炮射导弹发射药燃烧表象规律

首先对炮射导弹的发射特点进行了分析,认为炮射导弹发射药的特殊性在于燃烧压力介于固体推进剂和常规固体发射药之间;针对炮射导弹发射过程中小于100MPa的压力范围,采用密闭爆发器在相应的压力条件下对其燃烧特性进行测试与评价,并与常规枪炮发射药的测试结果进行比较,认为两者之间具有不同的特征表现,对新型炮射导弹发射药的装药设计具有指导意义。     

数字滤波器在密闭爆发器实验中的应用

为消除密闭爆发器测试压力信号中的杂波,真实地反映发射药的燃烧性能,采用有限冲激响应低通滤波和最小二乘结合的数字滤波器,对密闭爆发器实验结果进行滤波.结果表明,该数字滤波器能有效滤除测试信号中的杂波,处理得到的u-p曲线较好地反映发射药的实际燃烧性能,lnu-lnp曲线光滑,对局部压力段回归得到的燃速压力指数贴近发射药的真实值.     

高能硝胺发射药的膛内基本燃烧特征

针对高能硝胺发射药在静态下燃速压力指数大的特殊燃烧性能，通过３０ｍｍ高压模拟炮试验，采用与制式单基药相对比的研究分析方法，对高能硝胺发射药在火炮膛内条件下的基本燃烧特征进行了研究分析。     

Optimization of combustion chamber geometry for stoichiometric diesel combustion using a micro genetic algorithm

This paper describes the optimization of combustion chamber geometry and engine operating conditions for stoichiometric diesel combustion, targeting lower gross indicated specific fuel consumption. The KIVA code, coupled with a micro genetic algorithm population of nine for each generation was used. The optimization variables were composed of ten variables related to the combustion chamber geometry and engine operating conditions. In addition, an auto mesh generator was developed for generating various kinds of combustion chambers, such as open-crater, re-entrant, deep, and shallow types. In addition, the computational models were validated against the experimental results for a stoichiometric process in terms of the combustion pressure history and emissions.Through the preset optimization, a 35% improvement in the gross indicated that specific fuel consumption was achieved. In addition, the optimization results showed that the optimum engine operating conditions employed a premixed charge compression ignition combustion regime with early injection and a narrow spray included angle. Furthermore, a higher boost pressure was used to prevent fuel film formation.     

Study on Unsteady Combustion Behaviors of AP/HTPB Base‐Bleed Propellants under Transient Depressurization Conditions

As the base‐bleed projectile flies out of the muzzle, the environmental pressure in the base‐bleed combustion chamber suddenly decreases and AP/HTPB base‐bleed propellant suffers intense unsteady combustion. To further study the unsteady combustion characteristics of base‐bleed propellants, a semi‐closed bomb as was designed experimental device and transient depressurization conditions of the muzzle were simulated. Measurements of the transient combustion characteristics of the base‐bleed propellant under high depressurization rate were carried out by using a high speed digital camera system. In the experiments, the combustion chamber pressure of the semi‐closed bomb was controlled from 20 to 90 MPa and the depressurization rate was controlled from 400 to1.12×10⁴ MPa s⁻¹. The experimental results indicate that, the out‐of‐phase blowing effect is intense under rapid depressurization condition, leading to the reaction layer thickened. The thermal feedback to the solid surface decreases and thus the combustion reaction of gas phase is so difficult to maintain that it begins to extinguish. However, the thermal decomposition of the solid phase is still continuing and a yellow fog can be observed above the combustion chamber nozzle. Depending on the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber and depressurization rate, the transient combustion behavior of AP/HTPB base‐bleed propellant displays three patterns, i.e., automatic reignition, oscillating combustion (a critical type) and permanent extinguishment. Three unsteady combustion behaviors are preliminarily analyzed based on the thermal feedback. If the initial pressure in the combustion chamber before depressurization is larger or the depressurization rate is smaller, the base‐bleed propellant tends to automatically reignite earlier and the combustion process is more stable.     

发射装药挤压破碎对燃烧规律的影响

为探索发射装药挤压破碎对燃烧规律的影响,利用发射装药挤压破碎模拟试验装置,对发射药药床进行了系列挤压试验,对不同发射药样品进行了密闭爆发器试验,研究了其挤压破碎发射的密闭爆发器燃烧规律.结果表明,发射药破碎后初始燃烧加强,高压区燃烧减弱.药粒破碎不利于发射装药的发射安全性.     

新型高能高强度JMZ发射药的燃烧特性

为探索混合硝酸酯增塑的聚醚聚氨酯黏合剂体系的新型发射药的燃烧性能,通过密闭爆发器常规实验和高压实验．研究分析了JMZ发射药在不同压力范围的燃烧特性。结果表明,JMZ发射药在低压下的燃速压力指数较大,具有高含量RDX硝胺发射药的共同特征,但在高压下的燃速压力指数逐渐变小,与制式发射药相当,在燃速压力指数的变化过程中不存在明显的转折现象。另外,JMZ发射药在起始阶段表现出了良好的燃烧渐增性,对身管武器的应用是十分有利的。     

LOVA发射药点火燃烧性能

制备了含有两种不同黏结剂的低易损性发射药(即LOVA发射药),并应用点火燃烧模拟装置与密闭爆发器对其点火燃烧性能进行了研究。结果表明,LOVA发射药难点火,但在点火药中添加高氯酸铵后可有效改善LOVA发射药的点火性能。LOVA发射药燃烧具有燃速系数低、燃速压力指数高等特点。     

DAGQ发射药膛内静态和动态燃烧性能

为了研究DAGQ发射药在膛内的燃烧性能,以经典内弹道理论为基础,建立了发射药膛内燃烧测试系统和处理方法,通过密闭爆发器燃烧试验和微波干涉法发射药膛内动态燃烧性能试验,研究了DAGQ发射药的静动态燃烧规律及不同温度下的动态燃烧特性。结果表明,所建立的试验系统和处理方法,能够很好地获得弹丸在膛内的运动过程。DAGQ发射药的静动态燃速都存在转折现象,静态燃速在转折点前压力指数大于1,转折点后压力指数都远小于1,动态燃速压力指数基本都小于1。在膛内燃烧过程中,由于高速气流对发射药的燃面冲刷,使得膛内的动态燃速要大于密闭爆发器内的静态燃速,并且随着膛内压力的增大,燃速相差越来越大。     

Effectiveness of combustion of shock-dispersed fuels in calorimeters of various volumes

The combustion of a shock-dispersed-fuel charge consisting of 1-g flake Al in 6.6-, 21.5-, and 40.5-liter bomb calorimeters were investigated. Wall pressure histories were used to diagnose the effect of energy release due to turbulent mixing and combustion of the explosion cloud with air. These effects lead to a factor of four increase in the peak quasistatic pressure for the 6.6-liter chamber. Pressure decay was observed at late times and was ascribed to energy losses to the walls due to radiation heat transfer. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 121–125, November–December, 2006.     

无水对甲基苯磺酸的固态生成焓

用精密转动氧弹燃烧热量计和衬铂氧弹测量了含一定结晶水的对甲基苯磺酸样品的固态燃烧焓值，用两种方法估算了无水对甲基苯磺酸（ＴＳＡ）的固态生成焓值。其平均值和总误差为５００±２４ｋＪ／ｍｏ     

Study on catalytically ignited premixed combustion

This paper describes some of the major issues related to catalytically ignited premixed combustion and the effect of pressure and velocity on the mass transfer of the catalytic reaction. The first issue is concerned with partial burning of the fuel air mixture on the catalyst surface prompting gas phase combustion to take place downstream of the catalyst layer. The latter part of this paper deals with the potential for reduced combustion efficiency from a mass transfer perspective, when going from atmospheric testing conditions to actual high pressure gas turbine operating conditions.     

叠氮硝胺发射药燃烧性能调控技术

通过对发射药燃烧性能调节与控制技术途径的对比分析,提出了适用于高增塑剂含量的叠氮硝胺(DIANP)发射药燃烧性能调节与控制技术方案,确定了适合DIANP发射药的钝感包覆剂配方。利用密闭爆发器研究了钝感包覆DIANP发射药的燃烧性能及其影响因素,试验结果表明：采用钝感包覆处理技术可以降低DIANP发射药的初始燃气生成猛度,获得了渐增性燃烧的效果。钝感包覆剂的用量是影响钝感包覆DIANP发射药燃烧性能的主要因素。     

含黑索今酮的火药热分解及燃烧性能研究

用ＤＳＣ技术考察了７种含黑索今酮（Ｋｅｔｏ－ＲＤＸ）火药的热分解特性,并对其中３种进行了密闭爆发器测试。将ＤＳＣ数据对动力学方程进行拟合以求得动力学参数。从密闭爆发器测试结果转换得到了该３种火药的燃速－压力曲线,并对其进行了转折性分析。结果表明,向火药中加入Ｋｅｔｏ－ＲＤＸ可提高火药燃速并降低其热分解表观活化能。含Ｋｅｔｏ－ＲＤＸ的火药其燃速压力指数在低压区较在高压区为高。在火药中同时存在有Ｋｅｔｏ－ＲＤＸ和ＲＤＸ对火药热分解和燃烧的稳定性是不利的。仅由Ｋｅｔｏ－ＲＤＸ与双基粘结剂组成的火药,其燃速压力指数较由ＲＤＸ与双基粘结剂组成的火药为低。     

多层发射药的燃烧特性

利用已建立的圆环状多层发射药燃烧模型得到多层发射药的理论燃烧猛度Γ-Ψ曲线,并通过密闭爆发器实验测试了不同结构的多层发射药的静态燃烧性能,讨论了结构对多层发射药燃烧渐增性的影响。结果表明,火药燃去量处于0.2~0.8时,实验L-B曲线与理论Γ-Ψ曲线之间有着相同的变化趋势;过大(或过小)的内外层燃速比K和缓燃层厚度比X均对多层发射药的燃烧渐增性不利,只有在合理的范围里选择,多层发射药的燃烧渐增性才会呈现增强的趋势;随着药片宽厚比W的增大,多层发射药表现出恒面燃烧的特征,燃烧渐增性变佳。     

一种简易测定固态燃料中氯的方法

介绍了一种简易测定固态燃料中氯的方法,采用氧弹燃烧处理样品,结合硫氰酸钾滴定法测定了固态燃料中氯的含量,与艾氏卡法熔解样品的试验结果接近,但操作简便、快捷。     

燃烧催化剂对太根发射药燃烧性能的影响

将燃烧催化剂引入太根发射药中,利用密闭爆发器静态燃烧实验研究了这些燃烧催化剂对太根发射药燃烧性能的作用效果.结果表明,某些特殊的燃烧催化剂,可较好地降低该类发射药局部燃烧压强范围内的燃速压强指数,降低压强指数的压力范围与所用催化剂的种类有关.研究还发现,邻苯二甲酸铅有缩短太根发射药燃烧时间、提高燃烧速度、增加气体生成猛度的作用;含铜金属盐有抑制太根发射药燃气生成猛度的作用.     

ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE COMBUSTION OF SINGLE CHAR PARTICLES

Diffusion and reaction models of varying complexity are used to study the stability of the combustion of single char particles. In contrast to past studies which have considered only the reaction of carbon with oxygen, both the heterogeneous reactions of carbon with oxygen and carbon dioxide and the homogeneous oxidation of carbon monoxide are taken into account in the formulation of the mathematical models. Emphasis is placed on the investigation of the feasibility of occurrence of oscillatory combustion. Our results show that high rates of the C-O₂ reaction and high concentration of O₂ in the ambient favor the occurrence of multiple steady states and oscillatory solutions, but the appearance of oscillatory instability is suppressed by the homogeneous reaction in the gas phase and the presence of CO and CO₂ in the ambient. The parametric investigation of the problem reveals, in agreement with the results of past studies, that the heat capacity of the porous solid, the Lewis number, and the thickness of the stagnant film are three key parameters for the occurrence of the oscillatory response of the system. Reasonably large values of solid heat capacity practically eliminate the possibility of oscillatory combustion, but an appropriate combination of large values of stagnant film thickness and small Lewis numbers may offset the effect of solid heat capacity     

STUDIES OF IRANIAN HEAVY OILS PERTINENT TO RESERVOIR CONDITIONS FOR THEIR AUTO-IGNITION TO INITIATE FIRE FLOODING

In this work, the potential for the auto-ignition of Iranian heavy oil during in situ combustion (ISC) process conditions was studied. Kinetic studies were carried out using thermal analysis techniques. Effects of oxygen partial pressure, reservoir pressure, and clay on the auto-ignition condition were investigated. Based on the experimental results obtained, a kinetic equation was derived for each of the different oil samples in the presence of different sands. The effect of partial pressure of oxygen in the injected air showed that at atmospheric pressure, low temperature combustion (LTC) was initiated at 275°C. Also, enriching the injected air by oxygen lowers the initial LTC temperature by up to 50°C. ARC experiments were undertaken to extend the studies to reservoir pressure conditions (1300 psi). It was found that activation energy in the LTC region was lowered as a consequence. As a result, initiation of LTC commenced at 115°C when air was injected. The effect of clay as a catalyst was also studied, and it was found that the activation energy decreases considerably when clay is present in the system. Experiments in a high-pressure combustion tube showed that LTC was initiated in the temperature range 120°–150°C, which is in line with the results obtained in the ARC. Fire flooding was sustained during the combustion tube test.     

程序控制开裂棒状发射药的燃烧性能

应用密闭爆发器试验，对程序控制开裂棒状（ＰＳＳ）发射药的燃烧性能进行了研究。发现采用不同端封剂的ＰＳＳ发射药的燃烧性能有着明显的差异。研究结果表明，提高端封层的抗燃气冲击性能是研制ＰＳＳ发射药成功的关键之一。