基于CORBA技术的机器人模块化设计的研究进展

随着机器人应用领域的日益普及其功能的不断完善,机器人自身结构和控制也变得越来越复杂.传统的设计和开发方法已经逐渐显示出了制约机器人的应用和发展,为此,研究者们寻求机器人模块化和组件化设计新方法,本文将从介绍以CORBA为代表的中间件在机器人领域的研究状况为切入点,综述了基于CORBA中间件的机器人模块化设计技术,并指出了通过该技术将各种软硬件的异构因素封装在统一的功能组件中,解决模块化设计的瓶颈问题.最后展望和分析了模块化、分布式的机器人组件的发展趋势.     

一种基于AVR单片机控制的 武术擂台机器人设计

简要概述了中国机器人大赛武术擂台赛的参赛机制,详细介绍了比赛用机器人的硬件平台结构设计,着重对武术擂台赛无差别1vs1项目进行策略分析,并给出软件设计.从实践结果来看,设计的机器人能够很好的完成自主登台、边缘检测、攻击敌人等动作.从比赛结果来看,该机器人具有很好表现并取得了优异成绩,证明了本文硬件设计与策略的正确性.     

多关节机器人的误差分析与误差校正方法的研究

本文从机器人运动学基本关系出发,首先从单个关节的误差变换关系入手,进而考虑了几个关节的运动学参数偏差与机器人末端位置误差的关系。给出了线性误差模型的推导过程,并分析了产生机器人末端在工作空间的误差原因。从而对在机器人设计和控制中采取补偿措施,为提高精度提供理论依据。     

机器人在眼科手术中的应用及研究进展

首先分析了典型的眼科手术操作,提出了眼科机器人设计的一般要求.然后,从机器人系统和手术器械两方面出发,介绍了国内外眼科机器人的研究进展.最后,总结了当前眼科机器人系统的关键技术,包括眼组织生物力学分析、机构设计、多维信息传感以及精密运动控制技术,并分析了发展趋势.     

机器人语言研究

本文从信息控制的角度出发将机器人语言定义为能处理某些特定的“外部设备”的计算机程序设计语言。并将机器人语言成份分为两大部分,即机器人核心语言和机器人专用语言。然后分别综述了机器人专用语言和机器人核心语言的进展情况。     

舞蹈机器人研究进展

为了满足人们对机器人娱乐化的需求,以舞蹈机器人的设计和优化为出发点,设计了一款舞蹈机器人系统。首先从机器人的机械结构、硬件设计上进行了阐述,其次从舵机模块、电源模块选择上进行了说明,最后对舞蹈机器人的控制方案进行了设计。实践证明,该机器人系统易于控制、成本低、协调能力及适应能力强,具有一定的观赏性和实用性。     

基于遗传算法的足球机器人比赛中障碍回避策略的设计

本文介绍了基于遗传算法的足球机器人系统中障碍回避策略的设计,使机器人能避 开障碍物从给定点到目标点找到一条比较短的路径,并阐述了具体算法的设计与实现,并给 出了仿真结果．     

一种用于接力赛的NAO机器人比赛系统设计

基于NAO机器人平台设计了一种机器人接力比赛系统,提出并试验了一种基于接力赛比赛规则的机器人控制系统。通过单目视觉控制NAO机器人识别并区分周围环境和接力赛赛场跑道;通过运动控制设计控制NAO机器人完成行走转弯等动作;利用Socket通信设计 NAO机器人之间的接力通信使机器人完成整个比赛流程。设计了逆运动学求解步态算法,使比赛系统具有稳定性及快速性。实验证明该比赛系统可行,且该系统在 “软银机器人杯”2018中国机器人技能大赛中获得一等奖。     

一种竞赛用机器人的设计与实现

为提高机器人在准确分拣前提下快速完成搬运任务的能力,对传统自动分拣搬运机器人从策略选择、硬件组成和外观结构进行了全新的设计,提出了一种竞赛用自动分拣搬运机器人的设计与实现方法。针对竞赛要求采用全新设计的非航行推测算法;硬件模块化设计,核心控制器采用了国内少见的双核形式,并采用多种传感器来满足竞赛要求;通过避障与路径选择的仿真调试,确定了机器人的外观结构及竞赛路径。实践检验了设计的有效性和先进性,研究结果对于提高竞赛用机器人的性能具有一定的参考价值。     

未知环境下的移动机器人仿真平台设计

从理论上分析了机器人控制系统和检测外部环境的传感器,并在该基础上阐述了航姿推算定位算法.利用Matlab GUI设计了移动机器人的控制仿真平台,并通过算法对超声波测距进行了模拟.最后,设计模糊控制器应用于该仿真平台对移动机器人进行实时控制.仿真结果表明,在非结构化的未知环境中,系统响应速度快,实现了机器人从起点到静态目标点的安全行驶.     

A survey of socially interactive robots

This paper reviews “socially interactive robots”: robots for which social human–robot interaction is important. We begin by discussing the context for socially interactive robots, emphasizing the relationship to other research fields and the different forms of “social robots”. We then present a taxonomy of design methods and system components used to build socially interactive robots. Finally, we describe the impact of these robots on humans and discuss open issues. An expanded version of this paper, which contains a survey and taxonomy of current applications, is available as a technical report [T. Fong, I. Nourbakhsh, K. Dautenhahn, A survey of socially interactive robots: concepts, design and applications, Technical Report No. CMU-RI-TR-02-29, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 2002].     

Semi-autonomous serially connected multi-crawler robot for search and rescue

In this paper, we develop a semi-autonomous serially connected multi-crawler robot for search and rescue. In large-scale disasters, such as earthquakes and tornadoes, the application of rescue robots to search for survivors under rubble would be beneficial. Snake-like robots (robots composed of serially connected units) are an effective candidate for such robots. Their long body enables them to overcome obstacles, and they can move into narrow spaces because of their thin shape. However, conventional snake-like robots have significant problems with operability. The numerous degrees of freedom of their bodies require complex operation to overcome obstacles, and training is required for the operators. Thus, survivors or community members cannot operate conventional robots to search for victims, despite the availability of such rescue robots. Here, we address this problem and develop a semi-autonomous serially connected multi-crawler robot designed for non-trained operators, such as community members or rescued survivors. It can be controlled easily by a conventional two-channel user interface with levers for turning and straight line motion. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed mechanism, a prototype robot was developed and experiments were conducted. The results confirm that the proposed robot had both higher operability and higher mobility than conventional robots.     

两栖仿生机器人研究综述

概述了两栖仿生机器人的发展过程,主要从腿式和蛇形两方面介绍国内外两栖机器人的研究现状,分析了目前两栖机器人研究存在的一些难点问题,并展望了两栖机器人的未来发展。     

Designing LED lights for a robot to communicate gaze

ABSTRACT

Eye gaze is considered to be a particularly important non-verbal communication cue. Gaze research is also becoming a hot topic in human–robot interaction (HRI). However, research on social eye gaze for HRI focuses mainly on human-like robots. There remains a lack of methods for functional robots, which are constrained in appearance, to show gaze-like behavior. In this work, we investigate how we can implement gaze behavior in functional robots to assist humans in reading their intent. We explore design implications based on LED lights as we consider LEDs to be easily installed in most robots while not introducing features that are too human-like (to prevent users from having high expectations towards the robots). In this paper, we first developed a design interface that allows designers to freely test different parameter settings for an LED-based gaze display for a Roomba robot. We summarized design principles for well simulating LED-based gazes. Our suggested design is further evaluated by a large group of participants with regard to their perception and interpretation of the robot's behaviors. On the basis of the findings, we finally offer a set of design implications that can be beneficial to HRI and HCI researchers.     

机器人技术研究进展

机器人技术的研究已从传统的工业领域扩展到医疗服务、教育娱乐、勘探勘测、生物工程、救灾救援等新领域, 并快速发展. 本文简要介绍了工业机器人、移动机器人、医疗与康复机器人和仿生机器人研究中的部分主要进展, 并通过分析和梳理, 归纳了机器人技术发展中的一些重要问题, 探讨机器人技术的发展趋势.     

服务机器人的研究现状与发展趋势

机器人技术代表一个国家的高科技水平和自动化程度,了解和分析国内外的研究现状和最新进展有助于加快我国服务机器人行业的发展。近年来,清洁机器人和教育机器人在我国已经大规模销售,娱乐机器人和安防机器人市场正在培育和快速发展中,医疗机器人市场处于大规模应用的萌芽状态。为了在这一巨大市场中分一杯羹,在服务机器人领域缩短与发达国家的差距,有必要紧紧抓住服务机器人更高智能化、模块化和网络化的技术发展趋势,围绕实现服务机器人智能化、模块化和网络化的集成技术展开研究。     

Can a humanoid robot continue to draw attention in an office environment?

This study focuses on the use of humanoid robots in office environments, and investigates whether a robot can maintain the attention of passersby after initiation of face-to-face contact. Drawing attention can be considered as a first step in improving the continuity of use of robots; such continuity is one factor in validating their social acceptance, which must be considered when disseminating robots in offices. In this study, we assume that the robot approaches and greets users in order to make the users aware of its presence and encourage them to use it. In particular, the robots used in this study convey various greetings along with three nonverbal indicators (no motion, random motion, and face-to-face contact) when a passerby at the office is close to the robot. For a one-week period, we validated the social acceptance of the robot by examining how these robot motions influenced the rate and continuity of a passerby's attention. The results revealed that face-to-face contact can draw a high degree of attention, and that the presence of the robot affects the continuity with which attention is drawn. Finally, the paper discusses implications for future robot design, in terms of drawing and maintaining high rates of attention from users.     

Behavior patterns emerging among mobile robots with a diversity of personalities cooperating in collection and cleaning-up tasks

We investigated the behavior patterns emerging among autonomous mobile robots with diverse personalities. They cooperate with one another in collection and cleaning-up tasks. First, we emphasize the rationale for introducing personalities into robots. Second, we present our assumptions on the common functions of the robots, i.e., visual functions, mobility, and the capturing and conveying of target objects. Third, we define a function which is specific to each robot; its personality. Fourth, we explain the collision avoidance behavior, which is very dependent on the personalities. Finally, we present the results of simulation studies of robots with diverse personalities cooperating in collection and cleaning-up tasks. We discuss the influence of the distribution of various personalities on the performance of the tasks. This work was presented in part at the Sixth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Tokyo, January 15–17, 2001     

Do the number of robots and the participant’s gender influence conformity effect from multiple robots?

ABSTRACT

The conformity effect is a critical social phenomenon through which one individual or a particular group influences the thoughts, feelings, or behaviors of another person or group. We focused on two essential factors that influence the power of the conformity effect: the number of people and gender. In this paper, we investigated whether conformity effects have changed due to the number of robots and the gender of the participants. We experimentally compared conformity effects by considering these two factors while participants answered questions after listening to incorrect answers from two, four, or six robots. The experimental results showed that the conformity ratio with the six robots is significantly larger than the two/four robots, and the conformity effect for female participants is stronger than male participants, similar to human-human conformity effects.     

Truly autonomous robots: hardware design for an energy trophallactic robot

This article describes the mechanical and electrical design of a mobile robot called the CISSbot. CISSbot is abbreviated from our center’s name in Danish: Center for Indlejrede Software Systemer. The robots are designed toward truly autonomous robots in large populations through energy trophallaxes. Unlike present mobile robots, the CISSbots are energetically autonomous robots because they are not able not only to autonomously refuel by picking up batteries at a charging station, but also to share energy by exchanging batteries with other robots. The CISSbots basically consist of their own processing power, sensors, and actuators. However, to achieve the capability of battery exchange, the CISSbots need a special design of battery exchange mechanism. In this paper, we present the realization of the design in both the mechanics and the electronics of the CISSbot. Details of the battery exchange technique and power management are clarified. Finally, the article gives an outline of our future work on the CISSbots.