D-T快中子治疗准直屏蔽体设计及中子特性模拟

设计了一个用于D-T快中子治疗的准直屏蔽体,通过D-T中子在准直屏蔽体中的MCNP模拟,计算了屏蔽体外透射中子和透射光子在水中的吸收剂量,由此评价了准直屏蔽体的屏蔽效果。利用MCNP程序,模拟了准直中子束及中子束中的γ射线在源皮距(SSD)100cm处的能谱,计算了γ射线与中子束在水中吸收剂量的比值,对准直中子束中γ射线的污染水平进行了评价。完成了准直中子束在人体组织等效水箱中输运的MCNP模拟,给出了吸收剂量深度分布、吸收剂量横向分布和吸收剂量等剂量曲线。     

D-T快中子照相准直屏蔽体设计及中子束特性的模拟研究

设计一个用于氘氚(D-T)快中子照相的准直屏蔽体系统,对D-T中子发生器快中子在准直屏蔽体材料中输运的MCNP模拟研究,给出准直中子束的中子能谱、注量率及均匀性、γ射线能谱和γ射线注量率等重要参数.模拟结果显示,用D-T中子发生器中子源和合理的准直屏蔽体系统可得到快中子照相所需的准直快中子束.     

9Be(d,n)加速器中子源中子照相的研究

加速器中子源比反应堆中子源更具灵活性,北京大学正在发展基于RFQ加速器的小型中子照相装置.为了更好地设计和优化此装置,实现高品质的中子照相,我们在北京大学4.5 MV静电加速器上建立了中子照相实验平台,包括科学级制冷、高灵敏度、低噪声的CCD数字成像系统,模拟基于厚铍靶9Be(d,n)反应RFQ中子源的条件,并利用此系统开展中子成像技术的研究.实验在像平面热中子注量率为5×103 cm-2·s-1或快中子注量率为3.7×104 cm-2·s-1的情况下获得了一定质量的热中子及快中子照片.当利用RFQ直线加速器强中子源时将可获得更高质量的图片,从而可以满足大多数的应用需要.     

贫化铀球装置内的~(238)U(n,2n)反应率实验研究

采用两套不同尺寸的贫化铀球装置开展了装置内部的238 U(n,2n)反应率实验研究,利用PD-300加速器D-T中子源辐照实验装置,源强变化采用伴随粒子法监测,238 U圆片放置在实验装置的45°孔道内,分布在距中子源不同距离处,辐照结束后,采用HPGe探测器测量238 U圆片活化γ射线。实验结果与蒙特卡罗程序模拟计算结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明,238 U(n,2n)反应率实验结果与模拟计算值较吻合,238 U(n,2n)反应率随球体半径r的增加,近似服从e-ar/r2分布规律。     

伴随粒子法测量T(d,n)4He中子源注量率中的本底处理

T(d，n)^4He反应单能中子源广泛应用于14MeV中子的各种物理实验。采用伴随粒子法测量中子注量率，用金硅面垒探测器测量α粒子，用1μm厚Al箔屏蔽散射的d束，经过各种条件下的调节，系统可很好地直接在能谱上分辨各种粒子，从而获得较高精度的中子注量率。     

T(d,n)~4He反应中子角分布

用反冲质子望远镜测量了T(d,n)~4He反应中子角分布,E_d=1,1.5和2 MeV,角度范田0—150°。实验结果用最小二乘法按照勒让德(Legendre)多项式拟合,误差为±2.6%,并与国外结果进行了比较。     

厚靶T(d,n)4He反应加速器中子源的中子产额、能谱和角分布

本文给出一种氚钛厚靶氘氚反应加速器中子源的中子产额、能谱和角分布的计算方法,并开发了相应的计算模拟程序.用自行开发的计算程序计算了入射氘束流能量低于1.0 MeV时加速器中子源的中子产额、能谱和角分布,给出了氚钛厚靶的一些典型计算结果,并对结果的可靠性进行分析.     

6Li(n,t)4He反应微分截面的实验测量

用屏栅电离室对1．85和2．67MeV中子^6Li(n,t)^4He反应的微分截面及截面进行了测量。使用氚固体靶通过T(p,n)^3He反应产生中子,利用BF3长中子管进行相对中子通量监测,绝对中子通量则用^238U(n,f)反应来刻度。测量结果与已有数据进行了比较。     

Am-Be中子源屏蔽优化设计的蒙特卡罗模拟研究

用低密度富氢材料作为²⁴¹Am-Be中子源防护罐屏蔽材料,防护罐尺寸大,屏蔽效率低,不利于现场测井作业。利用蒙特卡罗模拟方法,分别计算多种屏蔽材料对中子的慢化效果,优化设计了中子屏蔽效果好、相对轻便的防护罐。模拟结果得到:针对石油测井常用的18 Ci ²⁴¹Am-Be中子源屏蔽罐,内层选用钨作为高能快中子的慢化层,厚度取13 cm;外层选用硼聚乙烯作为较低能量快中子慢化和热中子吸收层,厚度取18 cm。防护罐整体尺寸为φ62 cm×62 cm,体积0.187 m³,质量430 kg,比传统石蜡罐直径和重量约小一半,屏蔽罐外辐射剂量率小于0.025 mSv·h^-1,符合辐射防护标准要求。     

Evaluation of D（d,n）^3 He reaction neutron source models for BNCT irradiation system design

A mathematical method was developed to calculatc the yield.energy spectrum and angular distribution of neutrons from D(d,n)3 He(D-D)reaction in a thick deuterium-titanium target for incident deuterons in energies lower than 1.0MeV.The data of energy spectrum and angular distribution wefe applied to set up the neutron source model for the beam-shaping-assembly(BSA)design of Boron-Neutron-Capture-Therapy(BNCT)using MCNP-4C code.Three cases of D-D neutron source corresponding to incident deuteron energy of 1000.400 and 150 kaV were investigated.The neutron beam characteristics were compared with the model of a 2.45 MeV mono-energetic and isotropic neutron source using an example BSA designed for BNCT irradiation.The results show significant differences in the neutron beam characteristics,particularly the fast neutron component and fast neutron dose in air,between the non-isotropic neutron source model and the 2.5 MeV mono-energetic and isotropic neutron source model.     

Evaluation of D(d,n)3 He reaction neutron source models for BNCT irradiation system design

A mathematical method was developed to calculate the yield,energy spectrum and angular distribution of neutrons from D(d,n)~3He(D-D)reaction in a thick deuterium-titanium target for incident deuterons in energies lower than 1.0MeV.The data of energy spectrum and angular distribution were applied to set up the neutron source model for the beam-shaping-assembly(BSA)design of Boron-Neutron-Capture-Therapy(BNCT)using MCNP-4C code. Three cases of D-D neutron source corresponding to incident deuteron energy of 1000,400 and 150 key were inves- tigated.The neutron beam characteristics were compared with the model of a 2.45 MeV mono-energetic and isotropic neutron source using an example BSA designed for BNCT irradiation.The results show significant differences in the neutron beam characteristics,particularly the fast neutron component and fast neutron dose in air,between the non-isotropic neutron source model and the 2.5 MeV mono-euergetic and isotropic neutron source model.     

The measurement of the absolute intensity of neutron sources by a comparison with the reaction T(d,n)He4

A method for the measurement of the absolute intensity of neutron sources by a comparison with the neutron intensity from the reaction T(d, n)He⁴ is described. For the comparison of the intensities a detector was used which has an almost constant sensititity for a wide range of neutron energies. The detector consisted of a graphite prism in which, at a definite distance from the source (“constant”-sensitivity distance), the density of thermal neutrons was measured. The sensitivity of such a detector is constant, to an accuracy of 1–2 %, in the interval of neutron energies 0.1–8 Mev and is 13% lower for neutrons of energy 14 Mev. In 1953 this method was used for the measurement of the absolute intensity of a Ra-α-Be source with an accuracy of 4%.     

Measurement of 3H(d,n)4He neutron spectrum by means of time-of-flight technique for a fast neutron generator

The energy spectrum of neutrons produced from the ³H(d,n) ⁴He reactions has been determined by using the double scintillator time-of-flight technique. Although the technique has limitations in determining the energy and its spread, due to the short flight path of the experimental setup, it has been shown that the determination of primary neutron energy spectrum down to 0.5 MeV, with the expected structures caused by multiple scattering and deuteron build-up effects, is easily achievable for a low energy accelerator operated in continues mode.