组装法制备巯基改性磁性SBA-15

采用热分解法制备了单分散、平均粒径约15nm的锰铁氧体磁性纳米粒子。通过正硅酸乙酯与磁性纳米粒子表面油酸盐的配体交换将磁性纳米粒子锚定在SBA-15表面。并且将负载过程与巯基改性过程耦合制备了巯基改性的磁性SBA-15。考察了合成SBA-15过程中干燥方式对其结构和性质的影响,研究了负载磁性纳米粒子和巯基改性顺序对巯基改性磁性SBA-15的结构和性能的影响。结果表明,喷雾干燥法合成的SBA-15介孔孔壁较薄,但具有更大的比表面积、孔体积和平均孔径。以其为载体时磁性纳米粒子负载量更大,所得磁性SBA-15的饱和磁强度更高。当将巯基改性和负载磁性纳米粒子分为前后两步时,巯基改性SBA-15的表面疏水环境有利于吸附疏水磁性纳米粒子,所得磁性SBA-15负载磁性纳米粒子量更大,饱和磁强度更高。磁性纳米粒子粒径大于SBA-15孔径,其主要负载于SBA-15外表面,有利于得到介孔孔道通畅的磁性SBA-15。巯基改性的磁性SBA-15的孔体积介于0.56~0.6cm³/g,比表面积介于353~432m²/g,饱和磁强度最高达到0.91emu/g,可作为一种大容量的吸附材料用于吸附分离、药物缓释等领域。     

新型磁性纳米级油酸改性铁氧磁流体磁性粒子的制备及表征

用油酸钠作为表面活性剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米级油酸改性铁氧体磁性粒子,从温度T、碱的过量比y、表面活性剂的用量比n、反应时间t4个方面进行研究。确定高纯度、小粒径、强磁性、均匀分散的Fe3O4磁性粒子的合理工艺条件:t=180 min,T=80℃,y=0.25,n=0.6。红外光谱测试,证明产品为表面活性剂油酸包裹的纳米级磁性粒子,粒径<10 nm,XRD分析证实了产品为铁氧体磁性粒子,古埃磁天平对产品进行了性能测试。     

油相稳定分散Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备研究

分别采用热分解法及共沉淀油酸同步修饰法制备了2种可以在油相稳定分散的Fe3O4纳米粒子,并对热分解法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子的反应条件进行了优化,考察了热分解温度、熟化时间对颗粒粒径、形貌及磁性能的影响。通过TEM、VSM和FTIR等表征手段对2种方法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子的油相分散稳定性、颗粒形貌及粒径、比饱和磁化强度及表面性质进行了比较。结果表明:热分解法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子表现出更好的油相分散稳定性,共沉淀油酸同步修饰法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子则表现出更好的磁响应性。     

ZnFe_2O_4、MnFe_2O_4铁氧体纳米粒子的制备、表征及磁性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以硝酸盐为原料,制备出系列铁酸锌、铁酸锰纳米粒子,并通过TG-DSC、XRD、FTIR、SEM、VSM等手段分别对干凝胶的热分解过程、样品的物相结构、微观形貌和磁性能进行表征。结果表明,采用此方法得到的纳米铁酸锌、铁酸锰粒子结晶良好,大小均匀,分散性好,近似为球形,粒径为30～100 nm。对比两种铁氧体的磁滞回线,铁酸锌磁性较弱具有顺磁性,而铁酸锰的饱和磁化强度较高具有超顺磁性,更适合应用在纳米磁性药物载体上。     

共沉淀法磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子的制备及性能研究

采用共沉淀法,用Na OH沉淀Fe3+/和Fe2+混合溶液合成磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子,考察了n(Fe2+)/n(Fe3+)的比例、反应温度对Fe3O4纳米粒子磁性能的影响。采用红外光谱分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及振动磁强计对样品进行表征。研究结果表明,n(Fe2+)/n(Fe3+)为1:2,反应温度为60℃条件下得到磁性能最佳的Fe3O4纳米粒子。所制得的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子纯度较高,形貌为规则球形,平均粒径为57 nm,其饱和磁强度为65.86emu/g。     

铁氧磁流体磁性粒子形成的影响因素及其作用机理

采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米级铁氧体磁性粒子,探讨温度、碱的过量比(y)、表面活性剂的用量比(n)、反应时间对磁流体基本性质的影响。着重讨论了磁性粒子形成的影响因素及其作用机理。并用古埃磁天平对产品进行了性能测试。通过实验确定了制备高纯度、小粒径、强磁性、均匀分散的Fe3O4磁性粒子的合理工艺条件:反应时间180min,温度80℃,y=0.25,n=0.6。     

柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子的快速制备

以FeSO_4·7H_2O为单一铁源,浓氨水为沉淀剂,柠檬酸钠为表面改性剂利用简单回流法快速合成Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子。考察反应时间,反应温度及浓氨水加入方式对合成Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的影响,并利用动态光散射仪、傅立叶红外射线光谱仪及透射扫描电镜等对合成的Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子进行表征。结果表明,以柠檬酸钠为表面改性剂,逐滴加入浓氨水,反应温度为(70～80)℃和反应时间为6 min时,获得的Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子在水中具有良好的分散性及磁响应性。Zeta电位和红外光谱同时表明,柠檬酸钠成功地吸附于Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的表面(Fe_3O_4@SC),且Zeta电位值为-31.3 mV;透射扫描电镜显示获得的Fe_3O_4@SC磁性纳米粒子呈球状结构,粒径约为10 nm。     

化学共沉淀法制备锰锌铁氧体微粉

用化学共沉淀法制备锰锌铁氧体微粉,详细研究了加料方式和反应时间对粒度和磁性能的影响。通过分析可以发现,并加的加料方式可以有效地控制成分偏析,结合设备的耐蚀性,采用并加的加料方式的到得锰锌铁氧体微粉粒度较小,磁性能优良。此时,锰锌铁氧体微粉的D50为1.51μm,σs为55.01 A·m2·Kg-1。在控制结晶反应釜内,锰锌铁氧体微粉的粒度达到饱和的时间比磁性能达到饱和的时间短。     

锰离子掺杂纳米镍锌铁氧体的制备及其吸波性能研究

采用水热法制备锰离子掺杂纳米镍锌铁氧体(即镍锰锌铁氧体),采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、综合物性测量系统(PPMS)分析表征铁氧体的结构和磁性,研究镍锌铁氧体和镍锰锌铁氧体的元素配比对吸波性能的影响。结果表明,4种铁氧体均呈类球状,粒径较均匀。其中镍锰锌铁氧体的磁饱和强度与矫顽力最大,分别为84.97A·m²·kg^-1和7.44×10^-3 T。镍锰锌铁氧体具有最佳的吸波性能,当镍锰锌铁氧体/石蜡复合物的厚度为8.62 mm,且频率为3.87 GHz时,最小反射损耗R_L,min为-41.77 dB。当样品厚度为8.09 mm时,最大吸收带宽E_AB,max为3.1 GHz。镍锌锰铁氧体的吸波机制主要归因于极化引起的传导损耗以及自然共振与涡流共振产生的磁损耗。     

油酸低温水洗改性磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子

通过对油酸改性四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)磁性纳米粒子的制备工艺的改进研究，成功制备了分散性好、磁响应性强的平均粒径在18 am的改性Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子，并通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜等对制备的磁性纳米粒子进行了表征。结果表明：当采用60℃的反应温度进行改性处理，以蒸馏水进行洗涤时，得到的油酸改性Fe3O4磁性纳...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。