石墨烯改性熔喷聚丙烯非织造材料制备及其吸附性能

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为单体,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,对GO进行功能化,将功能化氧化石墨烯(GO)接枝到熔喷聚丙烯非织造材料(MBPP)表面,然后将氧化石墨烯还原,制得石墨烯改性熔喷聚丙烯非织造材料(RGO-MBPP)。通过FTIR、Raman和SEM表征了RGO-MBPP的结构,并考察了RGO-MBPP的饱和吸油率、保油率和重复使用率。结果表明:石墨烯附着在MBPP纤维表面;MBPP的饱和吸油率为29.65g/g,当氧化石墨烯的质量浓度为1.0 g/L、BMA用量为3 m L时,得到RGO-MBPP饱和吸油率可达34.66 g/g。RGO-MBPP使用5次的饱和吸油率分别为34.39、34.10、34.73、35.29、31.72 g/g,表明RGO-MBPP重复使用4次后仍具有良好的吸附性能。     

基于透明质酸的PP熔喷非织造材料的表面双亲功能设计及性能

以聚丙烯熔喷非织造布（MBPP）为基体，多巴胺为黏结剂，通过表面改性法将透明质酸接枝于纤维表面，制得既亲油又亲水的两亲性无纺布薄膜用于油水分离。研究透明质酸的分子量、浓度、改性时间对MBPP表面形貌、组成、亲水性、渗透性能及吸附性能的影响。结果表明：MBPP经超声清洗置于多巴胺溶液30 min形成稳定光滑的功能层。相同质量分数和浸泡时间下，高分子量透明质酸钠溶液改性的MBPP的表面水接触角更低，由120.6°降至0，展现优异的亲水性和水滴渗透速率。透明质酸钠溶液改性的MBPP均由只吸油不吸水转变为同时吸水吸油。试样经质量分数为0.05%的高分子量透明质酸钠溶液（HA-200万）浸泡处理20 s，对蒸馏水和大豆油的饱和吸附量分别达到8.6 g/g和9.8 g/g，试样重复吸附-清洗10个循环展现优异油水分离性能，提高MBPP材料的重复利用率。     

聚丙烯熔喷非织造布基导电复合柔性薄膜制备与性能

以聚丙烯(PP)熔喷非织造布和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为原料，采用氧化石墨烯(GO)和AgNO₃对PP熔喷非织造布进行导电改性，在其表面浇铸PVDF溶液制得具有三明治结构的PVDF/PP熔喷非织造布复合柔性薄膜。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、数字万能表、万能试验机对熔喷非织造布及改性试样的形貌结构、表面组成、电阻率及力学性能进行分析。结果表明：PP熔喷非织造布经GO和AgNO₃改性后导电效果显著，电阻率最低可达46.5Ω·m。对复合柔性薄膜的力传感性能进行测试，发现结合S型电极片时其压力传感灵敏度最好，在传感器检测显示模组100 g量程内数值稳定仅需5 s，有望在压力检测和人体运动监测领域发挥重要作用。     

氧化石墨烯的功能化改性及其对聚丙烯非等温结晶行为的影响

通过十八烷基异氰酸酯对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行功能化改性,成功制备了烷基化改性石墨烯(iGO)。通过溶液共混的方式制备了氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯(GO/PP)复合材料和功能化氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯(iGO/PP)复合材料,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析了iGO/PP和GO/PP复合材料的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明,与GO相比,iGO和PP基体有更好的相容性。采用Ozawa模型和Mo模型均可以很好地描述GO/PP及iGO/PP复合材料的非等温结晶过程。     

熔喷非织造布材料吸油性能的研究及分析

测试了熔喷非织造布吸油材料和普通非织造布等的性能,通过对比3种非织造布的测试结果,分析比较了不同试样的纤网结构、厚度、面密度、透气率、孔隙率、孔径、断裂强力、断裂伸长率、尺寸稳定性、油品密度、油品黏度、吸油率、吸水率、保油率等。实验发现熔喷非织造布吸油材料的断裂强力、断裂伸长率,透气率、尺寸稳定性、油品密度、油品黏度、吸油率、吸水率、保油率等均与面密度和厚度有一定关系,得出熔喷非织造布吸油材料具有独特的性能,适合开发各类功能性产品,在油污染控制等方面有着广泛的应用前景。     

氧化石墨烯固载硅钨酸催化氧化脱硫性能的研究

以市售氧化石墨烯固载硅钨酸制备硅钨酸/氧化石墨烯(Si W/GO)复合材料,利用X-射线衍射光谱(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)对Si W/GO材料进行表征。以H2O2为氧化剂,考察该复合材料对模拟油中二苯并噻吩(DBT)的氧化性能。结果表明,硅钨酸与氧化石墨烯结合紧密,复合后仍保持了硅钨酸的Keggin结构。在H2O2加入量为1.5 m L、催化剂用量为12 mg/m L、反应温度为70℃、反应时间为80 min条件下,DBT的脱除率达96.4%。催化剂经过滤、洗涤和干燥后,循环使用5次,依然保持良好的脱硫性能。     

新型磁性氧化石墨烯的制备及其对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能

通过对改良Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯(GO)进行磁性负载得到一种磁性氧化石墨烯(MGO),并通过β-环糊精改性制备了一种功能化磁性氧化石墨烯(MGO/CD),研究了MGO/CD对水体中Cd~(2+)的吸附性能。通过形貌表征可以看出,GO被成功磁性负载,并接枝上了β-环糊精;磁强振动仪测试表明,MGO/CD的饱和磁化强度达到67. 55 emu/g,吸附材料的磁性能良好。吸附实验表明,在温度为303 K,吸附量随着pH的升高而增大,最高可达到193. 8 mg/g,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型与准二级动力学模型。外加磁场分离并重复利用5次,MGO/CD的吸附率依然稳定在93%以上,是一种对Cd~(2+)吸附性能优良的吸附剂。     

氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钠复合材料的制备及其对Ni2+吸附工艺研究

采用改进Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)。以海藻酸钠(SA)为载体,采用溶液共混法制备氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钠(GO/SA)凝胶球。以GO/SA凝胶球作为吸附材料,对含镍废水进行吸附性能研究。实验结果表明:以质量浓度为7%Ca Cl2为交联剂,m(GO)∶m(SA)为1∶9,Ni~(2+)质量浓度为80g/L,GO/SA凝胶球投加量为40g/L,吸附温度为30℃,Ni~(2+)吸附率为17.15%。含镍废水p H值大于6时,出现大量白色沉淀,pH值对含镍废水中Ni~(2+)吸附率有显著影响。     

多孔胺基化氧化石墨烯基材料对CO_2的吸附性能研究

以乙二胺(EDA)、二乙烯三胺(DETA)、四乙烯五胺(TEPA)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)等多胺基化合物为表面改性剂,氧化石墨烯(GO)材料为载体,采用嫁接法辅以超声处理制备了表面胺基功能化多孔吸附材料,用于CO_2气体的吸附捕集。所制备的多孔吸附材料孔径约为1.35～4.34 nm,比表面积约为98.032～210.465 m~2/g。制备的四种吸附材料中,以PEI功能化吸附材料对CO_2的吸附容量最大,70℃下达到了1.5 mmol/g,且经过20次循环吸附/脱附实验后,其CO_2吸附量基本不变。吸附过程的吸附等温线线型为Ⅰ型优惠型,另外吸附实验数据与Avrami模型模拟结果符合性较好。     

纤维素接枝甲基丙烯酸丁酯制备吸油材料的探讨

为开发纤维素基吸油材料,以毛竹浆料、豆秆浆料、甘蔗渣作为基材,甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为接枝单体,在引发剂过硫酸钾和交联剂二甲基丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯的作用下,采用悬浮接枝聚合法制备BMA接枝纤维素的聚合物,主要探究了毛竹浆料、豆秆浆料和甘蔗渣这三种不同基材的纤维素对合成吸油材料的接枝性能和吸油性能的影响,并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热重分析(TG)对接枝前后产物的结构进行了表征。结果表明,豆秆浆料接枝产物的吸油性能最大,吸甲苯率为11.18 g/g,吸甲基硅油率为13.38 g/g,接枝率也最高,达76.31%。将甘蔗渣和毛竹按质量比为0.4∶0.6的比例混合作为基材制备的吸油材料接枝效率高达88.32%,均聚物含量为2.3%,吸油性能比纯豆秆接枝产物的吸油性能强,吸甲苯率达10.68 g/g,吸甲基硅油率达15.32 g/g。     

生物质石墨烯纺黏非织造布的制备及其过滤性能

为了提高复合非织造布的过滤效率,采用水热合成法制备生物质石墨烯炭分子筛,将其加入纺黏非织造布里,对非织造布的过滤效果进行了研究。结果显示:添加了生物质石墨烯炭分子筛的纺黏非织造布的过滤效率比普通纺黏非织造布的过滤效率提高了31%。再将其与普通熔喷非织造布复合,制成的复合熔喷非织造布的过滤效果均高于普通熔喷非织造布,最大过滤效率达到了96.6%。     

染料共价改性石墨烯及其水分散性研究

本文以石墨粉为原料，以直接灰D为改性剂，将其重氮化后共价接枝到自制的还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）上，制备改性石墨烯（MG），以提高石墨烯在水中的分散性，使其更适用于纺织品整理。采用拉曼光谱（Raman）、傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）、高分辨X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、热重分析（TGA）等表征手段对得到的改性石墨烯进行表征。结果表明，染料分子成功接枝到石墨烯上，接枝率达到21%左右。采用紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-vis）考察了改性石墨烯在水中的分散性。结果发现，相对rGO，MG在水中的分散性和稳定性都大大提高，其水溶液的最大饱和度达到0.185 mg/mL，静置7天后，仍可达到0.092 mg/mL。改性后的石墨烯同时具备了染料和石墨烯的性能。     

Modification of polypropylene filter with metal oxide and reduced graphene oxide for water treatment

A hydrothermal method for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide filter (RGO/TiO₂) and reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide filter (RGO/ZnO) by using polypropylene (PP) porous filter is reported. Field emission scanning electron microscopy illustrated that the nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. Flexural tests showed that the physical properties of the modified filters have greater strength than the original filter. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal property of the modified filters is the same as that of the original filter. Under a halogen lamp, the modified filter exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. The RGO/TiO₂ filter maintained its ability to degrade MB efficiently, even after five cycles of photocatalysis.     

Multiscale patterning of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide for flexible supercapacitors

A simple and facile method for multiscale, in-plane patterning of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide (GO–rGO) was developed by region-specific reduction of graphene oxide (GO) under a mild irradiation. The UV-induced reduction of graphene oxide was monitored by various spectroscopic techniques, including optical absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the resultant GO–rGO patterned film morphology was studied on optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Flexible symmetric and in-plane supercapacitors were fabricated from the GO–rGO patterned polyethylene terephthalate (PET) electrodes to show capacitances up to 141.2 F/g.     

Morphology,Ionic Conductivity,and Impedance Spectroscopy Studies of Graphene Oxide-Filled Polyvinylchloride Nanocomposites

Graphene oxide was synthesized using modified Hummers method. The preparation of polyvinylchloride/graphene oxide nanocomposites was carried out using colloidal processing. The morphology of polyvinylchloride/graphene oxide nanocomposite confirms that graphene oxide was uniformly distributed within the polyvinylchloride matrix indicating complete exfoliation of graphene oxide. Significant improvement in the microhardness of the nanocomposite was observed as compared to neat polyvinylchloride. The impedance spectroscopy of nanocomposites was carried out in the frequency range (50 Hz to 35 MHz) and temperature range (80–150°C). Thus, based on the results obtained, we found that polyvinylchloride/graphene oxide nanocomposites hold great promise in many potential applications such as an electrode material for supercapacitors.     

纳米电气石/聚丙烯驻极熔喷非织造布的研制

研制了一种纳米电气石改性驻极体熔喷聚丙烯非织造布母粒,并采用电晕放电法制备出纳米电气石/聚丙烯驻极熔喷非织造布。探讨了纳米电气石在聚丙烯树脂中的分散状况及改性母粒的流变性能,同时对非织造布力学性能、表面电荷密度和过滤性能进行了测试。结果表明:电气石能较好地分散在聚丙烯树脂中;加入特种电气石之后,纤网的机械性能有所下降;驻极体熔喷非织造布的驻极效果大大改善,其表面电荷密度、过滤性能均有明显提高。     

Preparation and Characterization of Novel Poly(Urethane-Imide) Nanocomposite Based on Graphene,Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide

In this work in-situ preparation of novel poly(urethane-imide)/graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite is reported by the reaction of 4,4´-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polypropylene glycol, 3,3’,4,4′-benzophenone tetra carboxylic dianhydride and nanomaterials in the loadings levels of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 pbw in propylene carbonate as an alternative green solvent. The synthesized poly(urethane-imide) nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹HNMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), attenuated total reflection (ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The resulting nanocomposite showed enhanced thermal stability when compared with pristine and unfilled poly(urethane-imide) sample.     

A general strategy for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-based composites

Well-exfoliated graphene oxide sheets were initially fabricated through a modified pressurized oxidation method with powdered flake graphite as raw material. A variety of inorganic-reduced graphene oxide composites have been then successfully synthesized through a general solvothermal strategy with the graphene oxide sheets as supports, ethanol as solvent, and metal salts as precursors. After the solvothermal reactions, Ni(OH)₂ nanoparticles, Fe₂O₃ nanorods, W₁₈O₄₉ nanowires, ZnO nanoparticles, and Ag nanoparticles were in situ grown on the surfaces of the graphene oxide sheets, accompanied by effective reduction of graphene oxide to reduced graphene oxide. The as-prepared products have been systematically characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy. The present work opens up a versatile route for preparing the reduced graphene oxide-based composites.     

Preparation and tribological properties of novel boehmite/graphene oxide nano-hybrid

Novel boehmite/graphene oxide nano-hybrid (GO–GPTS–AlOOH) was prepared through a simple covalent bond method, which was subsequently explored as lubricant additive. For this purpose, the 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTS) was first chemically grafted on nano-boehmite (AlOOH) to fabricate the modified boehmite (GPTS–AlOOH). Then the GPTS–AlOOH was anchored on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to prepare GO–GPTS–AlOOH nano-hybrid through a coupled reaction. The structure, composition and morphology of GO–GPTS–AlOOH was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TG/DTG, SEM and TEM, revealing that nano-boehmite was uniformly coated on GO surface. More importantly, tribological properties of GO–GPTS–AlOOH as lubricating oil additive were investigated using a ball-on-disc testing machine and a four-ball machine. It was found that the friction reduction and anti-wear ability of lubricant oil containing GO–GPTS–AlOOH hybrid was highly improved compared to bare base oil (VHVI8). Specifically, friction coefficient (COF), wear scar diameter (WSD) and wear rate were reduced by 14%, 28% and 73%, respectively. The enhancement can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the nanobearing mechanism and ultimate strengthen of graphene sheets between the frictional interfaces.     

Impedimetric immunoglobulin G immunosensor based on chemically modified graphenes

Immunosensors which display high sensitivity and selectivity are of utmost importance to the biomedical field. Graphene is a material which has immense potential for the fabrication of immunosensors. For the first time, we evaluate the immunosensing capabilities of various graphene surfaces in this work. We propose a simple and label-free electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor for immunoglobulin G (IgG) based on chemically modified graphene (CMG) surfaces such as graphite oxide, graphene oxide, thermally reduced graphene oxide and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. Disposable electrochemical printed electrodes were first modified with CMG materials before anti-immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG), which is specific to IgG, was immobilized. The principle of detection lies in the changes in impedance spectra of the redox probe after the attachment of IgG to the immobilized anti-IgG. It was found that thermally reduced graphene oxide has the best performance when compared to the other CMG materials. In addition, the optimal concentration of anti-IgG to be deposited onto the modified electrode surface is 10 μg ml(-1) and the linear range of detection of the immunosensor is from 0.3 μg ml(-1) to 7 μg ml(-1). Finally, the fabricated immunosensor also displays selectivity for IgG.