装修材料用量对室内污染物浓度场的影响

本文应用FLUENT软件模拟房间中随着装修材料用量的增加室内污染物浓度场的变化情况,模拟结果是先对房间密闭1小时后进行通风6分钟后得到的,随后模拟得到在两种工况下房间内甲醛平均浓度随房间通风时间增加的变化情况。通过模拟得到的结果可以更加直观的掌握房间内污染物的分布情况,为合理确定装修方案控制室内污染物污染提供参考依据。     

盆栽植物净化装修室内甲醛效果测试

分析了各种装修室内污染物净化技术的优缺点,总结了国内外盆栽植物吸收室内甲醛的研究情况,并对新装修一个月未人住的实际住宅进行了植物吸收甲醛的测试,得出盆栽植物对室内污染物浓度较高的房间吸收甲醛的效果并不明显,当移出植物后室内污染物浓度又有所回升.     

吕梁市某小区室内TVOC检测及分析

选取吕梁市某小区10户装修1个月以内与10户装修6个月以上的住宅进行室内TVOC浓度检测,发现装修半年后的房间室内TVOC浓度较装修1个月以内的房间明显降低;不同类型的房间室内TVOC浓度也不相同,这是受到装修材料、通风和室内温度的影响。通过对影响因素的讨论,对住宅装修提出建议及TVOC防治措施。     

室内涂料挥发性污染物的危害和排放规律研究

讨论了室内涂料挥发性污染物的健康影响和排放规律。以甲苯、乙苯、间二甲苯以及邻二甲苯为例 ,在 1m× 1m× 1m大小的不锈钢密封环境舱内模拟室内装饰装修用涂料中有害挥发性有机物的挥发与扩散 ,考察了挥发性污染物浓度以及排放速率随时间和进气速率的变化规律。实验结果表明环境舱模拟所得的浓度与实际房间装修后的监测值基本相符     

新建超高层办公楼室内环境污染物控制技术

通过对装修材料、家具材料以及不同工况条件下室内空气中有害物质浓度的试验,分析了装修材料、家具、中央空调系统对某超高层办公楼内室内环境污染物的影响,对新建超高层办公楼室内环境污染物控制技术进行了研究。     

某住宅室内装修污染物分析与控制

对当前室内装修所用到的装修材料进行了介绍,分析了室内装修材料带来的室内污染物和对人体的危害。以一套经过新装修的住宅为例,主要对卧室内的污染物种类与含量进行了测量,给出室内污染物浓度随着时间的变化情况,测量发现室内主要污染物甲醛的浓度受温度、相对湿度、天气状况等影响。针对室内污染物的散发特点与分布,合理的对装饰装修引起的室内空气污染进行控制。     

某住宅室内装修污染物分析与控制

对当前室内装修所用到的装修材料进行介绍,分析室内装修材料带来的室内污染物和对人体的危害.以一套经过新装修的住宅为例,主要对卧室内的污染物种类与含量进行测量,具体分析了室内污染物浓度随着时间的变化情况,给出了室内主要污染物甲醛的浓度受温度、相对湿度、天气状况等影响其浓度变化的趋势.根据所调查研究的室内污染物的散发特点与分布,提出了针对装饰装修引起室内空气污染的控制措施.     

南京某大型办公楼总挥发性有机化合物检测与污染原因探讨

通过采用Tenax-TA吸附管采集-热解吸仪解吸-气相色谱分析法,对南京某办公楼室内环境TVOC取样分析.从50个检测数据中,分别统计Tv0C、苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、乙苯、对间二甲苯、邻二甲苯含量.统计结果显示92%TVOC测量值超过国家标准,最大值超标约30倍.根据该办公楼室内不同部位装修材料,分析TVOC中主要污染物来源.从材料选用、装修避免过度等源头控制污染物的产生,是控制室内环境污染的重要措施.加强通风换气、采用有效空气净化方法是降低室内空气TV0C浓度,改善室内空气质量的有效手段.     

浅谈室内装修项目的污染物危害及控制措施

文章从室内装修中污染物的危害着手，分析了室内装修污染的影响因素，包括板材用量对甲醛浓度的影响、环境温度对甲醛浓度影响、装修完毕的通风时间对甲醛浓度影响等，最后重点阐述室内装修污染的控制措施，可供借鉴。     

建筑装修室内空气挥发性有机物污染规律研究

通过对某综合建筑装饰装修工程中室内空气TVOC未达标房间的跟踪监测,研究了室内TVOC浓度的衰减规律,建立了TVOC浓度衰减和时间预测模型并给出了建模方法。通过分析可知,随释放时间的延长,装修工程室内TVOC浓度逐渐降低,浓度下降速率也呈逐渐下降趋势;装修工程室内TVOC浓度和达标间隔时间不仅与初始浓度有关,还与衰减速率有关。装修工程室内TVOC浓度衰减基本符合指数函数,可通过建立模型的方法,对达标间隔时间进行预测。     

混合通风空调房间中粒子谱的空间变化

根据成都市夏季室外颗粒物浓度的实测结果,利用数值流体力学方法对混合通风空调房间的粒子进行了模拟,分析了室内粒子的空间演化及其与室外粒子的浓度关系。结果表明,室内粒子浓度对室外粒子浓度具有直接的依赖性,其中进风携带的小粒子浓度在室内下降较为明显。因此,在研究室内空气品质的同时,应考虑室外背景粒子浓度变化的影响。     

室内空气甲醛和氨与室外气象条件相关性研究

为了解寒冷地区哈尔滨市室内空气污染物随气候变化的特性,通过对哈尔滨市某一新建楼房办公室进行一年的室内空气甲醛和氨实验检测,确定了室内外环境温度与室内空气甲醛和氨浓度的关系。实验结果表明,气象状况（季节、风力、雨雪等）变化和哈尔滨生活环境特点使室内外温差改变较大,从而导致室内空气甲醛和氨浓度呈现规律性变化。本研究结果具有地区代表性,为完善室内空气污染物检测和评价体系提供依据。     

深圳市新装修住宅室内空气质量调研分析

本文通过对深圳市新装修住宅室内空气质量进行现场测试和长期监测,总结了此类住宅的室内空气污染现状,对装饰装修所带来的室内空气污染规律进行了分析。调研结果显示,深圳市装修污染水平基本与全国平均水平一致,甲醛和TVOC超标率均高于60%;家具是住宅室内空气化学污染最主要的污染源,且由于其使用密度高,卧室和儿童房等功能房间污染程度最为严重;化学污染在装修后初期能够快速下降,但后期衰减缓慢,持续时间长;不同的污染物衰减过程有所差异,苯系物污染相比于甲醛污染衰减的更快一些。     

Indoor air quality investigation at air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned markets in Hong Kong

To characterize indoor air quality at the markets in Hong Kong, three non-air-conditioned and two air-conditioned markets were selected for this study. The indoor air pollutants measured included PM(10) (particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microm), total bacteria count (TBC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)). The indoor and outdoor concentrations of these target air pollutants at these markets were measured and compared. The effects of air conditioning, temperature/relative humidity variation and different stalls on the indoor air quality were also investigated. The results indicated that all of the average indoor concentrations of PM(10), TBC, CO and NO(2) at the markets were below the Hong Kong Indoor Air Quality Objectives (HKIAQO) standards with a few exceptions for PM(10) and TBC. The elevated PM(10) concentrations at Hung Hom, Ngau Tau Kok and Wan Chai markets were probably due to the air filtration of outdoor airborne particulates emitted from vehicular exhaust, whereas high concentrations of airborne bacteria at Sai Ying Pun and Tin Shing markets were linked to the use of air conditioning. Correlation analysis demonstrated that indoor bacteria concentrations were correlated with temperature and relative humidity. The operation of air conditioning did not significantly reduce the levels of air pollutants at the markets. However, the higher indoor/outdoor ratios demonstrated that the operation of air conditioning had influence on the levels of bacteria at the markets. It was found that average PM(10) concentration at poultry stalls was higher than the HKIAQO standard of 180 microg/m(3), and was over two times that measured at vegetable, fish and meat stalls. Furthermore, the concentration of airborne bacteria at the poultry stalls was as high as 1031 CFU/m(3), which was above the HKIAQO standard of 1000 CFU/m(3). The bacteria levels at other three stalls were all below the HKIAQO standard. Statistical analysis indicated that there were no significant differences among the four stalls for CO, NO(x) and SO(2).     

炎热环境空调汽车停启过程车内温变特性的理论与实验研究

提出了汽车停启过程车内温度变化的理论分析模型，得到了车内气温随时间变化的分析解。理论分析结果表明，汽车在停一启过程中，车内气温随时间呈指数规律变化，当时间足够长时，车内温度趋于稳定。首次提出了空调汽车的特征温度及温度响应指数的概念。理论分析表达式不仅从物理意义上清晰地揭示了汽车停一启过程中车内温度变化规律，而且与实验结果吻合较好。该理论分析结果对综合考察汽车整体结构及空调系统设计的优劣、改善汽车舒适性及降低启动过程的耗油量具有指导意义。     

Indoor/outdoor relationships of carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen in domestic homes with roadside, urban and rural locations in a central Indian region

Indoor air quality (IAQ) has been a matter of public concern these days whereas air pollution is normally monitored outdoors as part of obligations under the National air quality strategies. Much little is known about levels of air pollution indoors. Simultaneous measurements of indoor and outdoor carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2) concentrations were conducted at three different environments, i.e. rural, urban and roadside in Agra, India, using YES - 205 multigas monitor during the winter season, i.e. October 2002-February 2003. A statistical correlation analysis of indoor concentration levels with outdoor concentrations was carried out. CO was maximum at roadside locations with indoor concentrations 2072.5 +/- 372 p.p.b. and outdoor concentrations 1220 +/- 281 p.p.b. (R2 = 0.005). Oxides of nitrogen were found maximum at urban site; NO concentration was 385 +/- 211 and 637 +/- 269 p.p.b. for indoors and outdoors respectively (R2 = 0.90792), where as NO2 concentration was 255 +/- 146 p.p.b. for indoors and 460 +/- 225 p.p.b. for outdoors (R2 = 0939464). Although indoor concentration at all the houses of the three sites have a positive correlation with outdoor concentration, CO variation indoors was very less due to outdoor sources. An activity schedule of inside and outside these homes were also prepared to see its influence and concentrations of pollutants. As standards for indoor air were not available for the Indian conditions these were compared with the known standards of other countries, where as outdoor concentrations were compared with the standards given by the Central Pollution Control board, which shows that indoor concentrations of both NO(x) and CO lie below permissible limits but outdoor concentrations of NO(x) cross the standard limits. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: 'India currently bears the largest number of indoor air pollution (IAP) related health problems in world. An estimated 500,000 women & children die in India each year due to IAP-related cause--this is 25% of estimated IAP-related deaths worldwide. This study will be useful for policy makers, health related officials, academicians and Scientists who have interest in countries of developing world'.     

Airborne particulate matter and gaseous air pollutants in residential structures in Lodi province, Italy

The province of Lodi is located in northern Italy on the Po River plain, where high background levels of air pollutants are prevalent. Lodi province is characterized by intensive agriculture, notably animal husbandry. This paper assesses indoor levels of selected airborne pollutants in 60 homes in the province, with special attention to size-fractionated particulate matter (PM). Indoor PM?.? concentrations are frequently higher than current guidelines. PM?? and nitrogen dioxide also exceed the respective guideline recommendations in some cases, noting that 24-h nitrogen dioxide levels were compared with an annual limit value. All other studied pollutant levels are below current international guidelines. Among indoor PM size fractions, PM?.? is predominant in terms of mass concentrations corresponding to 57% of PM?? in summer and 71% in winter. A strong seasonal trend is observed for all studied pollutants, with higher levels in winter corresponding to changes in ambient concentrations. The seasonal variation in PM?? is largely due to PM?.? increase from summer to winter. Summer indoor PM levels are mainly from indoor-generated particles, while particles of outdoor origin represent the main contribution to winter indoor PM levels. On average, indoor concentrations of coarse PM are mostly constituted by indoor-generated particles. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study presents a comparison between measured indoor concentrations in the study area and indoor air quality guideline criteria. Accordingly, particulate matter (PM) and NO? are identified as key pollutants that may pose health concerns. It is also found that indoor PM in residential units is mainly constituted by particles with aerodynamic diameters <0.5 μm, especially in winter. Risk mitigation strategies should be focused on the reduction in indoor levels of NO? and ultrafine and fine particles, both infiltrated from outdoors and generated by indoor sources.     

A review on reducing indoor particulate matter concentrations from personal-level air filtration intervention under real-world exposure situations

Improving air quality in indoor environments where people live is of importance to protect human health. In this systematic review, we assessed the effectiveness of personal-level use of air filtration units in reducing indoor particulate matters (PM) concentrations under real-world situations following systematic review guidelines. A total of 54 articles were included in the review, in which 20 randomized controlled/crossover trials that reported the changes in indoor fine PM (PM_2.5) concentrations were quantitatively assessed in meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for changes in indoor PM concentrations following air filtration interventions. Moderate-to-large reductions of 11%–82% in indoor PM_2.5 concentrations were observed with SMD of −1.19 (95% CI: −1.50, −0.88). The reductions in indoor PM concentrations varied by geographical locations, filtration technology employed, indoor environmental characteristics, and air pollution sources. Most studies were graded with low-to-moderate risk of bias; however, the overall certainty of evidence for indoor PM concentration reductions was graded at very low level. Considering the effectiveness of indoor air filtration under practical uses, socio-economic disparities across study populations, and costs of air filter replacement over time, our results highlight the importance of reducing air pollution exposure at the sources.     

Modeling ventilation and radon in new Dutch dwellings

Indoor radon concentrations were estimated for various ventilation conditions, the differences being mainly related to the airtightness of the dwelling and the ventilation behavior of its occupants. The estimations were aimed at describing the variation in air change rates and radon concentrations to be expected in the representative newly built Dutch dwellings and identifying the most important parameters determining air change rate and indoor radon concentration. The model estimations were compared with measurements. Most of the air was predicted to enter the model dwelling through leaks in the building shell, independent of the ventilation conditions of the dwelling. Opening the air inlets was shown to be an efficient way to increase infiltration and thus to decrease radon concentration. The effect of increasing the mechanical ventilation rate was considerably less than opening the air inlets. The mechanical ventilation sets the lower limit to the air change rate of the dwelling, and is effective in reducing the radon concentration when natural infiltration is low. Opening inside doors proved to be effective in preventing peak concentrations in poorly ventilated rooms. As the airtightness of newly built dwellings is still being improved, higher radon concentrations are to be expected in the near future and the effect of occupant behavior on indoor radon concentrations is likely to increase. According to the model estimations soil-borne radon played a moderate role, which is in line with measurements.     

Radon and Natural Ventilation in Newer Danish Single-Family Houses

Abstract To investigate the effect of ventilation on indoor radon (²²²Rn), simultaneous measurements of radon concentrations and air change rates were made in 117 Danish naturally ventilated slab-on-grade houses built during the period 1984–1989. Radon measurements (based on CR-39 alpha-track detectors) and air change rate measurements (based on the perfluorocarbon tracer technique; PFT) were in the ranges 12–620 Bq m^?3 and 0.16?0.96 h^?1, respectively. Estimates of radon entry rates on the basis of such time-averaged results are presented and the associated uncertainty is discussed. It was found that differences in radon concentrations from one house to another are primarily caused by differences in radon entry rates whereas differences in air change rates are much less important (accounting for only 80,0% of the house-to-house variation). In spite of the large house-to-house variability of radon entry rates it was demonstrated, however, that natural ventilation does have a significant effect on the indoor radon concentration. Most importantly, it was found that the group of houses with an air change rate above the required level of 0.5 h^?1 on average had an indoor radon concentration that was only 50% (0.5±0.1) of that of the group of houses with air change rates below 0.5 h^?1. The reducing effect of increased natural ventilation on the indoor radon concentration was found to be due mainly to dilution of indoor air. No effect could be seen regarding reduced radon entry rates.