姿态敏感器地面标定精密调整机构设计

为了满足光学姿态敏感器地面标定更高精度的应用需求,针对当前敏感器地面测试设备的标定精度与设计值不一致的实际问题,提出了一种分辨率高、稳定性好的五自由度精密调整机构设计方案。分析了光轴一致性误差对星点位置误差的影响,结合姿态敏感器技术指标,采用搭积的调整层结构形式及合理的消隙方法,设计符合敏感器标定要求的调整架机械结构并进行力学分析。仿真结果与测试数据表明:调整机构的实测位移分辨率优于0.1μm,角分辨达到0.1″,在对星图的反复测试中,降低了光轴一致性误差对测试结果的影响,星点位置误差比使用常规调整机构时提高了5″以上,达到了敏感器地面标定的精度要求。     

基于运动学参数标定方法的机械臂 误差分析与仿真研究

针对工作任务复杂或环境多变,且对机械臂精度要求较高的工业生产需求等问题,基于运动学参数标定方法进行了机械臂的误差分析与Matlab仿真。介绍了定位精度以及定位误差的来源,针对机械臂运动学标定的方法步骤,采用矩阵法对运动学参数标定误差模型进行了建模分析,推导出了运动学参数误差模型的通用形式,并添加一个微小的增量进行了误差补偿;采用Matlab对机械臂运动学参数误差模型进行了仿真分析,验证了所建立的误差模型的正确性。研究结果表明:基于运动学参数标定方法的机械臂误差分析能很好地提高机械臂的精度,使机械臂能够准确完成预期的位姿要求,对于进一步提高机械臂的精度有较好的指导作用。     

基于重定位的叶片机器人磨抛系统手眼标定算法

针对叶片机器人磨抛系统中手眼标定存在人工误差、二次误差等因素导致标定精度差等问题,提出了一种基于"重定位"的手眼标定算法.以拍照式三维扫描仪为标定对象,分析机器人手眼标定数学模型,提出利用标准球在机器人末端坐标系中绕工具中心点做定点变位姿运动的标定方案.通过最小二乘法计算扫描仪坐标系下的"重定位"中心坐标,并根据多空间...     

一个特殊3自由度并联机构的精度分析及标定

运动学标定是一种提高机器精度的有效方法。一个改进的误差分析和标定方法得到仿真验证,解决一个用做锻压操作机台虎钳的特殊3自由度并联机器的标定问题。通过建立运动学正解和逆解模型,得到机构的运动空间并对机构进行运动学精度分析,得到机构所有误差源对终端位姿误差的影响因子。结合零部件加工工艺性及精度分析的结果,确定需要标定的误差源,并利用直接微分法得到机构的雅可比矩阵。随机选点建立误差辨识矩阵对机构运动学参数进行标定辨识,Matlab仿真结果显示,经过1次运算得到的运动学参数误差的辨识值与真值之间的偏差小于5%,验证了针对这一特殊3自由度并联机器的精度分析和标定方法的有效性。     

基于结构光测量系统的误差传递分析

结构光系统作为视觉测量中常见的技术之一,其测量精度直接影响了该系统的应用范围。针对交比不变原理的结构光光平面标定方法,利用误差分析理论和矩阵扰动原理分别从系统的测量误差和光平面标定误差进行分析,提出了结构光测量系统的误差传递模型。并给出了一个特例情况下的精度要求,即满足在1000mm的测量距离上获得±0.5mm的测量精度情况下,各标定参数所需要满足的精度要求,以及标定样本提取的精度要求。通过实测实验结果验证了误差分析的有效性。该误差分析为提高结构光系统的测量精度提供了理论依据。     

6-PSS并联机构误差分析及标定

为提高6-PSS并联机构的运动精度,需对其进行误差分析和标定研究。利用矢量法构建并联6自由度机构的误差模型,根据MATLAB计算得到机构的误差源对动平台末端位姿影响的灵敏度。对机构进行误差综合分析,结合运动学正解和逆解,提出一种新的基于机构坐标轴姿态约束的运动学标定方法。根据测量初始值,利用标定算法解算得到机构的标定值。借助外部检测设备测量得机构标定前和标定后的位移和角度误差,标定后位移误差由10mm减小到1mm,角度误差由0．3°减小到0．1°。以实际测量数据验证了该标定方法的有效性和正确性,并最终提高了并联机构的运动精度。     

飞机自动钻铆并联调姿托架标定方法

为提高飞机自动钻铆并联调姿托架的运动精度,提出了一种改进的外部标定方法。利用空间矢量链建立机构的运动学方程并微分,将微分后的所有约束方程纳入误差模型,建立有关机构位姿误差与结构误差的关系表达式并提高建模精度;采用矩阵降维的方式处理结构误差项系数矩阵,提高误差辨识精度。经仿真验证,该标定方法的误差辨识与补偿精度较高,并且能够利用误差模型辨识单个主驱动的定位器主动移动副角度误差,满足了飞机装配对托架调姿精度的要求。     

可变胞并联机械臂样机的研制与误差分析

提出了一种通过驱动副锁定组合实现变胞的超冗余并联机械臂,其基础构型是3-PUPS并联机构,对机械臂进行了误差建模与分析,并通过标定系统测量了机械臂实验样机的定位误差。首先,提出了通过对3-PUPS机构各驱动副的组合锁定实现机械臂变胞的设计思路,从而使机械臂可以根据任务需求改变自身构型和性能;然后,采用含误差源的闭环矢量回路法,建立了机械臂3-PUPS机构的误差传递模型,并以此为基础,分析了机械臂的各误差源对其运动平台输出误差的影响规律;接着,根据各误差源对机械臂的输出误差影响程度,确定了各主要运动副配合零件的加工精度等级及公差,在此基础上研制出机械臂的实验样机;最后,采用一套高精度的工业机器人标定系统对机械臂的实验样机进行了定位误差测量,实验表明:机械臂的运动平台的位置误差均在0.005~0.038mm之间,姿态误差均在0.010~0.044°之间,位置误差比通用式工业机器人的位置重复定位精度0.05mm略有提高,姿态误差与通用式工业机器人的姿态重复定位精度0.045°相当。     

3-RPS并联机构运动学标定方法的研究

针对六轴混联机床中因3-RPS并联机构结构参数误差引起的精度问题,分析了影响3-RPS并联机构几何精度的误差因素,给出了并联机构的误差模型;基于影响并联机构定平台运动精度较大的几何误差参数;建立了运动学标定模型.采用阻尼最小二乘法,经多次优化迭代实现了利用一组测量数据完成非线性超越矛盾标定方程组的求解.利用激光干涉仪完成了标定用数据的测量,通过3-RPS并联机构运动学逆解和各铰链的几何标定参数,得到动平台的实际位姿.通过对标定前后的Z轴定位精度的检测及实际零件加工试验,验证了3-RPS并联机构运动学标定模型和方法的正确性和有效性.     

基于单目视觉的移动机械臂抓取作业方法研究

针对移动机械臂自主抓取作业过程中目标识别慢、作业精度低的问题,对基于单目视觉的目标识别与定位算法以及机器人作业精度提高方法展开了研究。以全向移动平台、工业机器人和单目相机等硬件为基础构建了一套移动机械臂抓取作业系统;对单目视觉模板匹配法进行了归纳,采用基于随机树分类的特征点匹配算法对目标进行快速准确地识别与定位;完成了相机内参数标定和机器人手眼位姿标定,分析了手眼位姿与抓取位姿的关系,提出了一种修正手眼位姿的抓取误差补偿方法,减小手眼标定误差对抓取误差的影响,最后进行了移动机械臂的抓取/放置实验。研究结果表明:采用上述方法能够快速准确识别目标,有效减小作业误差,并达到较高的作业精度。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.