Twice reverse shape memory effect in CuZnAl shape memory alloy

The variations of the shape memory effects in the Cu-13Zn-15Al(mole fraction, %) alloy upon successive heating (the rate of heating is 5℃/min) have been studied by means of ρ-T curve , shape memory effect measurement, optical metallographical observation and X-ray diffraction. The first abnormal reverse shape memory effect occurs when the tested alloy is heated to the temperature below 320℃ ; when it is heated to the temperature between 320℃ and 450℃, the forward shape memory effect occurs; in the two stages, the shape of the sample remains the same as that in the furnace when it is taken out from the furnace and air-cooled; when the tested alloy is heated to the temperature above 450℃, the shape of the sample remains unchanged during heating, but the second reverse shape memory effect occurs after it is air-quenched.     

Ti-Ni-Cu形状记忆合金的温度记忆效应

采用差示扫描量热仪研究了Ti50Ni35Cu15以及Ti50Ni45Cu5(摩尔分数,%)形状记忆合金的温度记忆效应.结果表明:温度记忆效应仅在Ti-Ni-Cu合金的逆转变加热过程出现,在单斜结构马氏体与母相逆相变(B19'→B2)及正交结构马氏体与母相逆相变(B19→B2)过程中均能发生温度记忆效应;在随后的完全循环过程中,温度记忆记忆效应不再出现,DSC相变曲线又"恢复"到其原始形态;而在马氏体相变冷却过程中未发现温度记忆效应.分析表明,不完全相变过程中的弹性能再分布是可能的温度记忆效应机制.     

Two-way shape memory effect and its stability in Ti-Ni-Hf high temperature shape memory alloy

The two-way shape memory effect(TWSME) in a Ti36 Ni49 Hf15 high temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) was systematically studied by bending tests. In the TiNiHf alloy, the martensite deformation is an effective method to get two-way shape memory effect even with a small deformation strain. The results indicate that the internal stress field formed by the bending deformation is in the direction of the preferentially oriented martensite variants formed during the bending deformation. Upon cooling the preferentially oriented martensite variants form under such an oriented stress field, which should be responsible for the generation of the two-way shape memory effect.Proper training process benefits the formation of the oriented stress field, resulting in the improvement of the twoway shape memory effect. A maximum TWSME of 0.88% is obtained in the present alloy.     

DSC study on temperature memory effect of NiTi shape memory alloy

A systematic study on the temperature memory effect （TME） in a polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy was presented. The investigation was carded out through a series of differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） tests. Two types of tests were conducted, namely single-step test and multi-step test. The influence of the step temperature on the peak/trough temperatures in the subsequent heating process and the associated energy absorption/release in the phase transformations was investigated. Using a simple theoretical model, the exact mechanism behind TME was studied.     

深冷处理对Ni-Ti合金形状记忆效应的影响

用退火、DSC、XRD、深冷处理及机械训练等方法,对Ni(50.62%)Ti(49.38%)合金的显微组织、相变温度、相组成、形状回复率进行研究,探索提高该合金形状记忆效应的新方法。结果表明,该合金Ms点为-2℃,As点为22℃;退火态Ni-Ti合金主要由奥氏体及少量粒状的Ti3Ni4相组成;用液氮与乙醇经不同比例混合配制成的介质进行深冷处理,随着深冷温度的降低,合金的形状回复率增大;随着训练次数的增加,其回复率曲线呈抛物线状;该合金在3次机械训练-196℃深冷时回复率最好,为51.27%。     

热处理工艺对Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni合金形状记忆效应的影响

研究了回复退火温度及淬火工艺对Fe-20Mn-5Si-5Cr-3Ni合金形状记忆效应的影响.结果表明,合适的回复退火温度能够有效提高Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni合金的形状记忆效应,淬火工艺对合金的形状回复率有较大影响.合金在500～600℃回复退火可以获得较好的形状记忆效应;600℃淬火后形状回复率最高达92%.在水中或油中淬火后,合金的形状记忆效应差别不大.     

Incomplete transformation of Ti-Ni-X ternary shape memory alloy

If the reverse transformation of a shape memory alloy is arrested, a kinetic stop will appear in the next complete transformation. The kinetic stop temperature has a close relation with the previous arrest temperature. This kinetic stop can be regarded as a ＂memory＂ of the previous arrest temperature. This phenomenon is named temperature memory effect（TME）. The TME induced by incomplete cycling in Ti-Ni-Nb and Ti-Ni-Cu alloys was systematically investigated by performing either a single incomplete cycle, or a sequence of incomplete cycles with different arrested temperatures. The results indicate that TME only exists in the heating process, and TME can occur both in B 19＇→B2 and B 19→B2 reverse transformation during heating process. But, there is no evidence of TME during cooling in the Ti-Ni-X ternary alloys. And the reverse transformation temperature interval （At-As） of the Ti44-Ni47-Nb9 alloy induced by TME can be significantly enlarged compared with that of the Ti-Ni-Cu alloy by performing multi-times incomplete transformation cycling with a decreasing order arrested temperature.     

回复加热速度对上淬Cu-Al-Mn合金的形状记忆效应的影响

采用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和电阻率测量技术,研究回复加热速度对上淬后Cu-8.8Al-10.27Mn合金的形状记忆效应的影响。结果表明：材料形状回复率随回复加热速度的减小而减小。当回复加热速度为20°C/min时,形状回复率可达75%;而当回复加热速度为1°C/min时,其形状回复率仅为8%。原位金相观察表明：材料的形状记忆效应是由马氏体逆转变后的残余孪晶形变马氏体的稳定性引起的。电阻率分析结果表明：残余孪晶形变马氏体的稳定性与其界面处空位与位错在慢速加热时形成的复合缺陷相关。而复合缺陷的形成会阻碍孪晶形变马氏体的逆转变。     

热循环对Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni合金形状记忆效应的影响

采用电阻法和OM等手段研究了不同温度区间的热循环对Fe-14Mn-5.5Si-8Cr-5Ni合金微观组织和形状记忆效应的影响。结果表明:298 K～353 K、520 K、773 K和77 K～773 K热循环1次后,合金形状回复率均大幅度提高;298～773 K循环5次后的形状回复率提高了26%,77～773 K热循环5次后的形状回复率提高了36%。热循环显著减少了因淬火热应力导致的热诱发ε马氏体量,并且热诱发ε马氏体的逆转变向基体引入了大量的堆垛层错。与固溶态相比,热循环后再变形不仅使α’马氏体的数量显著减少,而且应力诱发ε马氏体以区域化的方式形成,因而合金的形状记忆效应显著提高。77～773 K的热循环比298～773 K的热循环更能显著提高合金形状记忆效应的原因是由于其引入了更多的堆垛层错。     

镍钛形状记忆合金尺寸效应的实验研究

对不同尺寸的镍钛形状记忆合金试样进行了静态压缩试验,结果表明,镍钛形状记忆合金在静态压缩时表现出了明显的尺寸效应:在所研究的高径比范围内,随着高径比的增加,试样在加载阶段具有硬化现象,卸载阶段具有软化现象;母相及应力诱发马氏体相弹性模量都随高径比的增加而增加;相变超弹性曲线包围的面积,即相变滞后宽度也随高径比的增加显著增加;应力诱发马氏体相变初始应力随高径比的增加具有分段性,由此推测存在一临界高径比,在高于和低于临界高径比的两个范围内,相变初始应力都随高径比的增加而降低,在临界高径比处,相变初始应力跳跃很大。     

Influence of roll and solution treatment processing on shape memory effect of Fe-14Mn-5Si-9Cr-5Ni alloy

The shape memory effect was studied in an Fe-14Mn-5Si-9Cr-5Ni alloy rerolled at 1123 K after hot rolling at 1423 K, followed by solution treatment at different temperatures. It was found that the alloy exhibits a maximum degree of shape recovery in a bending test and a complete recovery tensile strain of 2.2% in samples that were solution heated at 973 K for 600 s and then quenched in water. The rerolled processing at 1123 K after hot rolling at 1423 K and the microstructure under solution treatment state are important for obtaining a good shape memory effect in the alloy.     

退火温度对淬火态Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni合金记忆效应的影响

研究了退火温度对淬火态预先存在热诱发ε马氏体的Fe-14Mn-5.5Si-8.0Cr-5.0Ni合金和无热诱发ε马氏体的Fe-19Mn-5.0Si-8.0Cr-6.0Ni合金记忆效应的影响。结果表明:预先存在热马氏体合金的形状回复率随退火温度的升高,先上升后下降,在500℃附近达到最大值。但无热马氏体存在合金的形状回复率随退火温度的变化却相反,在500℃附近达到最小值;两种合金的Ms温度都随退火温度的升高而下降,在500℃附近达到最低。预先存在热马氏体的合金由于退火后Ms温度的降低,减少了热诱发的马氏体量,因而形状记忆效应得到了提高;而无热马氏体存在的合金由于退火后Ms温度的进一步下降,使得应力诱发马氏体转变更不容易发生,因此形状记忆效应反而下降。     

时效工艺对Ti-Ni-V形状记忆合金显微组织和超弹性的影响

采用TEM和拉伸实验研究经300、400和500℃分别时效0.5-100 h后,时效温度和时效时间对Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V(摩尔分数,%)形状记忆合金室温显微组织和超弹性(SE)的影响。结果表明,时效温度对合金析出相形貌和SE特性的影响比时效时间显著。随时效温度的升高,合金中Ti3Ni4析出物形态由颗粒状向针状再向粗片状演变,合金的应力诱发马氏体相变临界应力(σM)降低,SE特性变差。300℃时效态合金的σM最大,SE最好;500℃时效态合金的σM最小,SE最差。随时效时间的延长,300℃时效态合金的SE特性稳定,σM和超弹性能耗降低;400和500℃时效态合金的超弹性残余应变增加,SE特性逐渐消失。     

NiTi形状记忆合金的热电行为

研究了形状记忆合金线的热电行为。当合金线被加热到温度高于其相变温度时,由于相的转变而产生一个大的机械力。将 SMA 线用作驱动器,并研究了不同的参数及它们之间的关系。在不同的压力水平下,这些变化的参数分别是弹性应变(位移)、温度磁滞和电阻。通过传递热模型得到安全的加热电流并预测了相变温度。在自然空气对流的条件下,采用680 mA的电流加热、冷却合金线796 s。在43 MPa的应力水平下,应变恢复率为4.33%,相应的电阻变化为11.2%。在加热、冷却循环过程中,电阻变化与位移和电流分别呈线性关系。该研究有助于精确控制有、无外部传感器反馈的SMA线驱动器。     

时效对TiNiCr形状记忆合金马氏体相变与超弹性的影响(英文)

通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、透射电子显微观察(TEM)、差式扫描量热分析(DSC)与拉伸实验研究时效处理对Ti48.4Ni51.1Cr0.5合金显微组织、马氏体相变与超弹性的影响规律与机制。经400°C时效处理30 min后,合金中形成Ti3Ni4析出相。当时效温度介于400°C和500°C之间时,合金表现出两步马氏体相变。经时效处理的Ti48.4Ni51.1Cr0.5合金在室温下表现出优异的超弹性。随时效温度自300°C升高到450°C,超弹性恢复率增加。继续升高时效温度,恢复率下降。超弹性应力滞后表现出相反的变化趋势。通过分析Ti3Ni4析出相随时效处理的演化规律解释了时效处理与马氏体相变和超弹性之间的关系。     

Comparison of shape memory effect between casting and forged alloys of Fe14Mn6Si9Cr5Ni

The effect of different manufacturing techniques on the shape memory effect (SME) of the Fe14Mn6Si9Cr5Ni alloy has been studied. The SMEs of casting and forged alloys are similar. At ambient temperature, creep and stress-relaxation experiments of the casting alloy show that the casting alloy presents a good creep rupture strength. The manufactured pipe joints of the casting alloys keep jointing under a tensile force of 20 kN and keep sealing under a pressure of 5 MPa. Those excellent mechanical properties satisfy the requirements for pipe jointing in general industrial applications.     

晶粒细化对Cu-12.2Al-4.0Mn形状记忆合金加工性能的影响

测定了Ｃｕ１２ ．２Ａｌ４ ．０ Ｍｎ 形状记忆合金的塑性图, 研究了微量元素Ｎｉ, Ｃｏ 和Ｂ 对合金的显微组织和加工性能的影响。结果表明：１） 试验合金在７００ ℃～８００ ℃高温β相状态下具有非常 好的塑性加工性能, 而在室温则呈脆性断裂;２） 试验合金中加入少量的（Ｎｉ＋ Ｂ＋ Ｃｏ） , 可以细化合金的晶粒,提高合金的冷加工性能;３） 采用有利发挥合金塑性的加工方法, 则能提高该合金的冷加工性能     

Electrochemical behavior of YAG laser-welded NiTi shape memory alloy

Electrochemical behaviors of laser-welded Ti-50.6%Ni（mole fraction） shape memory alloy and the base metal in 0.9% NaCl solution were investigated by electrochemical techniques as corrosion potential measurement, linear and potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicate that the laser-welded NiTi alloy is less susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion than the base metal, which is demonstrated by the increase in polarization resistance（Rp） and pitting potential（φpit） and decrease in corrosion current density（Jcorr） and mean difference between φpit and φprot values. It is confirmed by scanning electron microscope micrographs that pits could be observed on the surface of base metal but not on the surface of laser-welded alloy after potentiodynamic tests. An improvement of corrosion resistance of laser-welded NiTi alloy could be attributed to almost complete dissolution of inclusions upon laser welding.     

Microstructures and transformation behavior of Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloy powders fabricated by ball milling method

Ti-Ni and Ti-Ni-Cu alloy powders have been fabricated by ball milling after which their microstructures and transformation behaviors were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The powders of as-milled Ti-Ni-Cu alloys whose Cu-content is less than 5 at.% were mixtures of crystal and amorphous, whereas those alloy powders whose Cu-content is more than 10 at.% were crystalline. The B19’ martensite is formed in the Ti-Ni-Cu alloy powders whose Cu-content is less than 10 at.%, whereas the B19 and B19’ martensites coexist in those whose Cu-content is more than 10 at.%. The martensitic transformation range became wider with increasing rotating speed, and so endothermic and exothermic peaks obtained from differential scanning calorimetry were indiscernible.