聚亚甲基-b-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物的合成及制备的有序多孔薄膜的性能

将叶立德同源聚合与可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合相结合,设计合成了系列结构可控、组成可调的含有聚烯烃链段和温度响应性聚合物链段的共聚物,即聚亚甲基-b-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚苯乙烯(PM-b-PNIPAM-b-PS)三嵌段共聚物(M_n=6 100~25 200,M_w/M_n=1.18~1.32,PS链段M_n=1 350~18 000),研究了共聚物在溶液中的自组装性质和温度响应性,并利用静态呼吸图法制备了该三嵌段共聚物的有序多孔薄膜。实验结果表明,所制备的PM-b-PNIPAM-b-PS三嵌段共聚物在THF/H2O中自组装,于水溶液中形成平均粒径为200 nm的球形胶束,且具有温度响应性。以氯仿为溶剂、22℃、95%湿度条件下,PM-b-PNIPAM-b-PS三嵌段共聚物可制得到孔径均一(平均直径为1.03μm和2.02μm)的有序多孔薄膜。     

Combined antimicrobial effect of high pressure processing and ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE)-containing films and its application in coconut water preservation

The combined effect of high pressure processing (HPP) and antimicrobial film enriched with ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) was investigated. More than 5 log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were achieved at 300 MPa HPP combined with 2.0% LAE-PLA film. HPP combined with LAE-PLA film showed a synergistic inactivation against S. aureus, probably because it severely damaged the cell membrane and eliminated pressure-induced sublethal injuries of S. aureus. However, no synergistic effect between HPP and LAE-PLA film was found on E. coli O157:H7. Furthermore, coconut water under 300 MPa HPP with 2.0% LAE-PLA treatment showed a longer shelf life than that of 500 MPa HPP alone. These results indicated that antimicrobial films could serve as a promising hurdle technology to lower the processing intensity of HPP while maintaining safety.     

预期货币价值法在国内页岩气区块竞标中的应用与探讨

矿权竞标结果受多种因素影响,具有较强的不确定性。特别是在低勘探程度区,如何准确开展区块经济评价是目前亟待解决的一个重点问题。以预期货币价值法(EMV)为基础,考虑“风险—价值”双因素模型量化地质风险,运用概率分布模型量化资源量的不确定性,明确关键参数的选取依据,梳理出针对低勘探程度区页岩气区块的经济评价方案,并应用于南方滇黔桂盆地桂中坳陷页岩气某区块。该方法综合考虑了资源潜力、工程技术条件、开发方案、预期经济价值及油气补贴政策等不同方案组合下的多个场景,形成的多套经济评价方案可为决策者提供多样化的区块经济评价参数数据,能有效指导区块竞标方案决策。     

Geochemical characteristics of shale gas and its response to thermal maturity (Ro) in the Longmaxi formation,Dingshan area,Southeast Sichuan

The composition and carbon isotope distribution of shale gas from the Longmaxi Formation in the Dingshan area were measured, and their responses to thermal maturity (Ro) were analyzed. The results show that the shale gas is mainly composed of methane (97.98–98.99%), ethane, propane and nonhydrocarbon gases (N₂ and CO₂) and is an organic high temperature oil-type cracked gas. The wetness value [(C₂+C₃)/(C₁+C₂+C₃) × 100%] ranges from 0.39% to 0.74%. The early (Ro > 1.3%) residual kerogen and crude oil cracking gas was mixed with the late (Ro > 2.0%) secondary cracking gas, resulting in the full inversion of the carbon isotope sequence (δ¹³C₁?>?δ¹³C₂?>?δ¹³C₃).     

四川盆地二叠系烃源岩及其天然气勘探潜力(一)——烃源岩空间分布特征

二叠系—中下三叠统是四川盆地天然气勘探的主要目的层系之一,已发现的许多大中型气田的天然气都来源于二叠系烃源岩,但目前对于该层系烃源岩的主要类型与空间分布规律尚缺乏系统完整的认识。为此,通过对该盆地典型井/剖面二叠系烃源岩发育层位的精细地球化学标定,结合钻井、录井资料,探讨了二叠系烃源岩的类型及其空间展布特征。研究结果表明:(1)该盆地二叠系普遍发育中二叠统碳酸盐岩和上二叠统泥质岩两套烃源岩,局部发育上二叠统大隆组海相泥岩烃源岩;(2)上二叠统龙潭组泥质岩类烃源岩厚度大,有机质丰度高且广泛分布于全盆地,是二叠系中最主要的烃源岩,其中盆地北部的苍溪—云阳地区厚度最大(80~140 m),南部的成都—重庆—泸州地区厚度次之(60~100 m),而中部地区则相对较薄(40~80 m);(3)龙潭组煤层也是该盆地非常重要的烃源岩之一,盆地中部—东南部的南充—綦江—泸州地区煤层厚度最大(5~15 m),川东北地区煤层厚度次之(2~5 m);(4)上二叠统长兴组烃源岩发育程度差,但大隆组烃源岩分布于盆地北部开江—广元一线,厚度介于5~25 m,是盆地北部地区重要的烃源岩;(5)中二叠统碳酸盐岩烃源岩广泛分布于全盆地,其中东北部和东南部厚度介于50~150 m,其他地区的厚度则一般小于50 m,是二叠系中次要的烃源岩。