退火温度对铁素体不锈钢Y0Cr17SiS组织和性能的影响

热轧状态下的铁素体不锈钢Y0Cr17SiS综合性能较差,不能满足加工使用要求,需进行退火处理,研究了退火温度750℃、800℃、850℃、900℃对Y0Cr17SiS钢Φ11 mm热轧材的组织和性能的影响.结果表明,经900℃2 h空冷退火,Y0Cr17SiS钢组织均匀、无析出物产生,抗拉强度为510 MPa,断后延伸...     

Simulation of the longitudinal thickness deviation of the steel strips hot rolled in the continuous group of a broad-strip mill

A model for the formation of longitudinal thickness deviation in hot-rolled strips as a function of the rolling parameters and an algorithm for optimizing the rolling conditions for the criterion of the minimum longitudinal thickness deviation are developed and implemented in the form of computer programs. This optimization is performed by the redistribution of percent reductions over the stands of the finishing group in a broad-strip hot-rolling mill. As a result of the application and industrial tests of the developed computer programs on a 2000 rolling mill, the longitudinal thickness deviation of hot-rolled strips is decreased by a factor of 1.87.     

加载方向对Al—Zn—Mg合金型材应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响

采用恒载荷拉伸应力腐蚀试验和电化学试验研究取向对Al-Zn-Mg合金型材的应力腐蚀(SCC) 开裂的影响, 腐蚀介质采用质量分数3. 5%的Na Cl溶液, 容器温度维持在50±2℃, 并通过光学金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD) 等研究不同取向试样应力腐蚀前、后的微观形貌.结果表明横向试样在315 h时断裂, 而纵向试样在整个加载过程中未发生断裂, 纵向试样有更好的抗应力腐蚀开裂性能; 纵截面(L-S面) 的腐蚀电流密度为0. 980 m A·cm-2, 约为横截面(T-S面) 的5倍, 腐蚀倾向于沿挤压方向发展; 相比T-S面, L-S面晶粒间取向差较大, 大角度晶界多, 容易被腐蚀产生裂纹; 在应力腐蚀加载过程中, 试样先发生阳极溶解, 形成腐蚀坑, 聚集的腐蚀产物所产生的楔入力和恒定载荷的共同作用促使裂纹在腐蚀介质中加速扩展, 两种取向试样均发生了明显的晶间腐蚀, 存在应力腐蚀开裂的倾向.      

纳米TiO2轧制液对硅钢冷轧性能的影响

分别采用传统冷轧轧制液和纳米TiO₂的冷轧轧制液,对无取向硅钢板进行了四辊冷轧实验.重点研究两种冷轧轧制液的轧制润滑性能和对轧后硅钢薄带表面质量和耐蚀性能的影响.通过场发射电子显微镜和能谱仪对使用两种轧制液轧后得到的硅钢薄带表面形貌和成分进行了分析.给出了轧制液中TiO₂纳米粒子在轧制过程中的抗磨减摩机理.在轧制载荷较高时,纳米TiO₂轧制液具有优良的轧制润滑性能并能显著改善轧后硅钢薄带的表面质量.同时在高载荷作用下,TiO₂纳米粒子被压入硅钢薄带基体,形成一个滑动系来支撑载荷,从而使润滑膜的耐磨性提高.      

Structural Performance of CFRP-Strengthened RC Slabs in a Corrosive Environment

This study was undertaken to address the effect of the main steel corrosion on the structural performance of RC slabs strengthened with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips and exposed to a corrosive environment. A total of eight specimens (500×100×1,500?mm) were constructed and tested under monotonic static loading. Three specimens were CFRP-strengthened and corroded, three specimens were CFRP-strengthened and kept at room temperature, one specimen was unstrengthened and corroded, and one specimen was neither strengthened nor corroded. Three different strengthening schemes were applied: (1) externally bonded CFRP strips; (2) externally bonded CFRP strips provided with CFRP anchors; and (3) near surface mounted (NSM) CFRP strips. During the corrosion process, the specimens were placed in a small tank filled with sodium chloride (NaCl) solution concentration (3%) which covered only the slabs’ bottom third, and corrosion was induced by means of an impressed current. The corrosion process lasted for 20 days, and the average mass loss of the main steel reinforcement due to corrosion was 9%. Following corrosion, the specimens were tested under four-point bending. The experimental results showed that the increase in flexural capacity achieved using the three strengthening schemes were significantly reduced due to corrosion of the main steel. The recorded reductions in flexural strength gains for the CFRP-strengthened corroded slabs relative to the gains for the strengthened uncorroded slabs were about 55, 38, and 41% for the externally bonded CFRP system without anchors, externally bonded CFRP with anchors, and NSM-CFRP system, respectively.     

Study on the simulated pickling of 443NT medium chrome ferritic stainless steel

The oxide scale structure of 443NT hot-rolled strips was analyzed.The pickling of 443NT stainless steel was simulated via the 6σexperimental design.The results indicate that parabolic relations exist between the pickling scores and some of the pickling influencing factors,such as the nitric acid density,the hydrofluoric acid density and the pickling temperature.Effective pickling of 443NT can be achieved by controlling the pickling processing parameters with the HNO₃ density ranging from 80 g/L to 180 g/L,the HF density from 20 g/L to 40 g/L and the pickling temperature from 45℃to 60℃.     

Effect of Microstructure of 304L SS and Thermal Aging of 304L SS Weld on the Corrosion Behavior in Simulated High Level Waste

The effect of oxidizing ions present in simulated high level liquid waste (HLW) on the corrosion behaviour of solution annealed, sensitized 304L SS and 304L SS weld was investigated by potentiodynamic anodic polarization technique. Potentiodynamic anodic polarization studies showed a higher passivation current density and increased corrosion potential (E_corr) in simulated HLW when compared to 3 M HNO₃ in all the specimen mentioned above. In addition, the effect of microstructure of thermally aged 304L SS weld on the corrosion behavior was investigated in simulated HLW medium. Thermal ageing of 304L SS weld was carried out at 1023 K/100 h. Optical microscopy confirmed step microstructure for solution annealed and ditch microstructure for the sensitized specimens. The weld region was found to possess delta-ferrite distributed in austenite matrix. Thermal ageing resulted in fragmentation/dissolution of delta-ferrite and transformation of delta-ferrite to carbides and sigma phases. The thermally aged 304L SS weld specimen showed only a marginal decrease in corrosion resistance in simulated HLW when compared to the 304L SS weld.     

板带热连轧过程氧化铁皮厚度变化的数值模拟

介绍了板带热连轧过程中表面氧化铁皮的结构和厚度演变规律,通过实验室氧化增重试验建立了氧化动力学模型,在此基础上结合热连轧过程钢板的温度变化趋势,对汽车大梁钢(510L)在热连轧过程中氧化铁皮的厚度变化进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与现场实际吻合较好。这为掌握热连轧过程中氧化铁皮厚度变化规律,调整生产工艺参数,抑制氧化铁皮生长提供了参考。     

Effect of lanthanum addition on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al-Sn-Bi anodes

Novel Al-Sn-Bi anodes with and without lanthanum (La) were prepared.To evaluate the corrosion properties of the anodes,constant current and dynamic loop tests were carried out to determine its efficiency and corrosion rate.Optical microscopy (OM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy spectrum analysis techniques were used to examine and analyze microstructure and corrosion behavior of the specimens.The result showed that the Al-Sn-Bi anodes with La additions revealed higher current efficiency an...     

新型2Cr1Mo2Ni钢在含二氧化碳油田采出液中的腐蚀行为

为弄清Mo和Ni元素在低Cr钢耐蚀方面所起的作用,炼制了新型2Cr1Mo2Ni钢,研究其在模拟油田采出液中的腐蚀行为,实验条件为80℃,0.8 MPa CO₂分压.利用扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了2Cr1Mo2Ni钢和3Cr钢的腐蚀产物膜微观形貌和成分,测试了高温高压极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,分析了腐蚀产物膜的生长过程.实验结果表明,Mo和Ni元素在提高抗CO₂腐蚀性能方面的作用不及Cr元素.2Cr1Mo2Ni钢腐蚀164 h后,中低频感抗弧消失,腐蚀产物膜开始完全覆盖基体表面;腐蚀240 h后,生成的腐蚀产物膜具有较好的保护性.      

集输管道CO2/油/水环境中X65钢的腐蚀特征

通过高温高压动态反应釜实验模拟油田集输管道腐蚀环境,采用腐蚀失重、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学分析等方法,研究了CO₂/油/水环境中X65钢的腐蚀行为. 结果表明:不同原油含水率条件下,X65钢CO₂腐蚀形态发生改变. 含水率较低(40%~50%)时,原油的浸润作用使X65钢表面发生均匀腐蚀,局部由于原油吸附不均匀出现点蚀特征;含水率在70%~80%之间时,原油对钢表面屏障作用减弱,生成的产物膜厚而疏松、局部脱落引发台地腐蚀;含水率为90%时,台地腐蚀破坏区域扩大,腐蚀加重. 原油可以明显改变腐蚀产物晶体颗粒大小、堆垛方式、产物膜结构以及化学成分. 在原油的缓蚀作用下,X65钢CO₂腐蚀过程的温度敏感点向低温段移动,出现在50℃左右,腐蚀速率降低区间变宽,X65钢耐蚀性增强.      

爆炸焊接——热轧双相不锈钢复合钢板研制

本文主要阐述了通过爆炸焊接和热轧的方法,研制成功可焊性良好的且具有较好强度、韧性与综合性能的双相耐应力腐蚀的不锈复合钢板。还将热轧与热处理的两种试验作了较全面的常规、特殊检验试验,结果完全达到使用要求。     

热带海洋大气环境冷轧钢板锈蚀规律

 海洋大气环境中影响冷轧钢板锈蚀的主要因素为温度、相对湿度和Cl-浓度。为了研究热带海洋大气环境下环境因素对冷轧钢板在仓库中储存起锈时间的影响，以温度、相对湿度和Cl-浓度等环境因素为变量，在室内模拟装置进行了冷轧钢板锈蚀观测试验；同时，在钢铁厂冷轧成品库房进行了冷轧钢板挂样锈蚀观测试验。结果表明，室内模拟试验和现场试验结果一致性很好，可以通过室内模拟试验研究冷轧钢板在库房中的锈蚀特征和规律；温度为20～30 ℃时，冷轧钢板起锈时间与大气环境相对湿度之间呈线性关系；温度为35～45 ℃时，冷轧钢板起锈时间与大气环境相对湿度之间呈指数关系；冷轧钢板起锈的临界相对湿度随温度升高而降低。     

Production of auto-body dual-phase steel with single-step cooling on the output conveyer of the 2000 continuous broad-strip mill at OAO NLMK

The goal is to produce hot-rolled dual-phase steel of strength class DP 450–600 at OAO Novolipetskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat (NLMK). The steel’s final structure and properties is greatly affected by single-stage strip cooling on the output roller conveyer of the 2000 continuous broad-strip mill. The influence of the hot-rolling parameters on the structure and mechanical properties of the hot-rolled SPRC440R steel from which cold-rolled dual-phase steel is produced at OAO NLMK is studied in the laboratory. The temperatures and rates for accelerated cooling on the output roller conveyer of the 2000 continuous broad-strip mill at OAO NLMK are calculated by means of a mathematical model. The laboratory data and simulation results are used in developing trial conditions for industrial rolling. Recommendations are made regarding the production of hot-rolled dual-phase steel corresponding to strength class DP 450–600.     

Mechanical,intergranular corrosion,and wear behavior of aluminum-matrix composite materials reinforced with nickel aluminides

This article presents experimental results of important properties of aluminum-matrix (AA 2014) composite materials reinforced with different intermetallics of the Ni-Al system. For the present study, the intermetallics are prepared either by mechanical alloying (MA) or by gas atomization (GA). The reinforced composite materials were manufactured by mixing the constituents, followed by uniaxial compacting of a preform and subsequent extrusion without canning or degassing. The present study considered the materials in the extruded state and after T6 heat treatment. Assessments were made from the viewpoint of microstructure (by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) and thermal characteristics (by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), with special emphasis on studying the reactions that take place between the matrix and the reinforcement and which produce a highly copper-enriched interphase. A study was also made of the effect of this reactivity on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of the composite materials, as well as the intergranular corrosion resistance of the materials in the extruded state.     

Corrosion fatigue in nitrocarburized quenched and tempered steels

In order to investigate the fatigue strength and fracture mechanism of salt bath nitrocarburized steels, specimens of the steels SAE 4135 and SAE 4140, in a quenched and tempered state, and additionally in a salt bath nitrocarburized and oxidizing cooled state as well as in a polished (after the oxidizing cooling) and renewed oxidized state, were subjected to comparative rotating bending fatigue tests in inert oil and 5 pct NaCl solution. In addition, some of the quenched and tempered specimens of SAE 4135 material were provided with an approximately 50-μm-thick electroless Ni-P layer, in order to compare corrosion fatigue behavior between the Ni-P layer and the nitride layers. Long-life corrosion fatigue tests of SAE 4135 material were carried out under small stresses in the long-life range up to 10⁸ cycles with a test frequency of 100 Hz. Fatigue tests of SAE 4140 material were carried out in the range of finite life (low-cycle range) with a test frequency of 13 Hz. The results show that the 5 pct NaCl environment drastically reduced fatigue life, but nitrocarburizing plus oxidation treatment was found to improve the corrosion fatigue life over that of untreated and Ni-P coated specimens. The beneficial effect of nitrocarburizing followed by oxidation treatment on cor-rosion fatigue life results from the protection rendered by the compound layer by means of a well-sealed oxide layer, whereby the pores present in the compound layer fill up with oxides. The role of inclusions in initiating fatigue cracks was investigated. It was found that under corrosion fatigue conditions, the fatigue cracks started at cavities along the interfaces of MnS inclusions and matrix in the case of quenched and tempered specimens. The nitrocarburized specimens, however, showed a superposition of pitting corrosion and corrosion fatigue in which pores and nonmetallic inclusions in the compound layer play a predominant role concerning the formation of pits in the substrate.     

Corrosion Behavior of 110S Tube Steel in Environments of High H2S and CO2 Content

 The corrosion behavior of the 110S tube steel in the environments of high H2S and CO2 content was investigated by using a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave, and the corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique. The results showed that all of the corrosion products under the test conditions mainly consisted of different types of iron sulfides such as pyrrhotite of Fe0. 95S, mackinawite of FeS0. 9, Fe0. 985S and FeS, and the absence of iron carbonate in the corrosion scales indicated that the corrosion process was controlled by H2S corrosion. The corrosion rate of the 110S steel decreased firstly and then increased with the rising of temperature. The minimum corrosion rate occurred at 110 ℃. When the H2S partial pressure PH2S below 9 MPa, the corrosion rate declined with the increase of PH2S. While over 9 MPa, a higher PH2S resulted in a faster corrosion process. With the increasing of the CO2 partial pressure, the corrosion rate had an increasing trend. The morphologies of the corrosion scales had a good accordance with the corrosion rates.     

控轧控冷工艺条件下Nb—V钢碳氮化物的析出行为

本文通过热模拟实验和电子显微技术等方法,系统地研究了控轧控冷对铌钒钛复合微合金化低碳热轧钢板的铌、钒、钛碳氧化物的析出行为的影响,研究结果对开发高强度船体用钢板具有参考价值。通过研究表明,在奥氏体区和铁素体区都用Ni(C,N）析出,对Nb、V的析出起了诱导作用,并与Nb、V形成复杂的碳氮化物。在铁素体中主要以基体均匀沉淀析出和位错沉淀析出。     

690合金的Pb致应力腐蚀行为

采用反U型试样,对690合金样品在高压釜内进行了4400 h的应力腐蚀实验,以研究其在含Pb溶液中的应力腐蚀规律.利用扫描电镜和能谱仪等分析了690合金在含Pb高温高压水环境中的应力腐蚀行为.扫描电镜结果表明,690合金在测试溶液中发生穿晶型应力腐蚀开裂,裂纹内部堆积着腐蚀产物,并且Pb掺杂在其中.裂纹区域的元素面扫描表明,690合金表面生成的腐蚀产物膜内层富Cr、外层富Ni,腐蚀产物与基体膨胀系数的差异导致裂纹快速扩展.试样内外表面的腐蚀形貌差异明显,内壁呈晶格网状,外壁呈一定方向性腐蚀沟堑,主要是由于内外表面状态不同造成的.      

Inclusion and its deformation behavior in 304 stainless steel

Non-metallic inclusion is the main reason for the presence of surface defects in cold-rolled steel strip. In this study,the composition,morphology,and size of the non-metallic inclusion in hot-rolled 304 stainless steel strips are analyzed. Cold-rolled 304 stainless steel strips with different cold-rolling reduction have been prepared,and the morphology and size of inclusion in these cold-rolled strips are also analyzed. Furthermore,the deformation behavior of a non-metallic inclusion during the cold-rolling process is studied. The results showthat Ca O-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3,a kind of brittle compound oxide,is the main type of inclusion in hot-rolled 304 stainless steel strips.During the cold-rolling process,ductile deformation of this type of inclusion is not obvious,where large inclusions are crushed,and the average size of inclusions in cold-rolled strips decreased while the cold-rolling reduction increased.