Adaptive discrete neural observer design for nonlinear systems with unknown time‐delay

This paper focuses on the adaptive observer design for nonlinear discrete‐time MIMO systems with unknown time‐delay and nonlinear dynamics. The delayed states involved in the system are arguments of a nonlinear function and only the estimated delay is utilized. By constructing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii function, the delay estimation error is considered in the observer parameter design. The proposed method is then extended to the system with a nonlinear output measurement equation and the delayed dynamics. With the help of a high‐order neural network (HONN), the requirement for a precise system model, the linear‐in‐the‐parameters (LIP) assumption of the delayed states, the Lipschitz or norm‐boundedness assumption of unknown nonlinearities are removed. A novel converse Lyapunov technical lemma is also developed and used to prove the uniform ultimate boundedness of the proposed observer. The effectiveness of the proposed results is verified by simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非线性扰动不确定时滞系统时滞相关鲁棒观测器设计

研究一类具有非线性扰动的不确定时滞系统的时滞相关鲁棒稳定性及其基于观测器 的时滞相关鲁棒控制问题.将线性矩阵不等式(LMI,1inear matrix inequality)与数值不等式 (AVI,algebraic value inequality)方法相结合给出了开环系统渐近稳定及其指数稳定的时滞相 关条件.并设计了系统的观测器,给出了该系统基于观测器的时滞相关可镇定条件.     

A delay‐independent output feedback for linear systems with time‐varying input delay

It is well known that a delay‐dependent or delay‐independent truncated predictor feedback law stabilizes a general linear system in the presence of a certain amount of input delay. Results also exist on estimating the maximum delay bound that guarantees stability. In the face of a time‐varying or unknown delay, delay‐independent feedback laws are preferable over delay‐dependent feedback laws as the former provide robustness to the uncertainties in the delay. In the light of few results on the construction of delay‐independent output feedback laws for general linear systems with input delay, we present in this paper a delay‐independent observer–based output feedback law that stabilizes the system. Our design is based on the truncated predictor feedback design. We establish an estimate of the maximum allowable delay bound through the Razumikhin‐type stability analysis. An implication of the delay bound result reveals the capability of the proposed output feedback law in handling an arbitrarily large input delay in linear systems with all open‐loop poles at the origin or in the open left‐half plane. Compared with that of the delay‐dependent output feedback laws in the literature, this same level of stabilization result is not sacrificed by the absence of the prior knowledge of the delay.     

具有时延和数据丢失的直线电机迭代学习控制

针对网络环境下同时存在一步时延和数据丢失的直线电机系统,本文研究了其P型迭代学习控制方法.将一步时延描述为概率已知的随机Bernoulli过程,而将数据丢失描述为概率未知的随机Bernoulli过程,且丢失概率属于一个已知的数值区间.然后,利用λ范数理论给出了P型迭代学习控制算法的收敛条件,通过适当选取学习增益因子,可使得直线电机控制系统的输出渐近收敛于期望输出.最后通过仿真验证了本文所提控制方法的有效性。     

Partial state observers for linear systems with unknown inputs

We consider the problem of constructing partial state observers for discrete-time linear systems with unknown inputs. Specifically, for any given system, we develop a design procedure that characterizes the set of all linear functionals of the system state that can be reconstructed through a linear observer with a given delay. By treating the delay as a design parameter, we allow greater flexibility in estimating state functionals, and are able to obtain a procedure that directly produces the corresponding observer parameters. Our technique is also applicable to continuous-time systems by replacing delayed outputs with differentiated outputs.     

不确定LTI- SISO系统的低通滤波降阶时滞观测器控制

提出一种低通滤波降价时滞观测器,避免了常规时滞观测器控制中由于时滞状态微分近似引起的控制信号颤振。参考模型的选取只与系统的相对阶次有关,而与系统阶次无关,从而简化了控制器的设计,降低了对系统可测性的要求。仿真结果表明,该时滞观测器控制系统可以很好地抑制系统的不确定性以及受到的外部干扰,是一种性能优良的鲁棒控制方法。     

Robust Unknown Input Observer Design for Linear Uncertain Time Delay Systems with Application to Fault Detection

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to design a robust fault detection observer for uncertain linear time delay systems. The system is composed of both norm‐bounded uncertainties and exogenous signals (noise, disturbance, and fault) which are considered to be unknown. The main contribution of this paper is to present unknown input observer (UIO)‐based fault detection system which shows the maximum sensitivity to fault signals and the minimum sensitivity to other signals. Since the system contains uncertainty terms, an H_∞ model‐matching approach is used in design procedure. The reference residual signal generator system is designed so that the fault signal has maximum sensitivity while the exogenous signals have minimum sensitivity on the residual signal. Then, the fault detection system is designed by minimizing the estimation error between the reference residual signal and the UIO residual signal in the sense of H_∞ norm. A sufficient condition for the existence of such a filter is exploited in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Application of the proposed method in a numerical example and an engineering process are simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed approach to detect the occurrence of faults in the presence of modeling errors, disturbances, and noise.     

时变时滞不确定系统的鲁棒输出反馈控制

研究了时变时滞不确定系统基于状态观测器的动态输出反馈实现鲁棒镇定的分 析和综合问题.所研究的系统不仅同时包含时变状态时滞和时变控制时滞,而且包含时变未 知且有界不确定参数.提出了确保该系统可通过输出反馈鲁棒镇定的充分条件,并将该充分 条件转化为线性矩阵不等式(LMI)问题,最终通过求解两个LMI来构造输出反馈控制律.     

中立型时滞系统基于状态观测器的控制设计-LMI方法

研究一类中立型时滞系统基于状态观测器的反馈控制问题。目的是利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法设计状态观测器和动态输出反馈控制器,使得相应的闭环系统渐近稳定。最后给出一个数值例子验证了本文所给结果的有效性。     

时变时滞不确定系统基于观测器的鲁棒控制器设计

研究了时变时滞不确定系统基于状态观测器的 鲁棒控制器设计问题, 其中不确定性是时变的,满足范数有界条件. 利用Lyapunov稳定性 理论和Razumikhin-type理论,获得了基于状态观测器的鲁棒控制器存在条件, 以及给出了 相应的控制律. 所得结论推广并改进了已知的一些结果. 通过实例说明了其有效性.     

基于观测器的时滞系统鲁棒控制器设计

对于具有状态时滞的一类线性不确定系统 ,用线性矩阵不等式方法研究了基于观测器的鲁棒控制器的存在条件以及设计方法。该方法通过求解两个线性矩阵不等式来实现 ,所给示例说明了本文方法的有效性。     

IS A MIXED DESIGN OF OBSERVER‐CONTROLLERS FOR TIME‐DELAY SYSTEMS INTERESTING?

This paper deals with H∞ observer‐based feedback control for linear time‐delay systems, in the framework of delay independent stability. We will propose a new LMI solution to observer‐controller design that ensures a disturbance attenuation level for the controlled output as well as for the state estimation error, which is an open problem. This will be compared with a well‐known solution and with a usual strategy in control which consists in designing the observer and the controller separately. Our aim is to try to bring a positive answer to the following question: is there an interest to solve the problem in a single (unique) formulation or should we design separately the observer and the controller? An application to a wind tunnel model is provided to emphasize the interest of the given results, particularly in comparison with existing results on H∞ observer‐based control.     

Time‐varying input delay compensation for nonlinear systems with additive disturbance: An output feedback approach

This paper addresses the output feedback tracking control of a class of multiple‐input and multiple‐output nonlinear systems subject to time‐varying input delay and additive bounded disturbances. Based on the backstepping design approach, an output feedback robust controller is proposed by integrating an extended state observer and a novel robust controller, which uses a desired trajectory‐based feedforward term to achieve an improved model compensation and a robust delay compensation feedback term based on the finite integral of the past control values to compensate for the time‐varying input delay. The extended state observer can simultaneously estimate the unmeasurable system states and the additive disturbances only with the output measurement and delayed control input. The proposed controller theoretically guarantees prescribed transient performance and steady‐state tracking accuracy in spite of the presence of time‐varying input delay and additive bounded disturbances based on Lyapunov stability analysis by using a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional. A specific study on a 2‐link robot manipulator is performed; based on the system model and the proposed design procedure, a suitable controller is developed, and comparative simulation results are obtained to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed control scheme.     

Control design based on a linear state function observer

A control design method based on a linear state function observer is proposed. The method is a semi-inverse design procedure in that the control law is not designed before the observer system, but is a result of the observer design. However, the observer design is not completely independent of the control design, but seeks to yield a feedback signal that is close to a prescribed control law. First, the observer design problem is considered as the reconstruction of a linear function of the state vector. The linear state function to be reconstructed is the given control law. Then, based on the derivation for linear state function observers, the observer design is formulated as a parameter optimization problem. The optimization objective is to generate a matrix that is close to the given feedback gain matrix. Based on that matrix, the form of the observer and a new control law can be determined. The semi-inverse design procedure can yield a reduced-order observer with dimension considerably smaller than that of the system. Two numerical examples are used to demonstrate the proposed design procedure.     

基于谱分解的中立型时滞系统观测器

针对线性中立型时滞系统, 利用线性算子半群的谱分解理论进行观测器设计. 在中立型项的范数小于一的条件下, 利用谱理论并结合投影算子, 将无穷维系统解的相空间分解为有限维不稳定广义特征子空间和无限维稳定广义特征子空间的直和. 进而利用线性算子半群的无穷小生成元得到具有积分微分形式的观测器方程, 并证明了观测器误差方程的渐近稳定性. 数值实验证实了所提设计方法的有效性.