H2O2氧化对铈锆复合氧化物性能的影响研究

以廉价白云石为原料所制备的碳酸氢镁溶液作为沉淀剂合成铈锆复合氧化物,研究沉淀过程中双氧水氧化稀土锆混合料液对铈锆复合氧化物性能的影响。采用XRD、BET、SEM、TPR、O2脉冲化学吸附技术等手段研究了不同氧化时间对铈锆复合氧化物的晶型、比表面积、微观形貌、氧化还原性质和储放氧能力的影响。结果表明:双氧水氧化稀土锆料液不仅可以有效提高铈锆复合氧化物的比表面和高温稳定性,抑制其发生分相,而且可以提高铈锆复合氧化物表面活性氧的数量。随着氧化时间的延长,铈锆复合氧化物的比表面积、老化性能及储氧量增加,氧化时间为30 min时达到最佳效果,其600℃焙烧新鲜比表面积为111.3 m2/g,1000℃老化比表面积为32.9 m2/g,500℃时储氧量为315μmol O2/g;继续延长氧化时间,比表面积、老化性能及储氧量变化不大。     

铈锆复合氧化物在摩托车尾气净化催化剂中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了Ce0.8Zr0.3O2和Ce0.7Zr0.2Y0.1O2两种复合氧化物,并用XRD、BET及OSC等方法对复合氧化物的结构、织构及储氧性能进行了表征.结果表明,2种复合氧化物均形成了立方相的铈锆固溶体并具有良好的织构及热稳定性能,经1000℃,5 h老化后的Ce0.7Zr0.2Y0.1O2比表面积仍高达50m2/g以上.将所制备的复合氧化物用于摩托车尾气净化三效催化剂,模拟摩托车尾气的组成,分别对Pt-Rh/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2和Pt-Rh/Ce0.7Zr0.2Y0.1O2 2种催化剂进行了活性评价.结果显示,催化剂Pt-Rh/Ce0.7Zr0.2Y0.1O2在老化前后均具有高的三效催化活性和高的抗热老化性及宽的空燃比窗口.     

金属蜂窝负载Pd催化甲烷部分氧化制合成气

采用浸渍法制备负载金属Pd(其中金属Pd含量0.6g/L)活性组分的金属蜂窝载体催化剂,应用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气。实验表明,焙烧温度为950℃的催化剂较600℃的催化剂甲烷转化率、CO和H2的选择性更高,焙烧温度为950℃的催化剂在反应温度800℃,GHSV=1×105ml/g·h条件下,甲烷转化率为91%,CO和H2的选择性分别达到90%和89%。用SEM与XPS对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,950℃焙烧催化剂并没有出现明显的烧结现象,且可能由于更多零价Pd的出现,使得该催化剂的性能更好。由于金属蜂窝载体优良的导热性,对950℃焙烧温度制备的金属蜂窝催化剂,催化剂床层的飞温点温度小于880℃,可以解决其它类型催化剂在甲烷部分氧化反应中出现的飞温问题,具有一定的工业化意义。     

钙钛矿催化材料La1-xCexCoO3+δ的制备、表征及甲烷燃烧催化性质

采用柠檬酸发泡法制备了钙钛矿LaCoO3催化材料;研究了Ce对La进行掺杂替代对催化材料性能的影响;通过BET、XRD、SEM等手段对催化材料进行了物性表征;以甲烷完全燃烧为目标反应,研究了钙钛矿La1-xCexCoO3 δ的催化性能.结果表明:铈掺杂对材料晶相有较大影响,当掺杂量x小于0.3时,粉体晶型基本不变,而当掺杂量达到0.5时,有明显CO3O4晶相出现,LaCoO3钙钛矿晶相完整性遭到破坏,当掺杂量大于0.7时,钙钛矿晶相大大弱化甚至消失;LaCoO3是一种性能优良的甲烷燃烧催化材料,Ce的掺杂替代对催化材料活性有明显影响,并增强了催化材料的高温稳定性能,铈最佳掺杂量为0.3;前驱体经700℃焙烧形成了较为完整的钙钛矿晶型,经800℃焙烧后,催化材料最高活性为:t10%=390℃,t90%=603℃.     

Pd/CeCoOx催化剂上Pd组分分散性改进及其NGVs尾气净化性能

近年来,天然气汽车（NGVs）尾气净化三效催化剂的研究主要集中在具有高分散性的负载型贵金属催化剂。本文利用金属有机骨架（MOFs）模板法制备了纳米结构的CeCoOx复合氧化物作为载体,并与传统溶胶-凝胶法（SG）制备的铈钴氧化物比较,探究了贵金属Pd在两种催化剂载体上的分散状态及其对催化性能的影响。结果表明,以CeCo-MOFs材料为前驱体衍生制备的Pd/CeCoOx(M)催化剂其CO、NO、CH4三效催化性能相比溶胶-凝胶法制备的相同组成Pd/CeCoOx(SG)催化剂低了约100 ℃左右,具有更低的低温活性。以CeCo-MOFs为前驱体衍生制备的铈钴复合氧化物晶体粒子更小,晶相结构均匀,具有更大的比表面积,促进了Pd组分分散状态的提高,也丰富了催化剂的氧空位和结构缺陷,显著提高了催化剂的低温三效催化性能。利用MOFs前驱体热分解得到的复合氧化物可以作为三效催化贵金属活性组分分散的良好材料。     

新型稀土储氧材料的性能及在三效催化剂中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了铈锆复合氧化物CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3(CZ-Y)和CeO2-ZrO2(CZ),对其进行了BET、TPD和储氧量(OSC)的表征,并考察了这两种铈锆复合氧化物对Pt-Rh型三效催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,含CZ-Y的催化剂具有较好的低温活性和抗老化性能.     

CeO2改性钌系催化剂的制备及催化降解氨氮废水的研究

以RuO2和CuO为活性组分和辅助活性组分,添加CeO2作为助剂,采用硝酸盐浸渍法负载在分子筛载体上,焙烧制备Ru-Cu-Ce复合催化剂。采用比表面分析仪(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对催化剂进行表征,用静态实验评价氧化去除氨氮的催化性能。结果表明,Cu和Ce的添加能够提高Ru催化剂的性能,Ce可以抑制Cu的溶出损失。催化剂制备的最佳焙烧条件为300℃焙烧4.5 h。对200 mL初始浓度为205.8 mg/L的模拟氨氮废水,0.25%Ru-1%Cu- 1%Ce催化剂常压氧化降解的最佳条件为:初始pH=10,温度80℃,30%双氧水添加量为处理水量的1/2000,氨氮去除率可达85.6%,催化剂重复使用7次性能无明显降低。     

稀土元素改性kappa相铈锆复合氧化物的性能研究

Kappa相铈锆复合氧化物(κ-Ce_2Zr_2O_8)的晶体结构中铈锆离子有序排列,具有极高的储氧量。但是,κ-Ce2Zr2O8释放氧温度较高,氧化条件下热稳定性较差,限制了其在汽油车三效催化剂上的应用。通过表面包覆稀土元素的方法制备了改性的kappa相铈锆复合氧化物,并且通过XRD和H_2-TPR研究了稀土元素的种类、包覆量及预处理条件对改性κ-Ce_2Zr_2O_8的储放氧能力和热稳定性的影响。Pr元素包覆的kappa相铈锆复合氧化物储氧量增加,释放氧温度降低,经过还原预处理后热稳定性提高,因而在汽油车三效催化剂上具有广阔的应用前景。     

白云鄂博混合型稀土精矿在惰性气氛下的热分解行为（英文）

为了开发和应用白云鄂博混合型稀土精矿的先进冶炼技术，采用Kissinger公式、TGA-DSC和XRD等分析方法，研究在氮气氛下白云鄂博混合型稀土精矿的热分解行为，包括热分解动力学、物相变化规律、铈氧化效率以及物相变化对稀土浸出率的影响。结果表明：在500～550℃焙烧时，焙烧质量损失率约10%、热分解活化能(E_a)为148 k J/mol。550℃焙烧2 h，白云鄂博混合型稀土精矿中氟碳铈矿完全分解，并转化为稀土氧化物和氟氧化物，铈氧化率最大值为0.58%。600℃焙烧2 h，稀土最大浸出率达49.1%。     

铈对铜基氧化还原催化剂活性的影响

以汽车尾气净化为研究背景,用微反技术考察了铜基多元氧化物催化剂对CO的氧化、NO CO、甲苯和甲醇燃烧的催化活性,着重研究了铈的存在对负载型Cu-M-O(M=Mn、Fe和Cr)催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,铈作为铜基多元氧化物催化剂的助剂,能不同程度地提高所研究的氧化还原反应的活性;尤其是能明显提高铜基氧化物催化剂在甲醇的催化燃烧,以及在贫氧条件下的CO氧化和甲苯燃烧中的活性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。