离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯中β-酮酸酯和环酮的选择性α-单卤代反应研究

采用微波法合成了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯,研究了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯中,β-酮酸酯类化合物及环酮的单卤化反应,与有机溶剂相比,离子液体可以加快反应的速率,缩短了反应时间并提高了产量,而且离子液体中的卤化反应更绿色环保.     

1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑磺胺醋酰盐离子液体的合成

以甲基咪唑为原料,合成1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐中间体,与磺胺醋酰银反应,合成1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑磺胺醋酰盐离子液体,并研究其抑菌性能。考察投料比、反应温度对1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐中间体产率的影响;烷基碳原子数量对中间体的合成、离子液体的合成及其抑菌性能的影响。结果表明,n(N-甲基咪唑)∶n(溴代正丁烷)=1∶1.3,反应温度90℃时,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐产率最高;烷基碳原子数量增加,中间体的产率逐渐变低,对离子液体合成产率及其抑菌性能影响较小。     

1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑磺胺醋酰盐离子液体的合成

以甲基咪唑为原料,合成1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐中间体,与磺胺醋酰银反应,合成1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑磺胺醋酰盐离子液体,并研究其抑菌性能。考察投料比、反应温度对1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐中间体产率的影响;烷基碳原子数量对中间体的合成、离子液体的合成及其抑菌性能的影响。结果表明,n(N-甲基咪唑)∶n(溴代正丁烷)=1∶1.3,反应温度90℃时,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐产率最高;烷基碳原子数量增加,中间体的产率逐渐变低,对离子液体合成产率及其抑菌性能影响较小。     

咪唑盐离子液体的微波合成、表征及性质研究

通过微波辐射,在无溶剂的状态下以N-甲基咪唑为原料合成了4种氯化1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐([Bmim]Cl、[Omim]Cl、[C_12mim]Cl、[C_16mim]Cl)离子液体,并测定了离子液体的表面张力和吸水性能.     

微波辅助离子液体制备及催化降解聚酯

采用微波辅助离子交换法,以氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]Cl)和氯化锌为原料,合成了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯锌酸盐离子液体,并考察了合成过程中溶剂对离子液体合成的影响。进一步以制备的离子液体为催化剂,乙二醇为溶剂,采用微波辅助乙二醇醇解聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。以对苯二甲酸的回收量为指标,分别考察了离子液体用量、反应温度、时间以及溶剂用量对PET降解反应的影响。结果表明,采用微波辅助离子交换法在30 min内即可合成得到相应的离子液体,以二氧六环为溶剂时,3种产物的产率均高于90%。在微波加热的条件下,离子液体[Bmim][Zn2Cl5]对PET的乙二醇醇解反应具有较好的催化性能,对苯二甲酸的产率超过20%。     

离子液体合成含溴1，3，4-噻二唑的研究

采用无溶剂一锅法合成了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体([bmim]BF4),反应原料N-甲基咪唑、溴代正丁烷和四氟硼酸钾在水浴中搅拌反应3 h,收率为91.8%。然后以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体催化合成含溴1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物,反应条件为:反应温度95～100℃,反应时间2 h,收率为58.3%。用减压蒸馏的简单方法将离子液体分离出来。研究结果表明,用离子液体[bmim]BF4合成含溴1,3,4-噻二唑的方法比传统方法即用浓硫酸作催化剂的方法的收率高6.7%。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体合成与表征

以1-甲基咪唑和氯代正丁烷为原料,合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体,考察反应条件对产物收率的影响。结果表明,合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体的最佳条件为:反应温度80℃,反应时间40 h,1-甲基咪唑与氯代正丁烷的摩尔比5∶7。对反应产物进行了红外表征,确定了合成产物即为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体合成与表征

以1-甲基咪唑和氯代正丁烷为原料,合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体,考察反应条件对产物收率的影响。结果表明,合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体的最佳条件为:反应温度80℃,反应时间40 h,1-甲基咪唑与氯代正丁烷的摩尔比5∶7。对反应产物进行了红外表征,确定了合成产物即为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体。     

微波法合成离子液体中间体1-烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑类溴盐

以1,2-二甲基咪唑和溴代烷烃为原料,采用微波法合成了标题化合物.与传统方法相比,反应时间大大缩短.产物结构经IR和1HNMR确证,并得出结论:阳离子烷基链长度的增加会使3 100-3 000 cm-1波数范围内谱带减弱,降低离子液体的熔点,而对咪唑环上质子化学位移影响不大.     

1，3-二烷基咪唑类离子液体的合成研究

通过N-烷基化反应制备了中间产物氯化-1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑[BMIM]Cl离子液体,得到较佳的制备条件。引入微波辅助改进了[BMIM]Cl合成方法。同时在超声波辅助下,通过离子交换制备了亲水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐[BMIM]BF4以及憎水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐[BMIM]PF6。结果发现,微波辅助和超声波辅助可以加速反应速度。产物结构用IR和1H NMR进行表征。     

Copolymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether with carbon dioxide catalyzed by ionic liquids

The copolymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) and carbon dioxide was performed without any solvent in the presence of ionic liquid as catalyst. The reaction was carried out in a batch autoclave reactor. The carbonate content of polycarbonate was affected by the structure of imidazolium salt ionic liquid; the one with the cation of bulkier alkyl chain length and with more nucleophilic anion showed better reactivity. However, the yield of carbon dioxide addition decreased when hexyl or octyl containing ionic liquids were used in place of butyl group in 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium salts. The carbonate content and turnover number (TON) of the polycarbonate increased as the reaction temperature increased from 40 to 80 ‡C. However, the carbonate content decreased with increasing reaction time.     

微波辅助离子液体法对纤维素的均相改性研究

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（BMIMCl）为溶剂,采用微波辐射代替常规的加热技术,对纤维素进行均相改性研究。首先进行微波辐射下纤维素在离子液体中的溶解,研究微波辐射温度和溶解时间的影响;其次进行纤维素与氯乙酰氯在微波辅助离子液体中的均相乙酰化研究,利用FT-IR、1H-NMR对聚合物进行了表征,探讨微波辐射功率、反应温度、反应时间和氯乙酰氯用量对纤维素取代度的影响。结果表明,微波加热有利于纤维素溶解和酯化,辐射时间和温度提高均会增加纤维素溶解量,酯化剂用量和微波辐射时间对反应影响较大。     

微波法制备咪唑类离子液体

运用常规两步法和微波法制备了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim]BF4)以及1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C2OHmim]BF4),并通过红外光谱表征以及密度和溶解度等物理性质的检测,对两种制备方法进行了比较。实验结果表明,不需使用任何溶剂,选择N-甲基咪唑和溴代正丁烷(2-氯乙醇)的配比为1∶1.1,[bmim]Br([C2OHmim]Cl)和NaBF4的配比为1∶1,在微波炉功率为350 W的条件下反应,[bmim]BF4和[C2OHmim]BF4的产率分别达70.0%和76.9%。反应采取微波间歇加热的方式,方法简单高效、无溶剂污染,但产率偏低,其制备条件还需进一步研究与完善。     

Dehydration of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the presence of ionic liquids

The acid-catalyzed dehydration of fructose was performed in a microbatch reactor at 80 °C using two commercially available ionic liquids, a hydrophilic one, 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM⁺BF₄⁻), and a hydrophobic one, 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM⁺PF₆⁻). When the reaction is carried out in 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate as solvent and Amberlyst-15 as catalyst, a yield up to 50% in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is obtained within around 3 h. When the reaction is carried out now in 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and in 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate as solvents and Amberlyst-15 as catalyst, DMSO is used as a co-solvent, in order, in particular, to solubilize fructose in the hydrophobic ionic liquid. Under these conditions, both ionic liquids allow the reaction to work more rapidly than in DMSO alone and with yields in HMF close to 80% within 24 h.     

取代吲哚-3-甲醛与3-甲基-1-苯基-5-吡唑啉酮的固相缩合反应

在无溶剂、无催化剂、微波辐射条件下,取代吲哚-3-甲醛与3-甲基-1-苯基-5-吡哇啉酮通过固相Knoevenagel缩合反应合成了一系列4-(取代吲哚基-3-次甲基)-3-甲基-1-苯基-5-吡唑啉酮,产物结构经IR,1H NMR确证.最佳反应条件为:n(吲哚-3-甲醛):n(3-甲基-1-苯基-5-吡哇啉酮)＝1....     

Ionothermal synthesis of gallophosphate molecular sieves in 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ionic liquids

Gallophosphate (GaPO₄) molecular sieves were ionothermally prepared in 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ionic liquids (ILs) with alkyl chain length varying from 2 to 6 carbons for the first time. Three kinds of GaPO₄ materials such as GaPO₄-a, cloverite (denoted as CLO below) and GaPO₄-LTA were obtained, and their structures and morphologies were characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, SEM and multi-nuclear NMR. In the case of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ionic liquid, large single crystals of GaPO₄-LTA with well-defined octahedral morphology was obtained in both sealed (ca. 400 μm in size) and open vessels (ca. 300 μm in size). Ionothermal synthesis is an effective method for the preparation of large single crystal of molecular sieves. With the alkyl chain length of the ionic liquids increasing from 2 carbons to 6 carbons, the size of GaPO₄-LTA decreased sharply. The organic template cations in the as-synthesized GaPO₄-LTA crystals may have two different kinds of conformational structures. Fluorine plays a role of co-template along with organic cations of ILs in the synthesis of GaPO₄-LTA and CLO, while only GaPO₄-a was obtained in the absence of fluorine. The reaction temperature can also affect the structure of the final structure. In the reaction medium of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide IL, GaPO₄-LTA was obtained at 180 °C, while CLO was obtained at 150 °C.     

1-戊基-3-甲基咪唑类离子液体的合成

以1-氯戊烷和N-甲基咪唑为原料合成了室温离子液体1-戊基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(PMIMBF4)和六氟磷酸盐(PMIMPF6),通过考察各种影响因素对中间产物氯代咪唑盐(PMIMCl)的影响得出合成1-戊基3-甲基咪唑离子液体的最佳条件为:原料N-甲基咪唑与1-氯戊烷的投料比为1.2∶1,反应温度为70-75℃,反应时间为24 h。最终产物的收率为92%-94%。产物结构用FT-IR和1HNMR光谱进行表征。     

Chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to dimethyl carbonate from propylene carbonate and methanol using ionic liquid catalysts

The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) through the transesterification of propylene carbonate (PC) with methanol was investigated by using imidazolium salt ionic liquid catalysts. 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium salts of different alkyl group (C₂, C₄, C₆, C₈) and anions (Cl⁻, Br⁻, BF₄⁻, PF₆⁻) were used for catalysts. The reaction was carried out in an autoclave at 140–180°C under carbon dioxide pressure of 1.48–5.61 MPa. The imidazolium salts of shorter alkyl group, and more nucleophilic counter anion exhibited higher catalytic activity. The conversion of PC increased as CO₂ pressure and reaction temperature increased. Kinetic studies were also performed to better understand the reaction mechanism. This paper was presented at the 6 ^th Korea-China Workshop on Clean Energy Technology held at Busan, Korea, July 4–7, 2006.     

1-（3-磺酸基）丙基-3-甲基咪唑磷钨酸盐催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

以1-（3-磺酸基）丙基-3-甲基咪唑磷钨酸盐（［MIMPS］₃PW₁₂O₄₀）为催化剂,考察了醇酸物质的量比、反应时间和催化剂用量对合成柠檬酸三丁酯的影响及催化剂重复使用性能。结果表明,在醇酸物质的量比为4.0∶1、反应时间5 h、催化剂用量为柠檬酸质量的2%和反应温度不高于140 ℃条件下,酯化率高达99.7%,并具有良好重复使用效果。