对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维/环氧树脂复合材料防弹性能及其破坏机制

为研究对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维/环氧树脂（Epoxy resin,EP）复合材料的防弹性能及其破坏机制,采用铅芯弹侵彻复合材料靶片。以对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维作增强纤维,EP作基体树脂,纳米SiO₂和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（Polyvinyl butyral,PVB）作增韧剂,通过热压工艺制备单向（Unidirectional,UD）结构的对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维/EP复合材料靶片。研究单片纤维面密度、UD片材结构、射击角度和树脂改性对靶片防弹性能的影响;观察弹击实验后靶片的破坏形貌,分析靶片的破坏机制。研究结果表明:对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维/EP复合材料具有优异的防弹性能,随着单层纤维面密度的增大,靶片的防弹性能呈现整体上升、局部上下波动的变化趋势;铺层方式为0°/90°/0°/90°的四层单UD片材（4UD）结构的防弹性能优于铺层方式为0°/90°的两层单UD片材（2UD）结构;角度射击时,靶片的穿透比率更大,背衬凹陷深度（Back face signature,BFS）比率更小;PVB增韧改性EP提升了靶片的防弹性能;纤维拉伸变形破坏、片材分层和基体树脂碎裂是复合材料靶片主要的吸能方式。      

Effect of microwave irradiation on carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite fabricated by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding

The effects of microwave irradiation for resin-curing of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite (CFRTS), which was fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) method, were investigated at 2.45 GHz frequency. The mechanical properties of CFRTS cured by microwave irradiation for 20 min at 120 °C were similar as compared to the conventional oven for 300 min at 120 °C. Moreover, the CFRTS irradiated by microwave had better adherence property between fiber and resin as compared to conventional oven at same resin-curing time. From the relation between resin-curing and mechanical property, it was found that the curing rate of microwave-irradiated CFRTS was 15 times faster as compared to conventional heating. Furthermore, the activation energies for resin-curing reaction on conventional- and microwave-cured CFRTS were estimated to be 2.7 and 1.3 × 10⁴ J/mol, respectively. The resin-curing reaction in CFRTS prepared by VARTM method was significantly promoted by microwave irradiation at short time.     

UHMWPE纤维/碳纤维复合材料用改性环氧树脂的制备及性能

用甲基丙烯酸改性环氧树脂E-51制备了UHMWPE纤维/碳纤维复合材料用基体树脂,主要研究了反应时间和催化剂用量对改性环氧树脂及复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当甲基丙烯酸与环氧树脂摩尔比为1.1∶1.0、催化剂二乙基胺用量为0.35%（质量分数）、反应温度为110℃时,改性反应6h所得改性环氧树脂与UHMWPE纤维/碳纤维的复合材料的性能较好。用FTIR、DMA、SEM对改性环氧树脂及复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征,甲基丙烯酸改性环氧树脂对UHMWPE和碳纤维具有较好的粘接性。     

The interfacial shear strength of Kevlar fiber/epoxy composite measured by the microdroplet test

Epoxy chloropropane (ECP) grafting modification method was used for the surface treatment of Kevlar fiber to improve the interfacial adhesion of the Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy composite. The surface characteristics of untreated and treated Kevlar fiber were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscope. The interfacial shear strength between epoxy and Kevlar fiber was analyzed by measuring from microdroplet specimens adhered onto a single carbon fiber. Microdroplet specimens exhibited different results of the interfacial strength due to the Kevlar fiber surface treatment. The results showed that a larger shear stress concentration arose along the interface for the surface treated model than for the untreated one.     

快速固化环氧树脂及其碳纤维/环氧复合材料性能

采用双酚A型环氧树脂（DGEBA）、改性咪唑（MIM）及改性脂肪胺（MAA）研制快速固化树脂体系。分别利用DSC和流变仪测试了树脂体系的固化特性与流变行为,优选了树脂配方。采用真空辅助树脂灌注工艺（VARIM）制备了快速成型的碳纤维/环氧复合材料层板,考察了层板的成型质量和力学性能,并与常规固化的层板性能进行了对比。结果表明：采用优选的树脂配方,120 ℃下树脂在5 min内固化度达95%,碳纤维/环氧复合材料层板成型固化时间可控制在13 min以内,固化度达95%以上,并且没有明显缺陷;与常规固化相比（固化时间大于2 h）,快速固化碳纤维/环氧复合材料层板的弯曲性能和耐热性能降低幅度较小。     

玻璃纤维/环氧乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的层间增韧及其低温下低速冲击性能

采用真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)制备了四种无纺布(聚酰胺(PA)、聚氨酯弹性体橡胶(TPU)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、共聚酯(PEs))层间改性的玻璃纤维/环氧乙烯基酯树脂(GF/EVER)复合材料层合板.在温度为20℃下进行落锤冲击实验,对比分析了不同层间改性的GF/EVER复合材料层合板的低速冲击响应特性和...     

碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料高速冲击性能

采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,通过空气炮冲击实验研究树脂韧性和碳纤维类型对复合材料抗高速冲击性能的影响,并对高速冲击后的试样进行压缩性能测试,研究高速冲击损伤对复合材料剩余压缩性能的影响。结果表明:树脂的韧性可以降低复合材料遭受高速冲击时的内部损伤程度,大幅提高复合材料的抗高速冲击性能和冲击后剩余压缩性能;T700S碳纤维增强复合材料抗高速冲击性能优于T800H碳纤维增强复合材料;复合材料的破坏模式与冲击速率有关,冲击速率较低时,复合材料弹击面出现圆形凹坑,背弹面出现鼓包;冲击速率较高时,复合材料弹击面出现圆形通孔,背弹面出现沿纤维方向撕裂断口。     

T-1000碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料性能研究

用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱仪、NOL环及φ150mm容器等手段,对T-1000碳纤维表面状态、元素组成和复合材料性能进行系统研究.结果表明,该纤维表面光滑,富有树脂涂层,具有高的活性碳基团,与HS19环氧基体匹配具有高的粘接强度,φ150mm容器环向纤维发挥强度达6174MPa,复合高压气瓶具有较高的容重比.     

碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层压板冲击凹坑的回弹特性

冲击凹坑的回弹特性对飞机复合材料结构低速冲击损伤的目视检出概率有至关重要的影响。采用T800碳纤维/M21环氧树脂复合材料单向预浸丝束自动铺贴和热压罐固化工艺制造了层压板试件。试件引入1 mm左右的冲击凹坑后分成4组,分别在室温环境、湿热环境、重复载荷及湿热和重复载荷联合作用的条件下测量冲击凹坑在不同时间的回弹量,以研究湿热环境和重复载荷对冲击凹坑回弹的影响。结果表明:湿热环境可显著提高冲击凹坑的末期回弹量,但其影响过程较缓慢,因而对凹坑初始回弹速率影响不显著;重复载荷也可提高冲击凹坑末期回弹量,但其影响相对较小,其使冲击凹坑的初始回弹速率有明显提高;湿热环境和重复载荷联合作用对冲击凹坑末期回弹量的影响高于重复载荷和湿热环境的单独影响,凹坑初始回弹速率与重复载荷单独影响下几乎相同。      

HKT800碳纤维/AG80环氧树脂复合材料制备及性能

对HKT800碳纤维表面形貌、元素、官能团等进行了表征分析;对AG80环氧树脂配方体系进行了优化;然后对HKT800碳纤维/AG80环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能及界面情况进行了测试分析。结果表明,HKT800碳纤维具有比较高的表面活性,表面元素的O/C、N/C比例分别达到了25.2%,4.5%,活性与非活性碳原子之比达到0.91;质量比为100∶30∶3时,AG80/DDS/BF3·MEA树脂体系能够在150℃的工艺条件下固化;HKT800碳纤维/AG80环氧树脂复合材料0°拉伸、弯曲和压缩强度分别达到2 682,1 874和1 639 MPa,层间剪切强度为110 MPa。     

Preparation of continuous carbon nanotube networks in carbon fiber/epoxy composite

In order to optimize carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion state in fiber/epoxy composite, a novel kind of CNT organization form of continuous networks was designed. The present work mainly discussed the feasibility of preparing continuous CNT networks in composite: Fiber fabric was immersed into CNT aqueous solution (containing dispersant) followed by freeze drying and pyrolysis process, prior to epoxy infusion. The morphologies of fabric with CNTs were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. The relationship between CNT networks and flowing epoxy resin was studied. Properties of composite, including out-of-plane electrical conductivity and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), were measured. The results demonstrated that continuous and porous CNT networks formed by entangled CNTs could be assembled in fiber fabric. Most part of them were preserved in composite due to the robustness of network structures. The preserved CNT networks significantly improved out-of-plane electrical conductivity, and also have an effect on ILSS value.     

超高模量环氧树脂/碳纤维复合材料的研究进展

通过对碳纤维及环氧树脂进行改性处理,在降低树脂含量的同时提高其结合强度来改善碳纤维复合材料的力学性能。     

超支化聚酯基二茂铁/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能

以第3代环氧端基脂肪族超支化聚酯（EHBP）增韧的环氧树脂（E-51）为基体材料,超支化聚酯基二茂铁（HBPE-Fc）为吸波剂,制备具有一定力学承载及电磁性能的超支化聚酯基二茂铁/环氧树脂（HBPE-Fc/E-51）复合材料,并通过力学性能测试及扫描电镜、矢量网络分析仪等研究了该复合材料的力学及电磁性能。结果表明,添加较低含量的HBPE-Fc能较好地改善环氧树脂体系的拉伸及冲击性能,第4代HBPE-Fc质量分数为2%时,与纯环氧树脂体系相比,HBPE-Fc/E-51复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别提高了21.81%、34.32%和15.41%,对固化体系的拉伸断面分析发现引入HBPE-Fc后材料表现出韧性断裂。HBPE-Fc/E-51复合材料的玻璃化转变温度在105.29~130.27 ℃之间,具有良好的热稳定性,同时该复合材料具有一定的电磁特性。     

Study of curing process of glass fiber and epoxy resin composite by FT-NIR,photoacoustic spectroscopy and luminescence spectroscopy

This article investigates the application of the luminescence spectroscopy technique in steady-state conditions to study the glass fiber–epoxy F155 prepreg. The study was conducted by comparing the results obtained from the intrinsic fluorescence with the data obtained by application of Fourier Transform Near Infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) and photoacoustic spectroscopy in the medium infrared spectroscopy (PAS) to the same material. Extrinsic fluorescence of 9-anthroic acid (9-AA) was also used. Infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform the medium region (FT-IR) was also used to characterize the epoxy resin. Prepregs containing 9-AA or not were heat treated at 121 °C (F-155) for 360 min at a 2 °C/min heating rate. The results obtained by both methods indicated that the cross-linking reaction can be monitored by analyzing the spectrometric changes of the emission bands of the prepreg and 9-AA. The intrinsic emission at 368 nm was used to calculate the conversion degree. The photophysical behavior of 9-AA probe indicated a reduction of free volume of the polymeric matrix with curing process.     

不同湿热条件下碳纤维/环氧复合材料湿热性能实验研究

对比研究了环氧5228A树脂及碳纤维/环氧5228A树脂复合材料层合板在3种湿热环境(水煮、70℃水浸,70℃85%相对湿度)下的湿热性能,考察了湿热条件对复合材料层间剪切性能的影响规律,并从吸湿特性、物理化学特性、树脂力学性能、湿应力等方面分析了不同湿热环境下复合材料性能衰减的机制。研究表明,碳纤维/高温固化环氧树脂复合材料层间剪切性能主要是由吸湿率决定,相同吸湿率不同湿热条件下性能的下降幅度基本相同;3种湿热条件下该树脂及其复合材料未发生化学反应、微裂纹等不可逆变化,复合材料层合板湿热老化机制主要是吸入水分后基体增塑和树脂、纤维湿应变不一致导致的湿应力对复合材料性能的负面作用。     

单丝断裂能量法研究温度对碳纤维/环氧界面性能的影响

针对两种不同上浆剂碳纤维/高温固化环氧树脂体系, 采用基于WND(Wagner-Nairn-Detassis)能量模型的单丝断裂法, 测试分析了从室温到130 ℃范围内单丝复合体系界面断裂能的变化规律, 研究了碳纤维上浆剂对界面耐热性能的影响, 并结合复合材料层板的短梁剪切性能, 分析了微观和宏观界面性能的关联性。结果表明: 在测试温度范围内, 碳纤维/环氧体系的界面断裂能随温度升高呈先下降而后基本不变的趋势, 去除上浆剂后界面断裂能及其随温度的变化程度与未去除上浆剂的情况存在差异, 说明上浆剂对界面耐热性有重要作用。碳纤维/环氧树脂层板层间剪切强度随温度升高线性下降, 与界面断裂能的变化规律不一致, 这与两种测试方法的原理及界面破坏位置的不同有关。      

碳纳米管浸润剂对碳纤维/环氧树脂界面性能的影响

制备了含碳纳米管(CNTs)的水溶液, 将该水溶液作为浸润剂浸渍碳纤维并进行烘干, 采用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了CNTs含量及浸润工艺对碳纤维表面CNTs分布的影响, 运用单丝断裂法分析了CNTs浸润剂处理对碳纤维/环氧树脂界面粘结性能的影响和作用机制。结果表明: CNTs可在T700和T300纤维表面黏附, 浸润剂中CNTs含量越高, CNTs在纤维表面含量越高; 对于CNTs含量较低的浸润剂, 采用增加浸润次数的方法, 能有效提高碳纤维表面CNTs的含量和碳纤维表面粗糙度; 经过CNTs浸润剂处理后, 碳纤维/树脂界面处的机械啮合作用增强, 界面粘结强度明显提高, 增幅最高达35.8%。     

碳纤维/环氧树脂脉管自润滑复合材料的制备及摩擦性能

以聚乳酸（PLA）为前驱体,碳纤维（CF）为增强体,通过经纬编织成PLA-CF复合纤维织物;以环氧树脂（EP）为基体,甲基硅油为润滑介质,采用前驱体蒸发（VaSC）技术和真空浸油方式分别制备了脉管自润滑环氧树脂（VAEP）材料和CF/VAEP复合材料。利用SEM对CF/VAEP复合材料的断面、摩擦面和对偶面形貌进行表征,以万能材料试验机和高速环块摩擦磨损试验机对CF/VAEP复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能进行了测试。结果表明:脉管结构和CF提升了EP的润滑性能和力学性能。当径向脉管密度为8孔/10 mm时,VAEP的摩擦系数和磨损率较纯EP分别降低了67.95%和85.71%;当径向脉管密度为8孔/10 mm,CF经纬丝束比为8/4时,CF/VAEP复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量比相同径向脉管密度的VAEP分别提高了203.33%、44.16%、325.78%、311.37%。      

单丝断裂双树脂法研究碳纤维/环氧树脂界面粘结性能

建立了单丝断裂双树脂体系法,利用外层树脂的韧性使包埋于内层脆性树脂中的纤维单丝断裂达到饱和,解决了断裂伸长率较低的树脂基体采用传统的单丝断裂法无法测得界面剪切强度的问题.分别采用界面剪切强度和界面断裂能作为表征参量,考察了干态及湿热条件下两种T300级和两种T800级碳纤维/环氧树脂的界面性能,并与单丝断裂单树脂体系的界面性能进行比较.结果表明:单丝断裂双树脂体系与单树脂体系在表征碳纤维/环氧树脂的界面性能上定性规律一致;双树脂体系界面断裂能和界面剪切强度均可评价界面的耐湿热性能,且二者得到的变化规律一致;湿热处理后界面粘结性能均呈下降趋势,国外碳纤维体系的界面耐湿热性能明显优于国产碳纤维体系.     

Analysis of the single-fibre pull-out test by means of Raman spectroscopy: Part II. Micromechanics of deformation for an aramid/epoxy system

The single-fibre pull-out test has been analysed for Kevlar-49 fibres in a cold-cured epoxy resin by using both a conventional pull-out experiment and Raman spectroscopy. The interfacial shear strength (ISS) has been estimated from the pull-out force for fibres with a range of embedded lengths. Raman spectroscopy has been used to analyse the distribution of fibre strain in the pull-out test by mapping the variation of strain along an aramid fibre undergoing pull-out from the epoxy resin matrix. At low strains the behaviour follows elastic shear-lag analysis but, as the fibre strain is increased, debonding takes place at the fibre/matrix interface. It is found that this debond propagates along the interface until the entire fibre is debonded. The fibre is then pulled out of the resin matrix by a frictional pull-out process. It is shown that the conventional pull-out experiment produces only an apparent value of ISS and that through a partial-debonding model it is possible to use the interfacial parameters obtained from the Raman analysis to predict the data from the conventional test.