Radiated emissions and immunity of microstrip transmission lines:theory and reverberation chamber measurements

The increasing complexity of electronic systems has introduced an increased potential for electromagnetic interference (EMI) between electronic systems. We analyze the radiation from a microstrip transmission line and calculate the total radiated power by numerical integration. Reverberation chamber methods for measuring radiated emissions and immunity are reviewed and applied to three microstrip configurations. Measurements from 200 to 2000 MHz are compared with theory, and excellent agreement is obtained for two configurations that minimize feed cable and finite ground plane effects. Emissions measurements are found to be more accurate than immunity measurements because the impedance mismatch of the receiving antenna cancels when the ratio of the microstrip and reference radiated power measurements is taken. The use of two different receiving antenna locations for emissions measurements illustrates good field uniformity within the chamber     

Effect of substrate on the efficiency of an arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch antenna

A general approach is presented for the determination of power radiated via the space wave and surface wave from the aperture of an arbitrarily shaped microstrip antenna. The magnetic current model is used for this, and the analysis is carried out in the Fourier domain to determine the effect of the substrate. It has been shown that, in the Fourier domain, the longitudinal components of electric and magnetic displacement vectors follow the transmission line equation and can be solved by inspection. An expression for total radiated power has been derived. The singularities of the integral for power radiation indicate the presence of surface wave modes, and the associated power has been obtained using a singularity extraction technique. The effect of the substrate on space wave power has also been determined. This theory has been applied to a rectangular patch antenna. The results are in conformity with those reported in the literature. It has been found that for the frequency range (h/lambda, < 0.02), the effect of dielectric substrate can be neglected.     

Circular groove shaped resonator for millimeter waves

In millimeter wave lengths region semiconductor generators, amplifiers, mixers and other solid state UHF devices find a wide application. In our work, we suggested to use aCircular Through-Shaped Resonator for obtaining power combination using active elements at frequency region Δf≈20–40 GHz. The resonator is formed by two plane aluminum reflectors. The first reflector has a circular groove. The second reflector has coupling elements. The first and the second reflectors are considered as a ring groove shaped waveguide. A resonator spectrum was calculated and analyzed in the frequency range Δf ≈20–40 GHz. It is showed that, in the given frequency range the resonator spectrum has a complicated structure and is formed by a series of spectrum lines; a frequency range between the series increases with the frequency increasing. We studied on transmission coefficient of the resonator, frequency shifts of spectrum lines when inserting a thin (t/λ≈0.003) dielectric substrates into the resonator, and also attenuation constants of waves propagating in circular groove (due to losses in metal).     

浅海中声源激发的波场成分及特性分析

为更好地认识和利用浅海波导中的声场,该文对浅海中声源激发的波场成分及特性进行了研究.提出了能给出浅海中声场全波解的理论研究方法,给出了声场的复积分表达式,并在复平面上利用围道积分对声场复积分式进行求解,得出了浅海中声源激发出的声场组成部分;同时应用高阶交错网格有限差分法对浅海中声场进行数值模拟,呈现出了不同海水深度、声...     

基于折叠型SIR 谐振器的双通带滤波器设计

文中提出了一种基于折叠型SIR 谐振器的双通带频率可控的微带滤波器,它由SIR 谐振器特性结合 传输线理论实现。该滤波器设计为具有两个自由度,调节谐振器的导带宽度可以对两个通带之间的频率及其间隔 进行调节。文中还研究了调整谐振器导带长度对滤波器频率特性的影响。测试结果表明,该微带滤波器有两个通 带,其中心频率分别为2. 79 GHz 和3. 90 GHz,带内最小插入损耗分别为-0. 96 dB 和-3. 0 dB,带内最小回波损耗分 别为-42 dB 和-18 dB,相对带宽分别为5. 7%和6. 7%。仿真和测试结果的一致性证实了滤波器设计的有效性。     

基于圆形微带贴片谐振器的滤波跨接器设计

提出了一种基于圆形微带贴片谐振器的滤波跨接器,利用圆形微带贴片谐振器中简并模TM11A和TM11B模式的正交性来实现信号的交叉传输.在两个圆形微带贴片谐振器之间引入耦合槽和耦合桥,信号可以从一个圆形微带贴片滤波单元高效传输至另外一个圆形微带贴片滤波单元,亦即将两个圆形微带贴片谐振器级联,从而实现该滤波跨接器的滤波响应....     

Simple resonator method for measuring dispersion of microstrip

The method uses the resonant frequencies of a simple straight microstrip resonator, short-circuited at both ends. It is excited by passing a current through one of the short circuits. Graphs of effective relative permittivity against frequency are given for resonators on alumina and quartz substrates, with an error of within only ±0.1%.     

Spurious Radiation from a Microstrip Y Junction

The radiation from a microstrip Y junction is calculatcd as a function of angle. It is shown that the radiated power increases monotonically with the Y angle, decreases inversely as the dielectric constant of the substrate for large permittivities, and increases as the square of the substrate thickness for thin substrates.     

薄膜电阻对微带均衡器的影响研究

为了使微带均衡器满足衰减特性与给定的误差曲线逐点拟和的要求,就必须使其频率可调、衰减可调、品质因数可调。因此,本文通过大量仿真和实验,研究了加载了薄膜电阻的微带谐振器及其在微带均衡器中的应用,研究分析了薄膜电阻对微带均衡器传输特性及驻波特性的影响。研究结果表明将薄膜电阻加载到微带谐振器上构造微带均衡器,可以通过改变谐振器的尺寸使其频率可调,通过改变电阻阻值及位置使其衰减可调、品质因数可调。大量HFSS仿真及实验证明这种方式很适合微带均衡器的设计制造。本文利用这种结构设计制作出了一个宽带微带均衡器,得到了很好的实验结果。     

Transmission line model for mutual coupling between microstrip antennas

Although more rigorous treatments have been developed for mutual coupling between microstrip antennas, the purpose of this transmission line model is to provide a numerically efficient substitute for them. Therefore, two approximations have been introduced: first, the surface waves have been neglected and second, each rectangular resonator is replaced by two equivalent radiating slots. In most practical cases the approximations are acceptable; this has been proved while comparing the transmission line model with other published results. It is obvious that the efficieney of the transmission model and can be used to include mutual coupling in practical analysis or synthesis routines for arrays of rectangular microstrip antennas.     

零点可控的1／4波长谐振器滤波器

基于微带耦合线零点产生原理,并结合奇偶模分析方法,设计了一种零点可控的1／4波长谐振器滤波器,其工作中心频率为2GHz,零点频率为3．06GHz,带宽为190MHz。微带谐振器的长度为中心频率1／4波长,其中耦合长度为零点频率处1／4波长。研究结果表明该滤波器可以通过调节谐振器的耦合长度实现有限频率的传输零点的控制。与传统的滤波器相比,此滤波器具有结构尺寸小,零点可独立控制的优越性。     

Fringing-Field Effects in Edge-Guided Wave Devices

An equivalent model is presented for evaluating the fringing-field effects in edge-guided waves (EGW) propagating along ferrite microstrip circuits. It is based on the approximate model developed by Getsinger for nonferromagnetic microstrip circuits. Fringing-field effects are characterized by a fringing-field parameter b/b' whose numerical value is determined by experiment. Measurements are made on EGW resonators of various shapes for different values of the applied magnetic bias. Finally, the fringing-field parameter is used to evaluate the ratio between the reactive power stored in the fringing fields and the RF power in the ferrite under the strip conductor in a disk resonator.     

Surface wave fields and power in millimeter wave integrated dipole antennas

In this paper simple closed form expressions of surface wave fields for microstrip dipoles on grounded substrates are presented. The surface power, radiated power and radiation efficiency are calculated. It is shown that the radiation efficiency decreases with the increase of substrate electrical thickness. Hence new type antennas are needed to radiate millimeter wave because of the effect of the surface waves in substrate.     

基于印刷电路板的辐射抑制分析

使用矩量法研究印刷电路板上微带线的辐射干扰及其抑制方法。给出微带线辐射效应的模型,并利用数值算法分析单微带线和有屏蔽线的单微带线的辐射功率。仿真结果显示,加入匹配屏蔽线的单微带线辐射功率明显小于未加屏蔽线时的功率。因此,在数字电路的电磁兼容设计中,对强信号线加匹配屏蔽线能有效地降低对外界的辐射干扰。     

Transmission Bandwidth of a Lens Waveguide with a Curved Axis

In a lens waveguide with a curved axis, light beams appreciably different in frequency split and take different paths due to the effect of chromatic aberration of lens. The deviation from a main beam can grow cumulatively through the curved lens waveguide. This effect knits permissible bandwidth to be transmitted without loss of beams. For bends having tilts and offsets at the connections to the straight waveguides, the deviation of the light beam from the guide axis due to the effect of chromatic aberration is derived. With random circular bends the bandwidth is inversely proportional to the square root of the number of bends and proportional to the average radius of curvature. For a normal design of the curved waveguide the allowable bandwidth is expected to be sufficiently broad for signal transmission, but it is narrow in the sense of optical frequency.     

A novel dual-mode bandpass filter with wide stopband using the properties of microstrip open-loop resonator

A novel dual-mode microstrip square loop resonator is proposed using the slow-wave and dispersion features of the microstrip slow-wave open-loop resonator. It is shown that the designed and fabricated dual-mode microstrip filter has a wide stopband including the first spurious resonance frequency. Also, it has a size reduction of about 50% at the same center frequency, as compared with the dual-mode bandpass filters such as microstrip patch, cross-slotted patch, square loop, and ring resonator filter.     

Microstrip disk antennas, Part I: Efficiency of space wave launching

A theoretical study on the problem of surface wave excitation of microstrip disk antennas is presented. The cavity model with magnetic sidewalls and dyadic Green's functions in stratified media is used to obtain the radiated fields in an integral form. Lossless media are assumed such that there is no cross coupling between the powers in the space (P_{SP}) and surface (P_{SU}) waves. The separate contributions of these two powers is examined. With the assumption thatP_{SU}does not contribute to the main radiation patterns of the antenna an efficiency of space wave launching and a corresponding antenna directivity are defined. Values of efficiency and directivity as functions of the dimensions of the antenna and for two values of dielectric constants of the substrate are shown. Agreement of these results with some of the available data is observed. It is worth noting thatP_{SU}may correspond to an appreciable portion of the total radiated power.     

微带均衡器加载电阻设计研究

论述了电阻加载的L型微带谐振器及其在微带均衡器中的应用,分析了加载电阻对微带均衡器的影响,研究了微带均衡器加载电阻设计方法。通过对加载电阻的位置和阻值的研究,得到将薄膜电阻加载到微带谐振器上构造均衡器,可以使其不仅频率可调,而且可以衰减可调、品质因数可调。文章给出了利用这种结构设计的带宽微带均衡器,并得到实验验证。