低粘度高耐候热熔型改性松香路标涂料

采用改性松香树脂研制成热熔型路标涂料，阐述了熔融粘度低，热稳定性和耐候性好的浅色改性松香树脂及其涂料的制法。比较了现有几种热熔型路标涂料用树脂及其涂料的性能指标。     

松香改性木质素酚醛树脂

采用高沸醇木质索和多聚甲醛制备改性松香树脂,测定树脂的软化点,酸值,DSC-TGA曲线并与松香酚醛树脂进行比较。结果表明高沸酵木质素可以部分替代对叔丁基苯酚与松香、甘油和多聚甲醛反应生成松香改性木质素酚醛树脂,松香树脂的软化点、酸值、粘度和热稳定性通过高沸醇木质素的改性得到改善。     

松香改性木质素酚醛树脂

采用高沸醇木质素和多聚甲醛制备改性松香树脂,测定树脂的软化点,酸值,DSC-TGA曲线并与松香酚醛树脂进行比较。结果表明高沸醇木质素可以部分替代对叔丁基苯酚与松香、甘油和多聚甲醛反应生成松香改性木质素酚醛树脂,松香树脂的软化点、酸值、粘度和热稳定性通过高沸醇木质素的改性得到改善。     

热熔型路标涂料的研究

采用改性松香树脂研制热熔型路标涂料,通过加入热塑性弹性体忆烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）,改进了涂料的性能,确定了最佳工艺条件。     

乙烯-醋酸乙烯基钢质管道防腐用热熔胶的研究

以EVA树脂为主体树脂制备钢质管道防腐用热熔胶,选用聚合松香为增粘剂,聚异丁烯为增韧剂,研究了不同VA含量、不同熔体指数的EVA树脂、聚合松香及聚异丁烯对热熔胶环球软化点、脆化温度和剥离强度等性能的影响。     

高沸醇木质素改性松香树脂的合成

合成高沸醇木质素改性松香树脂,测定改性树脂的软化点、酸值和DSC-TGA曲线,并与原料松香进行比较。高沸醇木质素可以与松香反应生成木质素改性松香树脂,其软化点比松香高,酸值比松香低。松香的热稳定性通过高沸醇木质素的改性得到改善。实验结果表明高沸醇木质素改性松香比木质素磺酸盐效果更好。     

高沸醇木质素-季戊四醇改性松香树脂的合成

利用高沸醇木质素、季戊四醇合成松香改性树脂,测定了改性树脂的软化点、酸值、黏度、DSC-TGA曲线,并与原料松香进行比较。实验结果表明高沸醇木质素可以替代部分季戊四醇改性松香树脂,松香通过高沸醇木质素、季戊四醇的改性,产品的软化点、酸值、黏度以及耐热稳定性得到改善。研究结果还表明用高沸醇木质素制备松香改性树脂比木质素磺酸钙效果更好。     

马来海松酸在涂料工业中的应用

1 前言 醇酸树脂是多元醇、多元酸和脂肪酸或油的反应产物,这类树脂大约占所有涂料用树脂的一半。虽说涂料配方中其他合成树脂(如环氧、丙烯酸树脂)也有广泛的应用,然而,醇酸树脂在用途多样性,成本低廉及经济实惠等方面都超越其它任何树脂。 众所周知,松香本身存在着某些固有的缺陷,例如:软化点低,天然的脆性,耐水性差和对空气氧化作用的高度敏感性。但是,松香的这些缺欠通过与马来酸酐的加成反应后可在某种程度上得以克服。大量的实验证明,用马来酸酐和松香反应后制取的马来海松酸可代替苯酐合成溶剂型醇酸树脂,也可合成水溶性醇酸树脂。这类醇酸树脂具有原料丰实易得、价格低廉的特点,而且,用这类醇酸树脂制备的涂料性能也十分优越。     

丙烯酸改性松香基醇酸树脂的合成研究

采用丙烯酸预聚物,植物油、马来海松酸酐等通过单甘油酯法合成了丙烯酸改性松香基醇酸树脂,对产物结构进行了红外表征,通过涂膜性能以及酸值测试研究了丙烯酸树脂用量,植物油的种类和用量以及反应时间对产物性能的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:采用豆油和亚麻油,慢速升温,丙烯酸树脂质量分数2%～8%。合成的改性醇酸树脂较传统的醇酸树脂表干、实干时间短,硬度高,耐冲击性、附着力和耐介质性好。     

热熔型的研究

提出了热熔型路标涂料的配方和生产工艺。讨论了涂料的各组分对涂料性能的影响。根据不同的施工环境，归纳了控制涂料指标（流动度和软化点）的经验数据。展望我国热熔型路标涂料的发展方向。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.