三维管接头焊后局部热处理加热宽度准则

提出了直接定量评定管接头焊后局部热处理应力释放效果的方法。构造了三维管接头焊接应力和局部热处理温度场,采用粘弹塑性有限元方法对管接头焊后不同局部热处理条件不应力分布特征进行了研究,对单道焊情况,不同焊接规范下的焊接应力分布具有相似性,焊接顺序对应力峰值位置的影响较小。对管接头热点处焊接应力在不同局部热处理条件下释放程度做了分析,在局部热处理加热宽度足够大情况下残余应力明显下降,周向和轴向应力分量与加热宽度的关系不同,周向和轴向应力的最优加热宽度分别为3.46√-Rr的4.8√-Rt。通过对局部热处理主要工艺参数的计算,推荐了正交管接头局热处理加热宽度准则。     

Cr-Mo钢管子局部焊后热处理加热宽度准则的确定

采用粘弹塑性有限元方法从应力释放角度讨论了Cr-Mo钢局部热处理下各种优化加热条件.研究表明,局部热处理过程产生的瞬态和残余应力受蠕变性能和温度关系弹性模量等因素的影响.当加热宽度足够大时,局部热处理后的应力与炉中热处理的应力接近.通过与现有标准的比较,从应力释放角度位于焊缝中心5√Rt的加热宽度较为合理.提出了考虑焊接冷却过程Cr-Mo低温膨胀现象的相变模型.给出了焊接残余应力与局部焊后热处理应力的试验结果与模拟结果的对比.     

BT20钛合金电子束热处理残余应力计算

利用三维有限元分析软件，模拟了BT20钛合金薄板焊态和焊后电子束局部热处理的实际焊接温度场以及残余应力的分布。结合数值计算，讨论了不同的热处理方式以及热处理工艺参数对焊接接头残余应力分布的影响。结果表明，在钛合金薄板焊缝的背面进行电子束局部热处理，可以显著降低焊缝中心处的残余拉应力。数值计算结果还表明，在其它工艺参数相同的情况下，随着局部热处理加热宽度和加热时间的增加，焊缝及近缝区的纵向残余应力随之降低，同时产生残余应力的范围也随之增大。     

焊后热处理对E36钢对接接头焊接残余应力影响的有限元分析

采用有限元方法模拟了E36钢平板多层多道焊的整个焊接过程以及局部热处理过程,获得了焊接温度场的分布,并采用间接耦合方法在焊接温度场计算结果基础上得到了E36钢平板焊缝焊接后的残余应力场。重点分析了焊后热处理前后的焊接残余应力的变化。结果表明,焊后热处理对E36钢平板焊接残余应力具有明显的消除作用,但不能完全消除,焊缝附近依然存在较大的拉伸残余应力。     

焊后热处理知识

问:什么是焊后热处理? 答:为了改善焊接接头的性能,消除残余应力等有害影响,焊后,将焊件或其局部均匀加热到相变点以下某一适当温度,并保温一定时间,然后再均匀冷却。这种处理过程称为“焊后热处理”。焊后热处理一般包括:消除应力退火、完全退火、固溶处理、正火、正火回火、淬火回火(调质)、回火和低温消除应力等等。焊后热处理常常在加热炉内进行,也可在施工现场进行整体热处理(不用加热炉)。     

局部热处理对制曲机翻曲叶片焊接残余应力的影响

通过盲孔法研究了翻曲叶片焊接和局部热处理两种方式下叶片残余应力分布规律,对比了叶片焊后及局部热处理后的加工性能。结果表明,翻曲叶片靠近焊缝处存在很高的残余应力;局部热处理可改善焊后残余应力,最高可降低48%。对焊接叶片进行局部热处理后加工性能变差。     

加热面积对球罐局部热处理应力消除效果的影响

针对球罐局部热处理缺少标准支持问题,采用数值模拟方法分析了加热面积大小对焊接残余应力清除效果的影响.结果表明,局部加热过程本身引起的热应力是影响局部热处理效果的控制因素;工程中经常采用的局部热处理工艺,由于加热面积太小,不会取得理想的应力消除效果;增加加热面积可有效提高残余应力消除率,采用足够大的加热面积可达到整体热处理的效果.但局部热处理加热面积的选择会受到球罐体积和壁厚的显著影响,对于相同的残余应力消除率期望值,较大的体积和壁厚均需要采用较大的加热面积.     

焊后热处理对L245NCS微合金钢焊接残余应力的影响

采用履带式电加热法对L245NCS微合金钢焊接接头进行了不同退火温度和不同保温时间的焊后热处理,采用小孔法测量焊接残余应力。结果表明,560℃退火保温3.0 h焊后热处理方案和620℃退火保温1.5 h焊后热处理方案对降低焊接残余应力均较明显,其中560℃×3.0 h焊后热处理消除残余应力的松弛率在50%左右,620℃×1.5 h焊后热处理方案消除残余应力的松弛率基本高于80%,说明延长保温时间并不能有效地降低焊接残余应力。620℃×1.5 h焊后热处理方案对于消除L245NCS微合金钢焊接残余应力更为有效。     

焊后热处理消除P91钢管焊接残余应力的数值分析

根据2002／2004电力规程和P91钢工艺导论确定焊接工艺和焊后热处理工艺,建立P91钢管焊后热处理分析的有限元模型。研究热处理前后周向残余应力的分布。有限元结果表明焊后热处理能有效地改善P91钢管的焊接残余应力分布,降低应力峰值,消除残余应力效果较为明显,可提高接头的综合力学性能。     

焊接残余应力对20G管道焊接接头组织性能的影响

通过X射线衍射法研究管线用20G焊接残余应力的分布和焊后热处理对焊缝残余应力的影响,择优选取了焊后热处理条件。结果发现,在焊缝区存在较高的焊接残余应力。焊后热处理可以显著降低焊接残余应力,其中以620℃加热温度、1 h保温时间的处理工艺为宜。此外,热处理细化了焊缝区域晶粒,降低了焊缝区域硬度,改善了焊接接头抗H2S腐蚀的能力。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR DURING LOCAL POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT

1.IntroductionStresscorrosioncrackingduetothecombinedeffectsofserViceenvirollrnentandlOcalizedweld-indllcedstresshajsbeenrecognizedasaseriousProblemintheweldingindustryforanumberofyearsLI].InordertoimprovetheductilityofweldssusceptibletocrackingandrelievetheresidualstressesthelOcalpostweld11eattreatmentisusuallyperformedwhenitisunpracticaltoheattreatthewholevesselinafurnace.TwoprimarybenefitsofPWHTarethetemperingandtherel~tionofresidualstresses.Benefits,suchasimprovedductilityltoughnessand…     

Influence of Temperature and Time of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Stress Relief in an 800-mm-Thick Steel Weldment

Ferritic steel weldments are invariably post-weld heat treated for relieving the residual stresses. However, the long duration of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) required for very thick weldments can adversely affect the mechanical properties and fracture toughness. Thus, there is a need to establish the relative importance of temperature and time of PWHT with respect to stress relief. Accordingly, in the present work, the phenomenon of stress relief (due to PWHT) in an 800-mm-thick steel weldment was investigated using finite element analysis and the results were validated against experimental measurements. An analytical study was also carried out to determine the relative influence of temperature and time of PWHT on stress relief. It was found that time of PWHT plays a more significant role in case of relatively lower PWHT temperatures. It was also found that, for a given value of Hollomon parameter, different combinations of PWHT temperature and time can be employed to achieve the same level of stress relief. A mathematical relationship has been established between Hollomon parameter and magnitude of residual stress after PWHT. It has been shown that residual stress is a monotonically decreasing function of the Hollomon parameter.     

Internal residual stress measurement on inertia friction welding of nickel-based superalloy

The internal residual stress in the narrow inertia friction welding (IFW) welds of FGH96 nickel-based superalloy was measured with the contour method (CM). The as-welded internal hoop and axial residual stresses were obtained after two cuts and the detailed steps of the CM measurement were described. In addition, the hole-drilling method was used to obtain the surface stress. Furthermore, the internal hoop residual stress of a FGH96 superalloy IFW specimen after post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) was also measured with the CM after a single cut. The measured results show that the peak hoop residual stress is not symmetrical about the weld centreline. Axial residual stress on the outer surface at the weld centreline is compressive stress, while tensile stress appears on the inner surface, and it varies linearly along the thickness. The peak values of hoop tensile and compressive stresses decrease dramatically after PWHT.     

Residual welding stresses in laser beam and tungsten inert gas weldments of titanium alloy

Abstract

The residual welding stresses in laser beam (LB) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) weldments of a titanium alloy in thin plate form were investigated experimentally in the present work. A hole drilling technique was used to measure the residual stresses in the weldments. The effects of the welding method and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the residual stresses were analysed. The results show that (i) the residual stress distribution in the LB welded joints is similar to that obtained for traditional fusion welding processes, although the distribution zone is much narrower in LB welding, (ii) the residual stress in the heat affected zone for LB welding is about 100 MPa lower than that for TIG welding, and (iii) PWHT in vacuum greatly relieves the welding residual stress.     

Effects of post-weld heat treatments on the residual stress and mechanical properties of electron beam welded sae 4130 steel plates

The distribution of the residual stresses of electron beam welded SAE 4130 and the effect of stress relief after various post- weld heat treatments (PWHT) were measured using X- ray diffraction. The mechanical properties and microstructure were also examined. Experimental results show that the tensile residual stress increased with the heat input of the electron beam. Most of the residual stresses were relieved by the PWHT at 530 °C for 2 h followed by furnace cooling to 50 °C. The strength of the welds decreased slightly, and the elongation of the welds increased after PWHT.     

Finite Element Analysis of High Temperature Piping Creep for Considering the Effect of Inner Pressure and Welding Residual Stress

利用大型有限元分析软件Abaqus的多次顺次耦合功能,先对P91钢高温主蒸汽管道焊接接头焊态和焊后热处理状态进行残余应力分析, 然后采用Norton蠕变本构关系,根据P91耐热钢在625℃下焊缝、热影响区和母材的不同蠕变参数,对内压以及内压与热处理后残余应力共同作用下的接头蠕变进行有限元分析,分别得到了焊接残余应力和焊后热处理残余应力的分布规律,同时预测了在高温环境下服役105h后蠕变应变分布. 结果表明,由于高温管道的壁厚以及约束等影响, 焊后产生了较大的焊接残余应力,通过焊后热处理可以有效地降低焊接残余应力.但由于热处理残余应力的存在, 仍对高温管道焊接接头的蠕变有较大影响,并且在焊缝与热影响区的交界处存在着较大的蠕变应变.     

焊后热处理对特厚板20MnNiMo焊接残余应力的影响

为了研究焊后热处理对8万吨模锻压机主缸材料20MnNiMo焊接接头残余应力的影响,制定了窄间隙焊接方案和15 h×(550±10)℃焊后热处理方案,并通过盲孔法对焊接接头表面残余应力进行了测定和记录。得到了15 h×(550±10)℃焊后热处理对20MnNiMo厚板焊接接头残余应力场分布的影响。结果表明:15 h×(550±10)℃去应力退火可以很好的减小20MnNiMo厚板焊接残余应力,去应力效果显著,可以很好地改善20MnNiMo焊接残余应力的分布,该热处理方案满足实际产品需要,可以用于实际焊接生产中。