鹤岗市2～7岁儿童线虫类的感染调查和防治措施

鹤岗市2～7岁儿童的肠道线虫类带虫类的调查,带虫率32.5%,大年龄比小年龄带虫率高.     

间充质干细胞对肠道损伤及其修复过程中肠道菌群影响的研究进展

肠道是人体消化系统中重要的组成部分,也是人体中微生物群最集中的部位,肠道菌群对肠道功能至关重要。肠道菌群与人体之间保持着动态平衡,若肠道菌群失调,人体会发生腹泻、便秘等疾病。肠道损伤是各种应激因素导致的肠道结构损伤和功能紊乱,在生活中普遍存在。间充质干细胞是一种多能干细胞,可进行自我更新和多向分化,分为骨髓间充质干细胞、人脐血带间充质干细胞和脂肪间充质干细胞,具有免疫调节作用,可作为肠道损伤的新型治疗手段。本文就间充质干细胞对肠道损伤及其修复过程中肠道菌群的影响作一综述。     

DNA甲基化与肠道微生物研究进展

肠道内的微生物群在维持肠道健康方面起着至关重要的作用。微生物表观遗传修饰包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑等。本文综述了环境因素对肠道微生物群、表观遗传修饰及其在肠道微生物和相关癌症发病过程中DNA甲基化领域的研究成果,对利用肠道微生物治疗相关癌症有一定的参考价值。     

口服双歧杆菌、酪酸梭菌活菌制剂(肠康平)的药效作用

目的研究口服双歧杆菌、酪酸梭菌活菌制剂（肠康平）调整肠道菌群的药效作用。方法利用氨 苄青霉素引起ＳＰＦ－ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠肠道菌群失调腹泻作为模型,口服肠康平与同类单价制剂,比较其药效作用。结果 肠康平对小鼠肠道菌群失调腹泻具有治疗作用,高剂量组的治疗效果优于低剂量组,肠康平制剂缓解ＳＰＦ－ＢＡＬＢ／ ｃ小鼠肠道菌群失调后腹泻的时间较单价制剂略快。结论肠康平是治疗肠道菌群失调腹泻的有效制剂。     

肠道菌群对中草药有效成分转化研究

肠道中的肠道菌群一般会与口服药物发生作用,对药物的生物转化起非常重要的作用。国内外许多学者对中药在肠道菌群作用下的转化做了研究,本文就此进行综述。肠道菌群对中药代谢的研究方法主要有在体和离体两种,涉及代谢物的定性、定量,生物酶系及菌种的研究。中药有效成分中的环烯醚萜类、黄酮类、生物碱及蒽醌等化合物都可以经肠道菌群代谢,形成新的活性化合物,对提高生物利用度和增加药物疗效有重要作用。     

临床常用抗生素所致的肠道真菌感染的分析

目的探讨如何有效预防抗菌药物引起肠道真菌感染,合理使用抗菌药物。方法总结2006年5月～2007年12月使用抗菌药物治疗的住院病人抗菌药物的使用情况。结果肠道真菌感染的发生与患者年龄、抗菌药物种类、联合用药与否等因素有关。以头孢三代抗菌药物所致肠道真菌感染的发生率最高。结论临床上应合理使用抗菌药物,根据病原学检查及药物敏感实验结果选择,尽量缩短疗程,减少联合用药,避免肠道真菌感染的发生。     

膳食纤维在特殊医学用途配方食品中的应用

特殊医学用途配方食品在糖尿病、肿瘤、肾病、肝功能衰竭、胃肠道吸收障碍等临床患者的营养支持和营养治疗方面起着举足轻重的作用。特殊人群的核心问题是消化吸收,肠道健康和肠道微生态平衡对营养物质的消化和吸收起着关键作用,膳食纤维,尤其是可溶性膳食纤维对于调节肠道菌群、维持肠道微生态平衡、促进消化道健康、降低血脂和胆固醇、提高免疫力、促进矿物质元素的吸收等方面具有重要的生理作用,其在特殊医学用途食品的开发、临床肠内营养治疗中起着重要作用。     

微塑料对肠道菌群影响作用的研究进展

微塑料已逐渐成为全球性的污染问题,可能通过各种机制危害人和动物的健康。近年来,大量研究表明肠道菌群与个体健康密切相关,其组成受到包括微塑料在内的环境污染物的影响的研究。回顾了近年国内外研究成果,综述了微塑料的来源、分类及研究现状,微塑料暴露后受试动物肠道菌群变化及微塑料影响肠道菌群的可能机制,力求为今后探索微塑料对肠道菌群影响的研究提供参考和帮助。     

肠道微生物代谢产物参与动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

肠道微生物群像一个内分泌器官,能产生多种生物活性代谢物,影响宿主的健康.近来研究发现,肠道微生物的代谢组成变化在肥胖、高血压、慢性心脏和肾脏疾病中起重要作用.多项研究表明,肠道微生物衍生的许多代谢物与动脉粥样硬化事件密切相关,如三甲胺N-氧化物(trimethylamine N-oxide,TMAO)、胆汁酸(bile...     

结肠镜检查前肠道准备工作的临床报告

观察清肠汤剂在结肠镜检查前肠道准备工作的临床疗效。将91例患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,分别采用不同的方法进行结肠镜检查前的肠道准备工作,结果治疗组明显好于对照组,通过报告阐述验证了清肠汤剂在结肠镜检查前肠道准备工作中清洁程度高,清洁范围广等优点。     

废旧聚甲醛/改性竹纤维复合材料的力学性能研究

采用碱(NaOH)、硅烷偶联剂(KH560)、异氰酸酯(IPDI)等不同处理方法对废旧聚甲醛/竹纤维（POM/BF）复合材料的界面进行调控,研究了竹纤维改性方法和竹纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,NaOH+IPDI和NaOH+KH560能够实现对复合材料界面的调控,利用NaOH+2 %IPDI对BF进行处理后,POM/BF复合材料［BF为20 %（质量分数,下同）］的弯曲强度增加了13.38 %,拉伸强度为50.36 MPa;利用NaOH+5 %KH560对BF进行调控处理后,POM/BF复合材料的弯曲强度增加了12.61 %,拉伸强度为46.87 MPa;NaOH+2 %IPDI对BF的处理具有更好的效果,BF含量为20 %时复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

改性玄武岩纤维制备及其在微生物载体的应用

为提高玄武岩纤维(BF)作为微生物载体的生物亲和性,采用酸碱刻蚀法获得改性玄武岩纤维(MBF),以达到提高BF表面粗糙度的目的。通过扫描电子显微镜观察BF刻蚀前后微观形貌的变化,以大肠埃希菌的生长曲线评估MBF的生理毒性,并采用光学显微镜观察改性前后BF表面微生物的生长情况。结果表明:与BF相比,MBF表面较为粗糙,表面粗糙度和比表面积均有所增加。MBF固定的微生物量明显增加,说明表面粗糙度的增加有利于提高BF的生物亲和性,提高其作为微生物载体时的污/废水处理效能。     

Mechanical and thermal properties of bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene/polylactic acid composites for 3D printing

In this article, a kind of degradable composite was prepared from bamboo fiber (BF), poly lactic acid (PLA), and polypropylene (PP). The mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by the universal testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry. In order to improve the compability between BF and polymer matrix several modification on the surface of BF were explored and compared. Moreover, a compatibilizer (maleated PP) was applied to further increase compatibility between the fiber and matrix. It is found that the thermal stability of BF/PP/PLA composites decreased with the increase of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) content. When 5% MAPP was used the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of composites reached 33.73, 47.18 MPa, and 3.15 KJ/m², with an increase by 13, 11.7, and 23.5%, respectively, compared with the composites without MAPP. The improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to the fact that irregular grooves and cracks induced by the modification of BF facilitate the infiltration of polymer into fiber due to the strong capillary effect. Furthermore, BF/PP/PLA composites are potential to be used in 3D printing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E247–E260, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

玄武岩纤维增强聚苯硫醚复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究

使用玄武岩纤维(BF)作为增强体制备了BF增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)复合材料,研究了BF增强PPS复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,以及不同体积分数的BF增强体、不同载荷与滑动速度对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,引入BF能有效地提高了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,复合材料的摩擦因数随BF体积分数的增加逐渐提高;复合材料的摩擦因数随载荷的增加逐渐降低,但磨损率增大。     

玄武岩纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

以聚丙烯(PP)树脂为基体,加入玄武岩纤维(BF)和相关助剂,通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制得相应复合材料。考查相容剂对PP/BF复合材料性能影响、对PP/BF复合材料和PP/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料力学性能、微观形貌和耐热氧老化等性能进行对比。通过实验数据分析,加入相容剂后,拉伸强度提高126.8%,弯曲强度提高223.8%,弯曲弹性模量提高119.9%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高223.2%。在同样质量配比下,PP/BF复合材料较PP/GF复合材料拉伸强度提高9.8%,弯曲强度提高11.0%,弯曲弹性模量提高5.8%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度降低10.7%。从微观电镜分析,加入相容剂可明显改善纤维与PP基材界面浸润程度。另外,BF比GF更易使复合材料老化,常规热氧老化剂1010和168对纤维增强PP类材料耐老化效果并不好,用等量自制热氧老化剂可解决此问题。     

桦木纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料制备与性能研究

采用硅烷偶联剂、乙醇和水等分别对桦木纤维(BF)和回收纸浆纤维进行表面处理,并分别将改性纤维作为不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)的增强材料,制备相应的BF/UPR复合材料。研究了不同改性方法对复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明:不同纤维种类、不同纤维表面处理方法和不同纤维用量对复合材料的界面性能、力学性能等影响较大;经硅烷偶联剂处理后的BF,可有效改善BF与UPR之间的界面相容性;当w(偶联剂处理BF)=16%时,相应复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度比纯UPR体系分别提高了31.0%和28.5%;在制备回收纤维/UPR复合材料之前应先对回收材料进行筛选,并且应优先选择对UPR基体树脂具有明显增强作用的回收纤维。     

玄武岩纤维对钢渣沥青混合料性能影响研究

为改善钢渣沥青混合料(SAM)抗裂性能,并尽可能降低钢渣(SS)膨胀特性对混合料耐久性的影响,基于车辙试验、SPT动态模量试验、低温弯曲试验、冻融劈裂试验、弯曲疲劳试验、SEM试验等,对不同掺量玄武岩纤维(BF)对SAM高、低温性能和水稳定及疲劳性能的影响及增强机理进行研究。结果表明:BF可显著增强SAM高温抗变形能力,且对不同SS掺量SAM低温柔韧性均有一定的提高;随着冻融循环次数增加,玄武岩纤维-钢渣沥青混合料(BF-SAM)的水稳定性降低幅度较SAM明显减小;BF的加筋、阻裂作用提高了SAM的疲劳寿命。综合各项路用性能,BF-SAM的推荐掺量为0.4%(质量分数)的BF,45%~55%(质量分数)的SS。     

BF/黑宝石粉体增强EP基摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能

以环氧树脂(EP)为基体,玄武岩纤维(BF)为增强材料,玄武岩水晶玻璃(黑宝石)粉体为摩擦性能调节剂制备BF/黑宝石粉体增强EP基摩擦材料,研究了黑宝石粉体对摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能和力学性能的影响,然后在添加质量分数为5%的黑宝石粉体的基础上,采用相同手段研究了BF含量对摩擦材料性能的影响。结果表明,黑宝石粉体可以极大地提高摩擦材料的摩擦系数,并进一步降低磨损率以及提高摩擦材料的力学性能。BF的加入在一定程度上降低了摩擦材料的摩擦系数,且当BF含量较低或较高时,摩擦材料的磨损率均会有所提升。当BF质量分数为6%时,摩擦材料的综合性能最优,其摩擦系数为0.534,与未加BF的摩擦材料相比仅降低了7.61%,磨损率为0.75%,较未加BF的摩擦材料降低了31.82%,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为55.568 MPa和92.750 MPa,与未加BF的摩擦材料相比,分别提高了148%和66.42%。     

Application of sustainable treatments to fiber surface for performance improvement of elastomeric polyurethane reinforced with basalt fiber

In order to overcome compatibility leakage between composite phases, which is a significant challenge in multidimensional composite applications, it is crucial to optimize the chemical nature of additives. The surface of basalt fiber (BF) was chemically enriched via biobased epoxy resin sizing and functional silanization process to improve its interfacial adhesion to the ecograde elastomeric polyurethane (EPU) matrix. The surface properties of BF were examined with the help of scanning electron microscopy X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Impacts of surface modifications were compared based on mechanical, morphological, thermomechanical, and melt-flow behaviors of composites involving pristine and modified BF. Findings revealed that surface-modified BF inclusions improved the tensile strength and Shore-hardness values of composites. Tensile strength of EPU raised from 27.1 to 37.1 MPa after compounding with epoxy-sized BF. Additionally, the resin-coated BF incorporation exhibited a two-fold increase in the tensile modulus of EPU. Thermomechanical response of EPU exhibited an increasing trend by BF inclusions regardless of treatment type. Glass transition temperature of EPU shifted to 5 units higher value with modified BF loadings. SEM investigations confirmed the increased interfacial interaction between the EPU matrix and surface-sized BF. The chemically enriched surface of BF improves composite performance by improving adhesion at the EPU-BF interface. The results of this study confirmed that enhanced interfacial adhesion led to performance improvements for BF-loaded EPU composites.     

Dynamic mechanical analysis of novel composites from commingled polypropylene fiber and banana fiber

Polypropylene (PP)/banana fiber (BF) composites were fabricated from PP fiber and short BF by novel commingling method. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the composites was performed with reference to BF loading and fiber surface treatments. By the incorporation of BF into the PP matrix, the storage modulus and loss modulus have been found to increase, whereas damping factor has been found to decrease. Glass transition temperature was found to increase with increase in BF loading. The viscoelastic properties of the composites were also found to depend on fiber surface treatments. The activation energy of the composites for the glass transition has been found to be increased by the increase in BF loading. Surface treatment of the BF further increased the activation energy of the composites, indicating a stronger interface for treated fiber composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs of the BF showed the physical changes induced by the surface treatments. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to ascertain the existence of the type of interfacial bonds. The use of theoretical equations to predict the storage modulus has also been discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers