市场营销中的商品包装定位

商品包装在现代市场营销活动中的重要性越来越令人瞩目。该文从营销的角度对商品包装的材质、造型、文字、色彩等的定位进行了详细的论述,意在说明商品包装定位对消费者的购买心理和行为有着较大的影响,这是在竞争激烈的商战中,每个商家必须面对和考虑的问题。     

商品包装中的心理要求

本文从论述商品包装功能入手,探讨了商品包装设计中的心理要求。     

浅谈包装和广告

营销应注意很多关键方面,商品的包装和商品广告语言的暗示在营销中也表现出重要作用。本文浅谈构成商品包装的诸多视觉要素在直接吸引买家方面产生的作用以及商品广告的设计对间接收揽客源方面产生的一系列作用。好的包装和广告设计除了要解决设计中的基本原则外,还要着重研究消费心理,符合消费者心理需求,才能使该产品从同类商品中脱颖而出,达到预期的效果。     

论女性群体的消费心理与商品包装：市场经济与商品包装系列谈之三

女性消费者群,是以按性别来区分的男女消费者群之一,在本刊上期发表的拙文对不同年龄的消费者群的消费心理与商品包装进行探讨之后,之所以还要对女性消费者群的消费心理与商品包装再进行探讨,是因为女性消费者群在市场上的购物活动中,有着特别重要的影响和作用。因此,作为促销手段的商品包装,应该极仔细     

包装色彩的鲜艳度及其在商品营销中的作用

分析了商品包装设计中色彩的重要性,并结合色彩自身所具备的视觉和心理效应,以及对人的情感和心灵的影响,论述了运用鲜艳浓重的色彩的商品包装在商品的营销中的作用与价值。进而分析了鲜艳的色彩可以提升商品的被关注度、可以加大商品与消费者之间的情感沟通等问题。提出了只有在商品包装设计上更加强调色彩的视觉传播效力,才会使商品包装真正发挥出促进商品销售的作用。     

论商品包装与消费心理

从商品包装的心理功能、心理策略、消费者的心理要求等方面,论述消费心理对包装设计的重要性.从而提高包装设计在色彩、造型、材料工艺等方面的正确定位.应用好消费心理将成为商品生产、包装、销售的重要策略.     

消费心理与包装设计策略

包装设计与消费心理联系十分密切,在现代时尚的消费观念下,消费者不仅注重商品的物质价值,同样也追求商品的精神价值,同时商品包装在消费领域的自我服务增强,商品包装已经成为＂无声的销售员＂。本文简述了包装设计与消费心理的关系,提出了如何迎合消费者的心理需求进行包装设计,包装设计师应以分析消费者购买动机的心理为基础,提升包装设计的策略。     

“中国红”元素在现代商品包装设计中的应用

通过分析"中国红"的色彩含义和文化内涵,并结合几个典型实例论述了"中国红"这一传统色彩元素在现代商品包装设计的应用中体现的视觉心理效应,感观心理效应,情感诉求以及民族情结等问题,在此基础上,通过论证色彩与效应在包装设计的相互关系,进而分析了"中国红"的传达功能在商品包装设计过程中发挥着不可替代的作用,深深影响着商品包装设计的发展,来探讨传统色彩文化在现代商品包装设计中的应用和发展。     

现代商品的人性化包装设计

针对现实包装中存在的误区,根据消费者的心理需求,提出了满足现代消费心理的人性化包装设计思想,并具体讨论了现代商品的人性化包装设计的基本原则和具体措施.     

商品包装的传统文化元素与企业营销力的提升

通过分析经济"全球化"趋势影响下,商品同质化现象日益严重,大多数消费者根据商品包装和装潢进行购买决策的现状,结合现阶段消费者的情感回归心理,论述了在包装图形、色彩、字体和材料上注入传统文化元素打造商品的视觉冲击力、突出商品的个性化、提升商品的附加值和体现以人为本精神等观点,论证了在包装中合理注入传统文化元素,能强化包装与消费者的沟通功能,赋予商品独特的内涵,增强企业营销力,更有效地提升企业的核心竞争力.     

包装设计与消费心理认识

包装设计中的视觉表象来识别商品的属性，与抽象的概念说服相比较，前者更易识别易记。包装设计要解决的中心问题是引导消费者理解新的生活方式，让购买者的行为及心理认识得到提升，并根据人类各阶层的心理需求来制定包装销售战略，这是企业制定商品消费策略的一个重要组成部分。如何正确地选择目标市场，迎合消费者心理需求，是设计师首先要做的重要工作。消费者的购买行为既包括他们的生理和物质需求，也要满足其精神层面的需求，如购买菜、奶粉、服装、鞋帽等物品，基本上是为了满足温饱、营养等生理需求，而购买书籍、杂志、电视机、DVD等则是为了满足精神上的需求。     

Impact of packaging properties on the physical-chemical-microbiological-sensory characteristics of Ricotta cheese during storage

Ricotta is a highly perishable cheese of which shelf-life is strongly influenced by the properties of packages in which it is stored. Four plastic packages currently in use in Italy (IT), Romania (RO), Slovenia (SLO), and Spain (SP) are characterized in term of structure, barrier, and antimicrobial properties, and their efficiency in the ricotta storage at 4°C is assessed. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicate that the IT and SP packages are made of low-density polyethylene and the RO and SLO packages consist of polyethylene and polyamide 6. Permeability to the water vapour and oxygen transmission rate vary as follows: IT>SLO > RO > SP and SP > IT>RO > SLO, respectively. The SP package expressed the highest antimicrobial inhibition whilst the IT package the lowest. The maximum amounts of volatile compounds in cheese were reached after 3 days in the IT and SP packages and after 6 days in the SLO and RO packages. The score 2.8 for cheese overall acceptability was exceeded after 7 days in the IT, RO, and SP packages and 6 days in the SLO package. Barrier properties of packages significantly influence the shelf-life of ricotta. Low barrier properties resulted in high level of oxygen and water vapours inside the headspace of packages ultimately favour the microbial development. The simultaneous compliance of microbiological safety level and overall acceptability score gives ricotta a shelf-life of 3 days in the IT, RO, and SP packages and 1 day in the SLO package.     

Effect of Polyethylene Packaging Modified with Silver Particles on the Microbial,Sensory and Appearance of Dried Barberry

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) packages containing submicrometre‐sized silver particles (Ag‐LDPE) were produced by extrusion method and used as packaging material for barberry packaging. The effects of Ag‐LDPE packages on the microbial factors, apparent color and sensory factors of dried barberry were investigated in comparison with the pure polystyrene packages. Ag‐LDPE packages showed antimicrobial effects on barberry compared with pure polystyrene packages. In comparison with pure polystyrene packages, Ag‐LDPE film with 2 weight percent (wt%) of silver particles revealed antimicrobial activity against mold and total bacteria count of approximately 2.3 and 2.84 log₁₀ reductions in colony‐forming units, respectively. Ag‐LDPE packages in concentration of more than 1 wt% of silver particles preserved the appearance quality of the barberry better than pure polystyrene packages. The barberries packaged in Ag‐LDPE film with 1 wt% of silver particles retained their red color and brightness for approximately 2 to 3 weeks more than barberries packaged in pure polystyrene films. Ag‐LDPE packages assisted in the improvement of aroma, taste and total acceptance of barberry in comparison with pure polystyrene packages except in the low concentration of silver particles of approximately 0.02 wt%. The taste, aroma, appearance and also total acceptance of barberries packaged in Ag‐LDPE film with 1 wt% silver particles were preserved for approximately 2 to 3, 1 to 4, 2 to 5 and 2 to 4 weeks, respectively, more than barberries packaged in pure polystyrene films. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Leakage analysis of packages by the electrolytic test

The microhole tester is a new laboratory instrument for detection of leakage in packages. The instrument is based on electrolytic conductance measurement using direct current and it quantifies the summarized hole size in a package. In this study the reliability and validity of the microhole tester have been evaluated by testing different kinds of aseptic, retorted and gas flushed packages containing both solid and viscous products. In the case of gas flushed packages filled with a solid food product the instrument detected 100% of the leaking packages with artificially made microholes with diameters of 7–356 μm after emptying the packages of food. Retorting tended to block the holes with food and lowered the sensitivity. In the case of retorted packages with viscous food the microhole tester reliably detected hole sizes larger than 25 μm. Adding a surface active agent, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), to the retorted packages with totally blocked holes greatly improved the reliability of the instrument and reduced the testing time. The percentage of detected packages with totally blocked microholes with diameters between 30 and 60 μm was improved from 10–55% without PEO to 83–100% with PEO added to the package. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于仿生结构的吸顶灯电商包装设计

目的 设计大型吸顶灯电商缓冲包装,改变家用吸顶灯电商包装防护能力不足以及结构形式单一的现状,提升消费者的购买体验和品牌价值。方法 使用瓦楞纸板替代EPE缓冲材料,构造“蜂窝正六边形”仿生缓冲结构,提出无盖式与罩盖式2种设计方案。结果 与原包装比较,2款瓦楞纸板缓冲包装的抗压强度分别提高了80.8%与111.2%,快速封拆结构赋予消费者一步操作即可取用产品的便利性,解决了原有包装材料的环境非友好性、用户体验差等问题。结论 2种方案均采用瓦楞纸板仿生缓冲结构设计,不仅提高了包装对灯具的保护性能,而且提升了包装开启的便利性,为大型易碎类商品的电商包装提供了可借鉴的解决方案。     

基于RL-MIS的废旧包装逆向回收过程的DP模型

目的研究动态回收环境下,如何确定使利润最大化的废弃包装回收量和回收价格,以及RL-MIS在废旧包装回收过程中的优化问题。方法以RL-MIS为基础,从动态规划(DP)的角度研究回收量、回收价格与各参数之间的关系,构建新的废旧包装动态回收过程DP模型;根据Database提供的历史数据求得供给曲线方程作为验证方程,检验该动态回收模型的运行结果。结果算例结果得到某种材料的废旧包装的每日最佳回收量为263.7 t,最佳回收价格为590.8元/t。结论结合动态模拟结果,表明该模型可在动态回收环境下模拟获得废旧包装回收量与回收价格的最佳解集。说明合理运用该DP模型可以有效提高废旧包装回收收益,并降低回收成本。     

Predicting changes in oxygen concentration in the headspace of nitrogen flushed packages by the ambient oxygen ingress rate method

The ambient oxygen ingress rate (AOIR) method is an alternative/supplementary method to Ox‐Tran for measuring the oxygen transmission rates of packages. The AOIR method facilitates high‐capacity testing of packages under realistic food storage conditions, on the one hand, and on the other hand provides the possibility to predict the oxygen concentration over time in packages flushed with nitrogen at the time of packaging. The predicted oxygen concentration values showed good agreement with experimental values for flexible packages stored over a period of 91 days at 23°C and 38°C. The prediction of the oxygen concentration in­nitrogen‐flushed packages may be a useful tool, e.g. in shelf life studies, in the selection of the optimal food package as regards to oxygen protection and within quality control purposes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

LED Lighting Configurations for Visual Inspection of IC Packages

This article discusses configurations of light-emitting diode (LED) light sources for visual inspection of integrated circuit (IC) packages. A package visual inspection (PVI) system with multiple LED light sources used for inspection of IC packages was designed. The image contrast changes of the sample IC packages are explained using the Torrance-Sparrow (TS) model. A few conclusions on appropriate lighting configurations for inspection of various IC packages are achieved. The TS model can be used to represent the specular lobe component. The contrast between two surfaces with different surface roughness values increases with increasing θ_i (incident light angle). Lighting C (θ_i = 75°) is recommended for packages with high surface roughness heights and resin materials. Lighting B (θ_i = 60°) is recommended for packages with moderate surface roughness heights and metal materials. If the background is white, the use of light sources A (θ_i = 15°) and B simultaneously is recommended. Light sources A and C are recommended to be chosen for packages with low surface roughness values and transparent materials. The experimental results with the actual gray-level values of the images are compared to support the conclusions. The PVI system is part of an inspection machine. All images of the sample IC packages reported in this article were obtained from an actual production line. Therefore, the results are close to those of the actual inspection situation in the manufacturing industry.     

Oxygen transmission rates of packages at ambient,chill and freezing temperatures measured by the AOIR method

The ambient oxygen ingress rate (AOIR) method is an alternative or supplementary method to Ox‐Tran for measuring the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of packages. The method has high capacity, requires relatively inexpensive equipment and measures OTR at different temperatures and humidity conditions. The aim of this study was, on the one hand, to study the effect of temperature on the OTR for packages produced from different polymer materials and laminates, and on the other hand to evaluate the suitability of the AOIR method at freezing temperature conditions. The OTR for 10 packages with different polymer compositions was measured at 23°C, 6°C and ?25°C. The AOIR method was shown to be a reliable test method for measuring OTR of packages at all the applied test conditions, also at frozen storage temperature. The OTR for the packages decreased with lower temperatures, especially for the packages with the highest OTR values at 23°C. In order to avoid higher packaging expenses than necessary to obtain the required shelf‐life for different food products, the OTR for alternative packages should be measured at the temperature and humidity conditions of intended use. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

快递包装回收法律责任主体研究

随着电子商务的迅猛发展,越来越多的快递包装给环境带来了日益严峻的挑战。为适应时代的发展,2020年4月修订的《固体废物污染环境防治法》增加了对快递包装废物的规制,明确要求快递行业、电商平台要对快递包装进行回收。然而遗憾的是该法对于其他的快递包装活动参与者是否也应承担快递包装回收的主体责任并没有做出明确规定。本文分析了现行法律法规在界定快递包装回收责任主体方面存在的主要法律问题,并依据污染者责任承担理论、生产者责任延伸理论及公共信托理论,对消费者、快递包装生产企业以及政府职能部门在快递包装回收中承担主体责任进行了论证,提出了共同但有区别的快递包装回收责任承担模式。