10％Mo/Cu-Al2O3复合材料的高温塑性变形行为

利用Gleeble-1500热力模拟试验机,在温度为350 ～ 750℃、应变速率为0.01 ～5 s-1、总应变量0.7的条件下,对10％Mo/Cu-Al2O3复合材料高温塑性变形过程中的动态再结晶行为及其热加工图进行研究和分析.试验结果表明:10％ Mo/Cu-Al2O3复合材料高温流动应力-应变曲线主要以动态再结晶软化机制为特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;同时,利用动态材料模型(DMM)加工图分析了10％Mo/Cu-Al2O3复合材料变形机制和失稳机制,并最终确定了热加工工艺参数选取范围:变形温度600 ～750℃、应变速率0.01 ～0.1 s-1.     

真空热压烧结W（50）/Cu-Al2O3的热压缩变形行为

采用真空热压烧结法制备了纳米Al2O3弥散强化铜为基体,W颗粒为增强相的W（50）/Cu-Al2O3新型复合材料。在Gleeble-1500D热模拟机上对真空热压烧结W（50）/Cu-Al2 O3复合材料进行等温热压缩实验,研究了在变形温度为650～950℃;变形速率为0.01～5 s-1;最大真应变为0.7条件下的流变应力行为。结果表明：在实验条件下,复合材料W（50）/Cu-Al2O3存在明显的动态再结晶特征,即变形初期,流变应力随着应变量的增大而迅速增大,达到峰值之后流变应力逐渐趋于平稳,不随应变的增加而明显变化。变形温度和变形速率对流变应力影响显著,随着温度的升高和应变速率的减小,峰值应力逐渐减小,并且在晶界交叉处出现再结晶晶粒,并逐渐增多。复合材料的主要软化机制为动态再结晶。建立了复合材料高温变形时的流变应力本构方程,并确定了热变形激活能Q为176.05 kJ/mol。     

TiC含量为30%的TiC/Cu-Al_2O_3复合材料的热压缩行为

利用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机,在温度为450~850℃、应变速率为0.001~1.000s-1、真应变量为0.7的条件下,对TiC含量为30%的TiC/Cu-Al2O3复合材料进行了热压缩试验,研究了其流变应力及本构方程。结果表明,材料的流变应力-应变曲线主要以动态再结晶软化机制为特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加,属于温度和应变速率敏感材料;在真应力-应变曲线基础上,建立的TiC/Cu-Al2O3复合材料高温本构模型可较好地表征其高温流变特征。     

Al2O3/Cu-WC复合材料热变形行为及热加工图

在Gleeble 1500D热模拟机上对Al2O3/Cu-WC复合材料进行热压缩实验,研究变形温度为350-750℃、应变速率为0.01-5 s 1条件下的热变形行为。结果表明:Al2O3/Cu-WC复合材料高温流变应力—应变曲线主要以动态再结晶软化机制为特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;热变形过程中的稳态流变应力可用双曲正弦本构关系式来描述,其激活能为229.17 kJ/mol。根据材料动态模型,计算并建立Al2O3/Cu-WC复合材料的热加工图,据此确定热变形流变失稳区及热变形过程的最佳工艺参数,其热加工温度为650-750℃,应变速率为0.1-1 s 1。     

20%Mo/Cu-Al2O3复合材料的强化机理及热变形行为

采用真空热压-内氧化烧结方法制备20%Mo/Cu-Al2O3复合材料,测试其性能并观察分析其微观组织。利用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机在温度为350~750℃、应变速率为0.01~5 s-1及总应变量0.5的条件下,对20%Mo/Cu-Al2O3复合材料热变形过程中的流变应力与应变之间的关系进行研究。结果表明:20%Mo/Cu-Al2O3复合材料的组织分布均匀,未观察到明显的团聚现象及孔洞,致密度较高。在材料基体上,原位内氧化生成的纳米级Al2O3颗粒呈弥散分布,增加了基体的强度。复合材料的高温流动应力—应变曲线以动态再结晶软化机制为主,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;在真应力—真应变曲线基础上建立的高温变形本构方程较好地表征了此复合材料的高温流变特性,其计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

W-50%Cu复合材料的高温变形行为及加工图

利用Gleeble-1500热力模拟试验机,在温度为650～950℃、应变速率为0.01～5 s-1、总应变量0.7的条件下,对W-50%Cu复合材料高温塑性变形过程中的动态再结晶行为及其热加工图进行了研究和分析。试验结果表明：W-50%Cu复合材料高温流动应力-应变曲线主要以动态回复和动态再结晶软化机制为特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;在真应力-应变曲线基础上,建立的W-50%Cu复合材料高温变形本构模型较好地表征了其高温流变特性;同时,利用W-50%Cu复合材料DMM加工图分析了其变形机制和失稳机制,可确定其热加工工艺优先选择变形温度650～700℃、应变速率1～5 s-1或变形温度850～950℃、应变速率0.01～0.1 s-1。     

新型Ti-V-Mo系钛合金热变形行为及热加工图研究

通过高温热压缩试验研究Ti-555钛合金热变形过程中变形温度、应变速率对流变应力的影响,采用Arrhenius双曲正弦函数模型推导出Ti-555本构方程,并依据动态材料模型建立了ε=0.6时的热加工图。结果表明,Ti-555钛合金流变应力对应变速率和变形温度较为敏感,热变形时随变形温度的升高或应变速率的降低,流变应力下降。根据热加工图确定了2个热加工安全区参数为:(1)变形温度为850～950℃、应变速率为0.6～10 s-1;(2)变形温度为950～1150℃、应变速率为0.36～0.9 s-1。     

Ti_2AlC/TiAl(Nb)复合材料热变形能力

采用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机对Ti2AlC/TiAl(Nb)复合材料进行高温压缩实验,实验温度范围为1000℃～1150℃,应变速率范围为10-3s-1～10-1s-1,工程压缩应变为50%,得到复合材料高温压缩真应力-真应变曲线。结果表明,Ti2AlC/TiAl(Nb)复合材料的高温变形流变应力对温度及应变速率敏感;流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随温度的升高而减小,可用位错-颗粒交互作用模型解释复合材料的应力-应变行为;Zenner-Hollomon参数的指数函数能够较好的描述该合金高温变形时的流变应力行为。建立的本构方程为ε=9.31×1011[sinh(0.0044σ)]2.52exp[-366.2/(RT)],其变形激活能为366.2kJ/mol。     

TiC含量对TiC/Cu-Al_2O_3复合材料热变形行为的影响

采用真空热压-内氧化烧结法制备TiC体积分数分别为0、10 vol%、20 vol%的TiC/Cu-Al2O3复合材料,观察和分析了其显微组织、测试和分析了其性能;利用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机,研究了3种复合材料在变形温度为450~850℃,应变速率为0.001~1 s-1条件下的热变形行为。结果表明,复合材料的相对密度在97.1%以上,随着TiC含量的增加,其导电率下降、硬度升高。TiC/Cu-Al2O3复合材料的真应力-真应变曲线主要以动态再结晶机制为特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;高温变形条件下TiC/Cu-Al2O3复合材料流变应力本构方程可以用双曲线正弦方程和Z参数描述;其热变形激活能分别为163.939 k J/mol(0 vol%TiC)、164.142 k J/mol(10 vol%TiC)和210.762 k J/mol(20 vol%TiC)。     

0.5Y2O3/Al2O3-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料的热变形行为及热加工图

采用真空快速热压烧结法制备了0.5Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料，在650～950℃温度范围和0.001～10 s^-1应变速率条件下，利用Gleeble-1500D数控动态-力学模拟试验机对0.5Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料进行热变形试验，根据试验结果绘制了其真应力-真应变曲线。根据动态材料学模型，构建了复合材料的热加工图，确定其适宜的热加工参数。结果表明：0.5Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料的真应力-真应变曲线存在典型的动态再结晶特征，其热激活能为211.109 kJ/mol,并构建了本构方程；基于动态材料模型构造的热加工图，确定了复合材料最佳的热加工工艺参数为：变形温度为725～950℃,应变速率为0.006～0.223 s^...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。