-Fe、γ-Fe、M23...     

聚碳硅烷先驱体转化法制备SiC涂层研究

以自合成的聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)为原料,常压裂解合成聚碳硅烷(PCS),通过FT-IR分析PCS的结构,用GPC测定其分子量及分布,用熔点分析仪测定其熔点.在此基础上,采用聚碳硅烷先驱体转化法在石墨基体上制备SiC涂层,通过X射线衍射对涂层进行晶相分析,用扫描电镜分析涂层表面和横断面的形貌.结果表明,在石墨基体上形成了明显的β-SiC晶相,可以获得均匀、致密的SiC涂层,其厚度可通过涂层次数的改变进行调节,单次涂层最大厚度大约为2μm.     

Chromium carbide laser-beam surface-alloying treatment on stainless steel

In order to improve the resistance to wear, oxidation and corrosion of a stainless steel die, chromium carbide surface-alloying treatment was carried out on a 12 % Cr stainless steel using a CO₂ laser. Cr₃C₂ powder slurry was coated on the stainless steel and then a 3 kW CO₂ laser beam was used to irradiate the specimen. The thickness of surface-alloyed layer was about 0.3 mm and the chromium concentration was about 40 % throughout the alloyed-region. Large amounts of Cr₃C₂ and Cr₇C₃ were also distributed in this alloyed layer. From the results of the isothermal oxidation test at 960 °C for 100 h, it was found that the surface-alloying treatment improved the oxidation resistance by about 100 times due to the distribution of chromium carbides and the increase in the chromium concentration. The results of the cyclic oxidation test revealed that the oxidation layer was very stable on the chromium carbide surface-alloyed region, while it scaled off very easily from the substrate region due to porous oxidation products. The microhardness was about 1100 H_v due to the dispersion and precipitation of chromium carbides in addition to the martensitic structure in the surface-alloyed region. The microhardness did not decrease much, despite heating at 960 °C for 100 h. The chromium carbide surface-alloying treatment improved the wear-resistance greatly, and the results of the wear-resistance test were very consistent with those of the microhardness test.     

Control of surface morphology of carbide coating on Co-Cr-Mo implant alloy

Wear of materials used in artificial joints is a common failure mode of artificial joints. A low wear rate for implants is believed to be critical for extending implant service time. We developed a carbide-coated Co-Cr-Mo implant alloy created in plasma of methane and hydrogen mixed gas by a microwave plasma-assisted surface reaction. The carbide-coated Co-Cr-Mo has a unique “brain coral-like” surface morphology and is much harder than uncoated Co-Cr-Mo. The effect of plasma processing time and temperature on the surface morphology of the top carbide layer was studied toward optimizing the surface coating. The ratios of average roughness, R_a, core roughness, R_k, and summation of core roughness, reduced peak height (R_pk) and reduced valley depth (R_vk), R_k+ R_pk+ R_vk, for the 6-h/985 ^∘C coating to those for the 0.5-h/985 ^∘C coating were 1.9, 1.7, and 1.9, respectively. The ratios of R_a, R_k, and R_k+ R_pk+ R_vk for the 4-h/1000 ^∘C coating to those for the 4-h/939 ^∘C coating were 2.3, 2.3, and 2.0, respectively. With the proper combination of plasma processing time and temperature, it may be possible to change the thickness of the peak-valley top cluster by fourfold from ∼ 0.6 μ m to ∼ 2.5 μ m. Finally, the growth mechanism of the carbide layers on Co-Cr-Mo was discussed in the context of atomic composition analysis.     

Selective,low-temperature synthesis of niobium carbide and a mixed (niobium/tungsten) carbide from metal oxide-polyacrylonitrile composites by carbothermal reduction

Composites of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with the layered oxides (C₆H₁₃NH₃)Nb₃O₈, (C₈H₁₇NH₃)Nb₃O₈ and -(C₆H₁₃NH₃)NbWO₆ undergo carbothermal reduction in an argon atmosphere at 1000 °C to give the cubic carbides NbC_x and (Nb, W)C_x, respectively. Reduction of the Nb₃O₈/PAN composites to NbC_x proceeds via the formation of tetragonal NbO₂, with no other intermediates being detected. Formation of NbC_x begins at 800 °C but is not complete until 1000 °C. The resultant carbide appears in a highly porous form in admixture with approximately 50% wt/wt amorphous carbon. The carbide content, x, of cubic NbC_x increases with heating time (at 1000 °C) as expected. Values of x ranging from 0.69–0.95 have been observed. The cubic mixed carbide, (Nb, W) C_x, is formed similarly from the -NbWO₆ system via an alkylammonium form in the presence of PAN, although progressive separation into cubic NbC_x and hexagonal WC_x occurs at temperatures above 1000 °C. The -NbWO₆ system does not form a well-defined alkylammonium salt; instead a mixture of -HNbWO₆ with PAN gives rise to a very poorly crystalline (Nb, W) carbide on reduction. In all cases, both a layered oxide and PAN are necessary to form the pure carbides at 1000 °C. The oxide/PAN composites appear to be intimate physical mixtures rather than ordered layered nanocomposites.     

Plasmachemical synthesis of titanium carbide on copper substrates

The properties of coatings synthesized using titanium deposition from metal plasma generated by vacuum-arc discharge in benzene vapor have been studied. The plasma composition, as well as the composition and structure of titanium carbide coatings formed on copper substrates, have been determined. Questions pertaining to the process the penetration of plasma into a cylindrical cavity are considered. We discuss how the titanium-carbide coating is formed on the anodes of the oscillator tubes.     

SDC99钢盐浴碳化钒覆层生长动力学及其摩擦磨损性能的研究

本文研究了SDC99钢TD法盐浴渗钒在不同温度,不同时间下的覆层厚度,建立了覆层生长动力学模型,并以Cr12MoV和T10钢作为对比试样,表明基体中的固溶碳含量控制覆层厚度及生长速率.覆层的力学性能测试结果显示,经TD渗钒后材料表层的硬度超过24 GPa,较渗钒前提高了约4倍,且耐磨损性能得到大幅度提高.     

Surface coating on steel by pressure friction

Abstract

A new technique of surface coating on steels by pressure friction has been developed. The result shows that the thickness of surface coating layers on SAE1045 steel depends on pressure and friction time. When the pressure is less than 10 MPa, the temperature on the friction interface is lower than the melting point of the coating alloy and no coating layer is built. If the pressure is higher than 20 MPa, the coating alloy flows off the interface, and thus the thickness of the coating layer decreases. The necessary friction time to melt the coating alloy is ~10 s. If the friction time is longer than 20 s, a similar case of high pressure takes place, i.e. the coating melt also flows off the interface.     

Tribological behaviour of mechanically synthesized titanium-boron carbide nanostructured coating

In this paper, titanium-boron carbide (Ti/B4C) nanocomposite coatings with different B4C nanoparticles contents were fabricated by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) method by using B4C nanoparticles with average nanoparticle size of 40 nm. The characteristics of the nanopowder and coatings were evaluated by microhardness test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Friction and wear performances of nanocomposite coatings and pure titanium substrate were comparatively investigated, with the effect of the boron carbide content on the friction and wear behaviours to be emphasized. The results show the microhardness, friction and wear behaviours of nanocomposite coatings are closely related with boron carbide nanoparticle content. Nanocomposite coating with low B4C content shows somewhat (slight) increased microhardness and wear resistance than pure titanium substrate, while nanocomposite coating with high B4C content has much better (sharp increase) wear resistance than pure titanium substrate. The effect of B4C nanoparticles on microhardness and wear resistance was discussed.     

Application of mechano-chemical synthesis for protective coating on steel grinding media prior to ball milling of copper

One of the major sources of contamination during mechanical milling/alloying is from the surface erosion of the container and the grinding medium. This can either be prevented by using grinding medium and container of same material of the milled material or by adding a coating of the milled material on them. The paper describes the observations made during a mechano-chemical reaction, being used for coating the balls and vials in a planetary ball mill. Visual observation, XRD, optical micrography and EDS analysis were used to understand the progress of the reaction. Copper was successfully coated on the steel balls and vials. The method can easily be adopted in daily production purposes, prior to mechanical milling of a Cu-based powder for prevention of Fe contamination.     

Effect of multilayer coating on mechanical properties of Nicalon-fibre-reinforced silicon carbide composites

Nicalon-fibre-reinforced SiC composites were fabricated by combining polymer solution infiltration (PSI) and chemical vapour infiltration (CVI). Effect of multilayer coating on mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The coatings consisted of chemically vapour deposited (CVD) C and SiC and were designed to enhance fibre pull-out in the composites. It was found that the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were increased with the number of coating layers and was a maximum for 7 coating layers which consisted of C/SiC/C/SiC/C/SiC/C. Typical flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were 300 MPa and 14.5 MPa m^1/2, respectively.