从废催化剂中回收铂族金属处理工艺及污染管控要求浅析

汽车尾气废催化剂是重要的铂族金属二次资源,从中回收铂族金属具有十分重要的意义。通过对失效汽车尾气催化剂的湿法富集处理工艺进行介绍,对湿法冶炼过程中产生的三废进行有效治理,提出污染物排放管控要求和环境风险防控要求及新形势下的环境管理要求,实现了废弃资源再利用过程中满足环保节能、绿色高效、有价元素协同回收的环境管理新要求。     

贱金属富集废催化剂中铂族金属的研究

废催化剂是铂族金属的重要来源,采用火法冶炼是废催化剂中铂族金属富集的重要方法,高温下铂族金属与贱金属形成合金,通过载体造渣,达到富集铂族金属的目的。对铅、铁、铜三种贱金属富集铂族金属进行综述,介绍了三种金属富集的原理、工艺及发展,并对其优缺点进行了分析。     

从粒状汽车废催化剂中回收铂族金属

本研究采用硫酸盐化焙烧－水浸法，将汽车净气废催化剂中的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３转化为可溶性的硫酸铝，用水溶解硫酸铝，大部分铂族金属留在残渣中，渣中铂族金属的回收率为（％）：Ｐｔ９５、Ｐｄ９６、Ｒｈ１９。用铝粉置换回收硫酸铝溶液中低浓度的铂族金属，回收率分别为（％）：Ｐｄ９５、Ｒｈ９５、Ｐｔ５０～８７，工艺总回收率Ｐｔ９７％～９９％、Ｐｄ９９％、Ｒｈ９６％，高于一般的湿法或火法工艺。该工艺还具有设备简单、操作容易、投资少、处理费用低、副产品销路好、废物排放量少等优点。     

提高废三元催化剂铂族金属回收率工艺研究

首次采用NaHB4预还原,NaClO2-HCl-NaCl为浸出剂,氯化浸出法提取废三元催化剂中铂族金属,经分离提纯,铂回收率达到95.9%,钯回收率达到96.2%,铑回收率达到87%。此方法也适合用回收其他废催化剂中铂族金属。     

火法工艺对废催化剂中铂、钯回收的试验研究

主要采用火法工艺,以金属铜为捕集剂对不同条件下铂族金属中铂、钯金属的回收率的影响进行研究。研究表明:铂族金属中铂、钯的回收率随着捕集剂和氧化钙含量的增加而提高,随着熔炼温度和时间的提高和延长而增加,随着CaO/SiO_2比的增加而呈现先增加后减小的趋势,最佳工艺条件为:捕集剂含量40%、CaO/SiO_2为1.0、还原剂用量8%、熔炼温度1 400℃、熔炼时间5 h。     

废加氢催化剂中有价金属回收技术研究进展

随着石化行业对加氢催化剂的需求量逐年递增,每年报废的加氢催化剂量也与日俱增。废加氢催化剂中含大量有价金属,其循环利用对于环境保护和资源的高效利用意义重大。针对废加氢催化剂中有价金属的回收,国内外学者开展了大量的研究工作,开发的工艺主要分为湿法、火法和火法湿法联合工艺3大类。详细综述了近年来废加氢催化剂回收的研究进展,重点分析了不同技术的主要过程、原理及其优缺点。针对传统回收技术的不足,提出采用火法还原熔炼将废加氢催化剂中的有价金属富集,并采用湿法工艺处理多金属合金的技术流程。本文对废加氢催化剂回收的发展趋势及前景进行了展望。      

废催化剂中金属的回收

简述了含有铂、钒、镍金属组分的废催化剂来源及金属回收工艺,介绍了萃取法在金属回收中的应用。     

失效载体催化剂回收铂族金属工艺和技术

介绍国内外失效载体催化剂回收铂族金属的3种工艺技术：火法、湿法和火-湿法联合工艺，并作简要评论，     

碳基铂族金属催化剂的应用和研究开发现状综述

在献资料分析的基础上综述了碳基铂族金属催化剂的应用概况、催化过程研究的实验技术和理论方法现状，并提出了几点初步建议。     

Metals recovery from spent hydrotreatment catalysts in a fluoride-bearing medium

This work examines the dissolution of spent commercial NiMo/Al₂O₃ and CoMo/Al₂O₃–SiO₂ catalysts in aqueous solutions containing fluoride ions under mild experimental conditions. Solubilization of samples in the presence of fluoride salts alone was insignificant, but solubilization in pure HF was quantitative after 14–16 h. The addition of a strong inorganic acid led to full solubilization after 30 min (NiMo) or 4 h (CoMo) at 50–60 °C and a stirring speed of 400 rpm. This time was reduced by at least 75% when hydrogen peroxide was added. HF was the best source of fluoride ions for dissolving SiO₂ and phosphate-containing species. The recovery of metals from the leach solution could be accomplished very efficiently and with low residue generation.     

从石油重整废催化剂中回收铂

介绍一种从石油重整废催化剂中回收铂的工艺。废催化剂采用低温焙烧、浸出、离子交换等方法进行处理，可制取纯铂，生产聚合氯化铝产品。该工艺操作简单，铂回收率高，对环境无污染。     

从石油重整废催化剂中回收铂

介绍一种从石油重整废催化剂中回收铂的工艺。废催化剂采用低温焙烧、浸出、离子交换等方法进行处理,可制取纯铂,生产聚合氯化铝产品。该工艺操作简单,铂回收率高,对环境无污染。     

从废旧电池中回收钴镍的研究进展

对从废旧铁镍电池、镉镍电池、氢鎳电池和锂电池中回收钴镍的研究进展进行综述,提出了进一步研究的方向.     

Processing of spent molybdenum-bearing catalysts from petrochemical synthesis

Technologies for processing spent molybdenum-bearing catalysts from petrochemical production are reviewed. The degree of molybdenum-trioxide extraction from the spent catalysts is presented for different technologies. Pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, when used individually, do not ensure the required molybdenum-trioxide extraction. The pros and cons of direct alloying of steel with spent catalysts through the slag phase are outlined. The processing of hydrometallurgically treated catalysts to obtain slag mixtures for steel refining is described. An optimal multistage processing method for the catalysts is considered. By that means, waste-free processing of the spent catalysts is possible. On that basis, calcium molybdate may be used instead of ferroalloys for steel treatment in the ladle–furnace unit.     

Metal vapor treatment for enhancing the dissolution of platinum group metals from automotive catalyst scrap

A new process for dissolving platinum group metals (PGMs) from automotive catalyst scrap using metal vapor was proposed. To improve the PGMs dissolution ratio from scraps, vapor of reactive metals (R), such as magnesium (Mg) or calcium (Ca), was reacted with the automotive catalyst scrap in a closed stainless steel vessel at 1173 K for 3 hours. Under these experimental conditions, Mg and Ca vapor was supplied to the entire body of catalyst scrap. After the reactive metal treatment, the specimens were crushed and dissolved in aqua regia at 323 to 333 K for 1 hour. The PGMs dissolution ratios were improved after the reactive metal treatment, and the dissolution ratios reached 88 pct in Pt, 81 pct in Pd, and 72 pct in Rh, while they were 77 pct in Pt, 69 pct in Pd, and 38 pct in Rh without the treatment. Even when the specimens were dissolved in aqua regia without heating, the PGMs dissolution ratios from the catalyst scrap after reactive metal treatment showed high values, 78 pct in Pt, 74 pct in Pd, and 57 pct in Rh at a maximum. These results show that the reactive metal treatment is effective for the recovery of PGMs from automotive catalyst scrap.     

铂族金属催化动力学光度分析法

综述了近 10多年来铂族金属催化动力学光度分析法 ,包括反应体系、有机和无机试剂、线性范围或检出限、简介和应用。参考文献 14 4篇。     

难熔合质金中金银和铂族元素综合回收的工艺研究及应用

采用分次活化熔解、先还原分离金、后回收铂族金属的方法,对金电解阳极泥熔铸过程生成的难熔合质金中的金银和铂族金属分离回收进行了研究.结果表明,在首次活化熔解过程中,活化剂的加入量、熔解温度、熔解时间、活化熔解次数对金、银回收率影响较大.在温度1 100℃、活化熔解2h、活化剂用量4倍原料的条件下,难熔合质金中金的提取率在90%左右;残留难熔合质金再经2次活化熔解转变为贵金属粉末,经王水溶金、亚硝酸钠还原金,金的总回收率在99.9%以上;铂族金属的总回收率在99%以上.