垂直同心环空管内上升弹状流向团状流的转换

对垂直同心环形管内上升气液弹状流向团状流的转换进行了一定的研究。根据弹状流及团状流的流动特性 ,并考虑同心环形管的结构特征 ,建立了垂直同心环形管上升气液团状流向环状流转换的新的理论模型。通过文中的实验数据及其他研究者的实验数据对该模型的预测性能进行了检验 ,并与其他研究者的模型进行了比较 ,最后还对环形管结构参数对转换的影响进行了一定的分析。     

起伏振动垂直上升管气液两相流截面含气率分析与计算

起伏振动下气液两相流含气率的准确预测对漂浮核电站的安全稳定运行有重要意义。实验研究了不同振动和流动工况下垂直上升管气液两相流的含气率特性。结果表明,起伏振动对泡状流下的含气率影响比较明显,对弹状流、搅混流和环状流的影响较弱。整体来看,起伏振动导致泡状流的含气率增加,其他三种流型下的含气率减小。对静止管道内常用的含气率计算模型进行评价,发现现有含气率计算模型比较适用于起伏振动下含气率的计算,但对泡状流和弹状流下含气率的预测误差较大。考虑振动的影响,引入了液相Froude数,建立了考虑流型的含气率计算关系式,显著提高了起伏振动下含气率的预测准确度。     

微通道内气-液弹状流动及传质特性研究进展

气-液弹状流,又称Taylor流,是一种以长气泡和液弹交替形式流动的流动形态。微通道内气-液弹状流因其气泡与液弹尺寸分布均一、停留时间分布窄、径向混合强等优点,是一种适于强化气-液反应的理想流型。本文首先介绍了微通道内气泡的生成机理、气泡和液弹长度,以及气泡生成阶段的传质特征。其次系统综述了主通道中弹状流动及传质过程的研究进展,包括气泡形状与液膜厚度、液弹内循环和泄漏流特征、气-液传质系数的测量与预测,以及物理与化学吸收过程中的传质特性等方面内容。最后阐述了当前研究的不足并展望了气-液弹状流的研究方向。     

垂直上升弹状流中液弹长度分布

提出了计算垂直上升弹状流中尾随Taylor气泡上升速度的关系式;并基于气泡追赶合并机理,建立了预测沿管路任意位置液弹长度分布模型,提供了弹状流发展过程中弹长分布的变化情况。     

毛细管中液液弹状流的流体力学数值模拟

随着精细加工技术的进步和新材料的出现,微柱液相色谱又称毛细管液相色谱在分离和分析过程中发挥着越来越重要作用。对于毛细管中的两相流流动,弹状流是最常见也是最稳定的流型之一。文章介绍了毛细管中液液弹状流的数值模拟。以直径为0.2 mm的T型毛细管为模型,使用商用计算流体力学(CFD)Fluent(16.2)软件研究弹状流的液弹长度、液膜厚度、液弹速度等流体力学特性。确定液弹长度与两相流率、毛细管数等参数有关。液弹长度随分散相流率增加而变大,随连续相流率和毛细管数的增大而减小。液膜厚度与文献中的计算模型吻合很好。液弹速度随混合速度的增大而增大。根据模拟数据得到液弹长度与液弹速度的关联式,且与文献实验值比较,结果吻合性较好。     

垂直受热通道中气液两相流传热性能的研究

在垂直受热通道中气液两相流的传热是一种从单相流、泡状流、弹状流、搅拌流直至环状流的各种流型的气、液两相复杂传热。本文采用了特制的实验研究设备,以水及其蒸汽为介质,研究了各种流型的传热特性及其影响因素(进料质量流速、热通量以及干度等),探讨了成膜条件,并用J.C.Chen双机理传热模型计算、分析了在不同情况下各机理对传热所起的作用。     

壁面润湿性对微通道内二氧化碳-水两相流流动及传质性能的影响

在1 mm×1 mm矩形截面下微通道内,以二氧化碳-水为工作流体,研究壁面润湿性和气液表观流速对气-液两相流型和气液传质的影响,并研究了气、液表观流速对弹状流流体力学性质的影响。在亲水微通道中观测到了泡状流、泡状-弹状流、弹状流;在疏水微通道中观测到了非对称弹状流、拉长的非对称弹状流、分层流。实验表明亲水微通道中弹状流区域下气泡长度大体上随气相表观流速的增大而增大,随液相表观流速的增大而减小;液弹长度大体上随气相表观流速的增大而减小,随液相表观流速的增大先增大后减小;液侧体积传质系数k_La均随气、液相表观流速的增大而增大,随通道壁面润湿性的增强而增大。     

并列矩形微通道内两相流流型和压降试验研究

以空气-水、空气-酒精为工质,在矩形截面为100μm×800μm的并列微通道(三通道)中进行了气液两相流动的流型和压降试验。观察到了泡状流、弹状流、波状流和分层流,而且微通道Ⅰ内流型变化最为复杂,微通道Ⅲ内的流型变化只出现了弹状流。通过与均相流计算模型预测值的对比发现:Mecadam粘度计算式预测的压降值在低气相速率时能较好地预测压降,但是预测范围非常小,全液相粘度预测的压降值在低液速时能够较好地预测本试验中的整体压降;分相流模型中Chishlom预测效果较好。     

微通道内醇胺水溶液吸收CO2的压力降研究

采用高速摄像仪对400μm×400μm T型微通道内N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)与单乙醇胺(MEA)混合醇胺水溶液(含0.2%SDS)吸收CO_2过程的气液两相流压力降进行了实验研究。观测到了泡状流、泡状-弹状流、弹状流、弹状-环状流流型。考察了弹状流型下气液两相流流量、醇胺溶液浓度、气液雷诺数与增强因子对压力降的影响。结果表明:压力降随着气液两相流量、气液雷诺数及增强因子的增大而增大。当Q_G﹥80 mL/h时,压力降随醇胺浓度的增大而减小。以分相流模型为基础,提出了微通道内伴有化学吸收的气液两相流压力降预测模型,平均偏差为8.46%,模型计算值与实验值吻合良好。     

T型微通道内两相流流型及相分离特性

以氮气和水为工作流体,在矩形截面为100 μm×800 μm的T型微通道内进行了气液两相流可视化实验,观测到弹状流、弹状-液环流、环状流、分层流和搅拌流,得到了流型图和流型转换界限.通过对比对弹状流、环状流和分层流相分离实验结果,证明在T型微通道内气液两相流相分离特性受上游流型影响.上游流型为弹状流时,气体优先从侧支管采出:上游流型为环状流时,液体优先从侧支管采出:上游流型为分层流时,气体只从其中一条支管中采出.当流型一定时,液相采出分率随着入口液体速率增加而减小,而气体速率变化对液相采出分率影响不大.     

Void fraction in vertical gas-liquid slug flow: Influence of liquid slug content

In this study we develop a model for computing the mean void fraction and the liquid slug void fraction in vertical upward gas-liquid intermittent flow. A new model for the rate of gas entrained from the Taylor bubble to the liquid slug is formulated. It uses the work done by the pressure force at the rear of the Taylor bubble. Then an iterative approach is employed for equating the gas entrainment flux and the gas flux obtained via conservation equations. Model predictions are compared with experimental data. The developed iterative method is found to provide reasonable quantitative predictions of the entrainment flux and of the void fraction at low and moderate liquid slug void fraction conditions. However, with an increased liquid slug void fraction experimental data indicate that the flow in the liquid slug transits to churn-heterogeneous bubbly flow thus gas entrainment flux tends to zero. Considering this effect in the iterative model significantly improved the predictions for large liquid slug void fraction conditions.     

用统计方法研究未充分发展弹状流动

在一内径19 mm、长2 m的垂直有机玻璃管内,采用自制的电导探针对未充分发展的气-液二相弹状流中的弹状气泡上升速度、液塞上升速度、弹状气泡长度和液塞长度进行了测量。得到了各自随表观气速或表观液速的变化规律。结果表明:在未充分发展的弹状流状态下,弹状气泡的上升速度略高于液塞的上升速度:弹状气泡长度随表观气速的增大而增大,随表观液速的增大而减小。文章对弹状气泡长度进行了统计分析。未充分发展弹状流中弹状气泡长度符合正态分布律。     

水平管段塞流气弹区液膜特性研究

为了研究气液段塞流相界面的结构特征,采用了双平行电导探针技术对水平管内段塞流气弹区的液膜特性进行了实验测量,并基于一维双流体模型导出液膜厚度的控制方程,该方程对液膜厚度的预测结果与实验结果吻合良好。结合液膜厚度计算模型提出了计算段塞流的机理模型,该段塞流机理模型的计算结果表明对于液相表观速度较高而气相表观速度较低的段塞流,机理模型中忽略液膜非平衡性时得到的平均液膜厚度和气弹区长度明显偏低。     

Hydrogenation of 2‐ethylanthraquinone under Taylor flow in single square channel monolith reactors

The hydrogenation of 2‐ethylanthraquinone (EAQ) to 2‐ethylanthrahydroquinone (EAHQ) was carried out under Taylor flow in single square channel monolith reactors. The two opening ends of opaque reaction channel were connected with two circular transparent quartz‐glass capillaries, where Taylor flow hydrodynamics parameters were measured and further used to obtain practical flow state of reactants in square reaction channels. A carefully designed gas‐liquid inlet mixer was used to supply steady gas bubbles and liquid slugs with desired length. The effects of various operating parameters, involving superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, gas bubble length, liquid slug length, two‐phase velocity and temperature, on EAQ conversion were systematically researched. Based on EAQ conversion, experimental overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients were calculated, and also studied as functions of various parameters as mentioned earlier. The film model, penetration model, and existing semi‐empirical formula were used to predict gas‐solid, gas‐liquid, and liquid‐solid volumetric mass transfer coefficients in Taylor flow, respectively. The predicted overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients agreed well with the experimental ones. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Void fraction measurement and calculation model of vertical upward co-current air–water slug flow

The focus of this paper is on the measurement and calculation model of void fraction for the vertical upward co-current air–water slug flow in a circular tube of 15 mm inner diameter. High-speed photography and optical probes were utilized, with water superficial velocity ranging from 0.089 to 0.65 m·s^-1 and gas superficial velocity ranging from 0.049 to 0.65 m·s^-1. A new void fraction model based on the local parameters was proposed, disposing the slug flow as a combination of Taylor bubbles and liquid slugs. In the Taylor bubble region, correction factors of liquid film thickness C_δ and nose shape C_Z^* were proposed to calculate α_TB. In the liquid slug region, the radial void fraction distribution profiles were obtained to calculate α_LS, by employing the image processing technique based on supervised machine learning. Results showed that the void fraction proportion in Taylor bubbles occupied crucial contribution to the overall void fraction. Multiple types of void fraction predictive correlations were assessed using the present data. The performance of the Schmidt model was optimal, while some models for slug flow performed not outstanding. Additionally, a predictive correlation was correlated between the central local void fraction and the cross-sectional averaged void fraction, as a straightforward form of the void fraction calculation model. The predictive correlation showed a good agreement with the present experimental data, as well as the data of Olerni et al., indicating that the new model was effective and applicable under the slug flow conditions.     

A simple mechanism of bubble and slug formation in Taylor flow in microchannels

A simple mechanism is proposed to explain and predict the bubble and slug lengths in Taylor (slug) flow in microchannels. The results obtained using the proposed approach are in good agreement with a correlation based on numerical experiments [Qian, D. and Lawal, A., 2006, Numerical study on gas and liquid slugs for Taylor flow in a T-junction microchannel. Chem Eng Sci, 80: 7609–7625] and available experimental data.     

IMPROVED HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL OF TWO-PHASE SLUG FLOW IN VERTICAL TUBES

Merits of the Fernandes model(Fernandes et al.1983)for two-phase slug flow in verticaltubes are reviewed in this paper.While predicting many macroscopic parameters of slug flow in verti-cal tubes,it fails to present correctly the trend that the average voidage in liquid slugs increases asthe rising velocity of Taylor bubbles is increased.It is also desirable to extend its application toelectrolyte systems, and to churn flow conditions.Based on the diagnostic analysis,the model equa-tion for gas entrainment by falling liquid film is reformulated and the influence of surface tension isalso accounted for.Development of the falling liquid film is recognized in the revised model in or-der to suit the case of short Taylor bubbles as well.The modified model predicts the variation of av-erage voidage in liquid slugs in good agreement with available experimental data.     

Influence of operating conditions on the observed reaction rate in the single channel monolith reactor

The catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzoic acid (NBA) to the aminobenzoic acid was used as a model reaction for a quantitative study of influences of the operating conditions on the observed reaction rate in a single channel monolith reactor operated in Taylor flow regime. A simple mathematical model was derived and used for the analysis of hydrogenation experiments carried out in batch mode. Results showed that in the investigated concentration range of NBA, i.e. 0.0005–0.02 mol/l and under the hydrogen pressure of 1 bar, the observed reaction rate is considerably limited by mass transport. At higher concentrations of NBA, the reaction is controlled by the hydrogen mass transport while at lower concentrations the mass transport of NBA is dominant. The analysis of experimental results, which were obtained when the length of gas bubbles and liquid slugs were varied, showed that the reaction took place in the thin liquid film surrounding the gas bubble. The liquid slug serves as exchanger of reactants and reaction products between bulk liquid slug and liquid film surrounding the catalyst surface.     

垂直及倾斜上升管内气液两相弹状流壁面切应力的模拟

用VOF模型对垂直及倾斜上升管内弹状流壁面切应力进行数值模拟。计算结果表明,垂直上升流动时,液膜厚度始终小于对应位置倾斜上升弹状流的液膜厚度,壁面切应力从气弹头部至尾部逐渐增大至恒定不变,在尾流区呈杂乱无章状态。倾斜上升流动时,气泡头部顶点偏向管中心线上方,倾角越小,相同轴向位置处测得的液膜厚度越大。当FrTB较小时,倾斜管内弹状流上管壁面的切应力曲线在液膜区有明显波动,而下管壁面在对应区域的切应力分布则比较光滑。随着FrTB的增大,上下壁面切应力分布曲线越来越靠近。