基于微观组织演变模拟的H型截面锻件模具和制坯研究

利用有限元模拟软件Deform-3D对典型H型截面构件的锻造过程进行数值模拟,并对不同模具和不同高宽比的坯料进行分析,可知采用闭式模具有利于此类锻件的成形,随着坯料高宽比的增大,锻件的晶粒大小、晶粒均匀性和动态再结晶体积分数都有提高,并且能降低成形载荷。利用闭式模具和高宽比较大的坯料能比较好地解决此类锻件成形所出现的粗晶、混晶及动态再结晶体积分数不高等问题,且有利于提高该类锻件的力学性能和生产设备的选择。     

基于有限元法的304不锈钢四通件挤压微观组织衍化研究

基于有限元理论分析和模拟相结合的方法,研究了304不锈钢四通件挤压成形过程中的组织演化规律,揭示了坯料金属动态再结晶体积分数和平均晶粒尺寸的分布。研究发现:在坯料初始晶粒尺寸为150μm状态下,挤压结束后,最小晶粒尺寸可达到11.6μm。     

基于动态再结晶的304不锈钢法兰管锻压温度优化

塑性变形温度是影响坯料金属动态再结晶的关键因素之一.因此,研究揭示坯料初始温度对304不锈钢塑性变形过程中动态再结晶的影响规律有重要意义.基于DEFORM-2D软件,研究揭示了304不锈钢法兰管锻压成形过程中坯料初始温度对于坯料金属动态再结晶体积分数、平均晶粒尺寸的影响规律,获得了优化的坯料初始温度为1150～1200℃.     

AISI304不锈钢管穿孔针挤压动态再结晶规律(英文)

在AISI304不锈钢管穿孔针挤压成形过程中,揭示挤压坯料的动态再结晶规律,是实现动态再结晶行为的有效控制,从而获得具有细晶及合格微观组织的管材的基础和关键。基于DEFORM-2D软件平台,以d29mm×4.5mmAISI304不锈钢管的穿孔针挤压过程为研究对象,首先建立了该过程适用、可靠的多尺度有限元分析模型;通过大量的数值模拟分析,阐明了关键挤压成形参数(即坯料初始温度和挤压速度)对挤压坯料的动态再结晶体积分数、平均晶粒尺寸及其分布的影响规律,所得结论为根据挤压管材的微观组织对AISI304不锈钢管穿孔针挤压成形过程进行优化设计与稳健控制提供了重要理论依据和指南。     

304不锈钢法兰管锻压成形组织衍化模拟研究

采用数值模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,研究了304不锈钢法兰管锻压成形过程中坯料金属动态再结晶体积分数、平均晶粒尺寸的分布和衍化规律.锻压结束后,最小品粒尺寸达到17.9μm(初始晶粒尺寸设定为150μm),平均晶粒尺寸小于30、60μm的金属体积分别可达到8.8％和52％以上.研究结果能为304不锈钢法兰锻压工艺优化设计提供指导.     

7050铝合金动态再结晶的数值模拟和EBSD分析

结合DEFORM-3D软件和EBSD技术对7050铝合金热压缩变形进行分析,讨论应变速率对动态再结晶体积分数和晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,柱形试样的动态再结晶体积分数和晶粒尺寸分布不均匀;随应变速率的增加,端面难变形区的动态再结晶体积分数增加而再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,并且模拟结果与EBSD分析结果相一致。     

鼓形环坯轧制的宏微观变化数值模拟研究

针对鼓形环坯建立了环件径轴向轧制三维有限元模型,通过Simufact软件对鼓形环坯轧制的宏微观变化进行了耦合模拟,模拟揭示了鼓形环坯在轧制过程中的温度、等效应变、晶粒、动态再结晶的分布和演化规律;深入研究了轧制成形过程中径向每圈压入量对环锻件微观组织大小的影响规律。结果表明:基于鼓形环坯获得的环锻件,其内外侧棱边处发生的动态再结晶体积分数最大,晶粒最为细小,其次是内外表面和上下表面,心部动态再结晶体积分数最小,晶粒尺寸最大;适当增大径向每圈压入量,能够扩大动态再结晶区域,获得晶粒尺寸细小的环锻件。     

40MnV锻态钢热变形组织演变的计算机模拟

借助元胞自动机理论,以动态再结晶体积分数和再结晶尺寸分布为模拟目标,在Deform软件模块中对40MnV锻态钢热变形过程中的微观组织演变进行了计算机模拟,并在相应工艺下对40MnV锻态钢进行了试验验证。结果表明,当锻压温度为940、1 040、1 140和1 240℃时,随着锻压温度的升高,40MnV合金钢再结晶体积分数逐渐升高,再结晶晶粒尺寸不断增加。计算机模拟得到的再结晶体积分数和再结晶晶粒尺寸分布结果与试验结果保持一致。     

Hastelloy C-276合金热变形动态再结晶模型研究

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机研究了Hastelloy C-276镍基合金在不同变形条件下的热压缩流变应力曲线,热变形过程中发生了动态再结晶行为。利用加工硬化率-应力关系曲线确定了动态再结晶临界条件,采用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(JMA)方程计算再结晶体积分数实验值,建立了C-276合金动态再结晶体积分数和晶粒尺寸预测模型。结果表明:C-276合金动态再结晶体积分数随着应变量的增加,呈现典型的"S型"曲线;获得临界应变条件表达式:lnε_c=0.144lnZ-7.173;动态再结晶体积分数表达式X_(drx)=1-exp{-1.4034[(ε-ε_c)/ε_(0.5)]~(2.58384)},预测值和实验值的平均误差为2.16%;晶粒长大表达式d_(drx)=6.58×10~3Z~(-0.168),预测值和实验值的平均误差为6.63%。     

桥梁建筑用HPS485wf钢动态再结晶过程的模拟

采用计算机模拟方法研究了HPS485wf钢的动态再结晶行为。结果表明,试验钢的动态再结晶显示出经典模型的演变规律。在变形过程中,试验钢发生了多次动态再结晶过程。模拟得到的组织演变过程、动态再结晶体积分数以及晶粒尺寸变化规律与试验结果吻合。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.