活性染料近代染色技术及助剂

系统介绍了活性染料近代染色技术,特别是一些高效、节能、减排的清洁染色技术,主要包括:低碱和中性、低盐和无盐、低温和冷轧堆、湿短蒸、小浴比、短流程和一浴法、"一次正确"和受控、交联和聚合、非水介质及水循环利用等新的染色技术和相关助剂,同时对各种染色技术的特点和不足作了分析,提出了当前值得推广的一些染色技术和助剂,并对它们今后的发展作了展望.     

中国居民蔬菜、水果消费现状分析

使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查中一年食物频率调查的数据,分别对55211名15岁及以上居民的新鲜蔬菜、干菜、咸菜、酸菜、泡菜和新鲜水果的食用率、食用频率和食用量进行了分析。结果表明,我国居民新鲜蔬菜、干菜、咸菜、酸菜、泡菜和新鲜水果的食用率分别为96．5％、25．3％、56．4％、I6．6％57．1％和95．4％,每周食用频次分别为11．8次,0．3次、2．5次、0．4次、0．6次和3．2次,每人每天的食用量分别为264．3g、4．0g、12．2g、2．8g、8．3g和71．8g。新鲜蔬菜的食用率、食用频次和食用量均为城市低于农村,而新鲜水果为城市高于农村。四类农村酸菜和泡菜的食用率、食用频次和食用量明显高于其他地区。新鲜水果的食用率、食用频次和食用量随着年龄组的增加而降低。可见,我国居民的蔬菜、水果的消费水平较低,应指导人们科学、合理增加新鲜蔬菜和水果的消费。     

洞庭湖区南荻嫩茎营养成分分析与重金属含量测定

为研究洞庭湖区河滩野生南荻嫩茎的营养价值和开发前景,以鲜样去壳冻藏和热烫后去壳冻藏的嫩茎为原料,分析测定其主要化学成分。结果表明：新鲜南荻嫩茎和热烫南荻嫩茎的水分含量分别为91.86%和89.82%、总糖含量分别为3.08%和3.72%、还原糖含量分别为1.10%和1.86%、蛋白质含量分别为2.90%和3.55%、总膳食纤维含量分别为31.81%和43.67%、总灰分含量分别为0.36%和0.33%,南荻嫩茎中富含15 种氨基酸,含有钾、钠、钙、镁、锰、锌、铜、硒等元素,重金属铅、镉、铬未检出,汞和砷含量低于国标限量值。     

《纺织机械》征稿启事

正征稿内容1、对我国纺织工业和纺织机械行业方针政策或发展趋势的研究和探讨。2、纺织机械新产品的开发及老产品改进。重点介绍机器的特点、结构特征及实际生产应用的效果,并对其机理进行分析和论述。3、引进设备和国产设备机械性能的分析和对比,及消化吸收国产化的经验和体会。4、纺织机械产品设计和制造过程中新方法、新技术、新材料、新工艺及新设备的研究和应用。     

不同温度贮藏热鲜猪肉品质变化比较

比较研究25、20、15、10℃和4℃五种贮藏温度下的热鲜猪肉在食用品质(蒸煮损失率、剪切力、肉色)、pH值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)和微生物上的差异。结果表明:25、20℃和15℃热鲜肉无最佳消费时段,10℃和4℃最佳消费时段分别在36h和48～72h左右;25、20、15、10℃和4℃的热鲜肉一级鲜消费时段分别在12、18、36、48h和96h内。在48h内,10℃贮藏的热鲜肉与4℃贮藏相比,在蒸煮损失率、肉色(L值和a值)和TVB-N值方面无显著差异,且剪切力变化优于4℃贮藏的热鲜肉。     

罗门哈斯公司的汽车用革复鞣工艺

罗门哈斯是世界上最大的精细化学品制造商之一．凭借其纯熟卓越的技术，罗门哈斯的化学品被广泛应用于建筑涂料和工业涂料、粘合剂和密封胶、建筑材料、个人护理和家用及工业用化学品、计算机和电子部件、纺织和印染、皮革、纸品、塑料、医药、工业水处理及盐类生产中。     

冬虫夏草化学成分及其药理活性的研究

冬虫夏草由中华虫草菌的子座和僵死的虫草蝙蝠蛾幼虫组成,是一种十分珍贵的保健品和药品。化学研究证实,核苷类(虫草素、腺苷等)、甾醇类(麦角甾醇及其衍生物等)、多糖类物质,以及甘露醇、氨基酸是冬虫夏草具有重要保健和药理作用的物质基础。现已知冬虫夏草具有免疫调节、抗癌、调节内分泌、抗菌、促进造血、抗病毒和护肝、镇静和抗惊厥作用;此外,还可用于心血管系统、呼吸系统和肾脏等疾病的调节和治疗。野生冬虫夏草、人工菌丝体及其活性发酵产物是功能食品的重要资源。     

2012年中国小麦和面粉产业年会开幕词

中国粮食行业协会小麦分会在国家粮食局和中国粮食行业协会的关心、支持下,今天我们来到中国小麦生产第一大省——河南,来到美丽、富饶的历史名城开封召开“2012中国小麦和面粉产业年会”。参加本次会议的有从事小麦培育、生产、加工、营销、科研、教育、管理等方面的领导、专家、教授和企业家;有从事制粉设备、检测仪器和食品添加剂等方面的生产商和供应商以及粮油行业的相关企业、网站和报社等代表,是中国粮食行业协会小麦分会自2006年在郑州成立以来继杭州会议、合肥会议、济南会议、南通会议和石家庄会议之后的第七届盛会。借此机会,我代表中国粮食行业协会和小麦分会对参加本次年会的各位领导、各位嘉宾和全体代表表示最热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢!     

绿色食品执行标准·热带、亚热带水果

1范围 本标准规定了绿色食品热带和亚热带水果（荔枝、龙眼、香蕉、菠萝、芒果、枇杷、黄皮、番木瓜、番石榴、杨桃、橄榄、红毛丹和毛叶枣）的术语和定义、要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、标签、包装、运输和贮存。     

摩洛哥有关粮食生产、贸易、加工、综合利用和消费情况

叙述了摩洛哥的人文、经济和运输情况.归纳了农业情况、农业政策中的谷物局,谷物上市、定价和供应,谷物购买、进口和税率,农业、小麦和面粉的补贴,经济自由化和私有化,发展灌溉、干旱救济.介绍了小麦制粉、饲料和家畜生产情况.     

Determination of the variability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic toxins in endemic wild bivalves and carnivorous gastropods from the Southern part of Chile

The aim of this study was to analyse and determine the composition of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins and lipophilic toxins in the Region of Aysén, Chile, in wild endemic mussels (Mytilus chilensis, Venus antiqua, Aulacomya ater, Choromytilus chorus, Tagelus dombeii and Gari solida) and in two endemic carnivorous molluscs species (Concholepas concholepas and Argobuccinum ranelliforme). PSP-toxin contents were determined by using HPLC with fluorescence detection, while lipophilic toxins were determined by using LC-MS/MS. Mean concentrations for the total of PSP toxins were in the range 55–2505 μg saxitoxin-equivalent/100 g. The two most contaminated samples for PSP toxicity were bivalve Gari solida and carnivorous Argobuccinum ranelliforme with 2505 ± 101 and 1850 ± 137 μg saxitoxin-equivalent/100 g, respectively (p < 0.05). The lipophilic toxins identified were okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and yessotoxins (YTX). All analysed molluscs contained lipophilic toxins at levels ranging from 56 ± 4.8 to 156.1 ± 8.2 μg of okadaic acid-equivalent/kg shellfish together with YTX at levels ranging from 1.0 ± 0.1 to 18 ± 0.9 μg of YTX-equivalent/kg shellfish and AZA at levels ranging from 3.6 ± 0.2 to 31 ± 2.1 μg of AZA-equivalent/kg shellfish. Furthermore, different bivalves and gastropods differ in their capacity of retention of lipophilic toxins, as shown by the determination of their respective lipophilic toxins levels. In all the evaluated species, the presence of lipophilic toxins associated with biotransformation in molluscs and carnivorous gastropods was not identified, in contrast to the identification of PSP toxins, where the profiles identified in the different species are directly related to biotransformation processes. Thus, this study provides evidence that the concentration of toxins in the food intake of the evaluated species (Bivalvia and Gastropoda class) determines the degree of bioaccumulation and biotransformation they will thereafter exhibit.     

荞麦对高脂膳食大鼠肝脏中脂代谢相关酶及血清中蛋白的影响

本文研究荞麦(buckwheat,BW)对高脂膳食大鼠肝脏脂代谢相关酶及血清蛋白含量影响。将50只成年Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为基础对照组,高脂模型组,荞麦低、中、高剂量组,30 d后取血及肝脏,测定相关指标。结果表明,与基础对照组相比,高脂膳食大鼠体重增加,肝脏肝脂酶(HL)、脂肪酶(LPS)、脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)活性显著降低(p<0.05)。与高脂模型组相比,荞麦高剂量组大鼠体重增加量显著降低(p<0.05);荞麦中、高剂量组LPS、LPL活性显著增高(p<0.05),HL活性降低。各组大鼠血清总蛋白(TP)及白蛋白(ALB)变化差异不显著。相关性分析,荞麦粉剂量与HL、LPS、LPL活性呈现正相关关系,LPL与HL活性呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),LPS与LPL、HL活性呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。综上,荞麦干预高脂膳食可调节机体脂代谢相关酶活性。      

应用液相色谱法和毛细管电泳法对阿斯巴甜及其相关杂质的测试

本文描述了用高效液相色谱法和毛细管电泳法测定阿斯巴甜及其相关杂质含量的新方法。样品经过简单的预处理:萃取、过滤,并分别使用ODS C—18柱和未经处理的熔融石英毛细管柱分离,液相色谱所用流动相为:10mmol/L的磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(PH=3.5)和乙腈,配比是86:14;电泳缓冲液为10mmol/L磷酸二氢钾(PH=2.7),分离电压为30KV。在这两种分析方法中,阿斯巴甜(ASPT)及其相关杂质(天门冬苯丙氨酸,苯丙氨酸,二酮哌嗪)均能完全分离并定量测定,相关系数均大于0.999;变异系数均小于5.0％。     

Saxitoxins and okadaic acid group: accumulation and distribution in invertebrate marine vectors from Southern Chile

Harmful algae blooms (HABs) are the main source of marine toxins in the aquatic environment surrounding the austral fjords in Chile. Huichas Island (Aysén) has an history of HABs spanning more than 30 years, but there is limited investigation of the bioaccumulation of marine toxins in the bivalves and gastropods from the Region of Aysén. In this study, bivalves (Mytilus chilenses, Choromytilus chorus, Aulacomya ater, Gari solida, Tagelus dombeii and Venus antiqua) and carnivorous gastropods (Argobuccinum ranelliformes and Concholepas concholepas) were collected from 28 sites. Researchers analysed the accumulation of STX-group toxins using a LC with a derivatisation post column (LC-PCOX), while lipophilic toxins (OA-group, azapiracids, pectenotoxins and yessotoxins) were analysed using LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionisation (+/–) in visceral (hepatopancreas) and non-visceral tissues (mantle, adductor muscle, gills and foot). Levels of STX-group and OA-group toxins varied among individuals from the same site. Among all tissue samples, the highest concentrations of STX-group toxins were noted in the hepatopancreas in V. antiqua (95 ± 0.1 μg STX-eq 100 g^?1), T. dombeii (148 ± 1.4 μg STX-eq 100 g^?1) and G. solida (3232 ± 5.2 μg STX-eq 100 g^?1; p < 0.05); in the adductor muscle in M. chilensis (2495 ± 6.4 μg STX-eq 100 g^?1; p < 0.05) and in the foot in C. concholepas (81 ± 0.7 μg STX-eq 100 g^?1) and T. dombeii (114 ± 1.2 μg STX-eq 100 g^?1). The highest variability of toxins was detected in G. solida, where high levels of carbamate derivatives were identified (GTXs, neoSTX and STX). In addition to the detected hydrophilic toxins, OA-group toxins were detected (OA and DTX-1) with an average ratio of ≈1:1. The highest levels of OA-group toxins were in the foot of C. concholepas, with levels of 400.3 ± 3.6 μg OA eq kg^?1 (p < 0.05) and with a toxic profile composed of 90% OA. A wide range of OA-group toxins was detected in M. chilensis with a toxicity < 80 μg OA eq kg^?1, but with 74% of those toxins detected in the adductor muscle. In all evaluated species, there was no detection of lipophilic toxins associated with biotransformation in molluscs and carnivorous gastropods. In addition, the STX-group and OA-group toxin concentrations in shellfish was not associated with the presence of HAB. The ranking of toxin concentration in the tissues of most species was: digestive glands > mantle > adductor muscle for the STX-group toxins and foot > digestive gland for the OA-group toxins. These results gave a better understanding of the variability and compartmentalisation of STX-group and OA-group toxins in different bivalve and gastropod species from the south of Chile, and the analyses determined that tissues could play an important role in the biotransformation of STX-group toxins and the retention of OA-group toxins.     

亚精胺对小鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢影响及抗疲劳的效果研究

目的：研究亚精胺（spermidine,SPD）对骨骼肌自由基代谢的影响以及抗疲劳作用。方法：实验分为生理盐水组、SPD低剂量组（0.5 mmol/（kg·d））、中剂量组（1.0 mmol/（kg·d））、高剂量组（1.5 mmol/（kg·d））以及西洋参口服液阳性对照组（总皂苷30 mg/（kg·d））,每周灌胃6 d共30 d,每次灌胃前称量小鼠体质量调整灌胃溶液量,灌胃期间进行每天45 min无负重游泳训练。各组随机选取10 只小鼠测试力竭游泳时间;各组剩余10 只负重游泳30 min,休息30 min后取材,检测血清肌酸激酶（creatine kinase,CK）、骨骼肌谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、总超氧化物歧化酶（total-superoxide dismutase,T-SOD）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（succinate dehydrogenase,SDH）活性和骨骼肌丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量。结果：与生理盐水组比较,SPD能显著延长小鼠力竭游泳时间（P＜0.05）;低、中剂量组骨骼肌中GSH-Px、T-SOD、SDH酶活性显著提高（P＜0.05）,MDA含量显著降低（P＜0.05）;SPD组与西洋参组比较,低、中剂量抗疲劳效果有非常显著性（P＜0.05）差异,高剂量抗疲劳效果略优（P＞0.05）。结论：0.5～1.0 mmol/（kg·d） SPD可以增加抗氧化酶的活性,减少自由基的积累,提高骨骼肌细胞膜代谢能力和抗损伤能力,显著推迟小鼠疲劳发生。     

双重净化-气相色谱法同时测定蛋及蛋制品中六六六、滴滴涕和指示性多氯联苯

建立同时测定蛋及蛋制品中六六六、滴滴涕和指示性多氯联苯残留量的双重净化-气相色谱法。样品经乙腈提取,浓硫酸和焙烧型水滑石双重净化后采用气相色谱分析和外标法定量。结果表明：与传统的磺化法相比,采用浓硫酸和焙烧型水滑石双重净化的效果更好,干扰物质少,且目标物提取更充分。在10～200 μg/L的添加水平内4 种六六六、2 种滴滴涕和7 种指示性多氯联苯的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999。方法的检出限（RSN=3）范围为1.12～3.89 μg/kg,定量限（RSN=10）范围为3.73～12.97 μg/kg。添加10、20、100 μg/kg 3 个水平的4 种六六六、2 种滴滴涕和7 种指示性多氯联苯于鸡蛋液、咸蛋及皮蛋空白样品中,加标回收率范围为78.04%～105.05%,相对标准偏差范围为1.28%～7.55%。该方法操作简便快速、准确、灵敏,适用于蛋及蛋制品中六六六、滴滴涕和指示性多氯联苯残留量的快速测定。     

牛血清白蛋白与槲皮素及花青素相互作用方式及其纳米颗粒特征的比较

实验比较了牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)与脂溶性小分子槲皮素(quercetin,QUE)和水溶性花青素(anthocyanin,ACN)相互作用方式及其纳米颗粒的特征。QUE对BSA荧光猝灭作用为静态猝灭方式(低浓度),但在较高浓度时为静态与动态并存的复合猝灭方式,两者的相互作用力为疏水作用力;ACN对BSA的荧光猝灭程度小于QUE对BSA的,为静态猝灭方式,相互作用力为静电作用力。BSA与QUE的结合常数大于BSA与ACN的结合常数。BSA与QUE或ACN相互作用可形成纳米颗粒,其大小分别为42.5 nm和53.7 nm,ζ-电势分别为-25.64 m V和-21.50 m V。1 mol BSA分子可分别与8 mol QUE和10 mol ACN结合。BSA与QUE形成的纳米颗粒(BSA-QUE)粒径较BSA与ACN(BSA-ACN)的小,且稳定性较高。BSA-QUE对DPPH自由基和ABTS+·清除率均高于BSA-ACN。     

VC、VE对添加碳氧血红蛋白香肠加工和贮藏过程中品质特性的影响

本文目的在于考察VC、VE对加入CO-Hb香肠加工和贮藏品质的影响,确定VC、VE与CO-Hb复合用于肉制品加工的可行性.结果表明,添加VC,样品a*值显著增加(P<0.05);添加VE,a*值显著下降(P<0.05).添加VC和VE,样品硬度和咀嚼性降低,凝聚性上升,弹性变化不显著.在贮藏期间,VC、VE均能稳定样品...     

Mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium in fish and shellfish from the Adriatic Sea

The aim was to measure concentrations of total mercury, total arsenic, lead and cadmium in common edible fresh fish and shellfish from various areas of the Adriatic Sea. Estimates of intake of these elements were made through seafood consumption by the general population. Samples were either wet digested for mercury and arsenic, or dry ashed for lead and cadmium analysis. Mercury was measured by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS) and arsenic, lead and cadmium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS). Quality control procedures of analytical methods, which included analyses of dogfish muscle-certified reference material DORM-2, confirmed the acceptability of methods. The highest mercury and arsenic concentrations were found in hake ( Merluccius merluccius ) and the lowest in mackerel ( Scomber scombrus ). The respective values in hake were 0.373 ±0.075 and 23.3 ±3.6, and in mackerel 0.153 ±0.028 and 1.06 ±0.29 mg kg -1 fresh weight (mean ±SD). Lead and cadmium concentrations were about 10 times higher in shellfish than in analysed fish. The highest lead and cadmium concentrations were found in mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) and the lowest in hake. Respective lead and cadmium values in mussel were 0.150 ±0.009 and 0.142 ±0.017, and in hake were 0.007 ±0.004 and 0.002 ±0.001 mg kg -1 fresh weight. The concentrations of analysed elements were below acceptable levels for human consumption set by the Croatian Ministry of Health, except for total arsenic. The estimated intake of those trace elements included in this study through seafood consumption by the general population did not exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.     

全自动固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定饮用水中3种微囊藻毒素

建立全自动固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定饮用水中3种微囊藻毒素的方法。采用全自动固相萃取仪代替传统的前处理方式,对大体积水样进行富集,以KH2PO4（p H=3.0）-甲醇（43∶57,v∶v）为流动相,采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测,结果 3种微囊藻毒素在0.1¹0.0μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r2≥0.999,3种不同微囊藻毒素的检出限均可达到0.05μg/L（S/N=3）,加标回收率在86.3%⁹9.7%范围内,标准偏差为1.70%².72%（n=6）,该方法用于测定饮用水中3种微囊藻毒素具有操作简单、快速,精密度高、准确可靠等特点。