超临界二氧化碳染色工艺技术研究进展

超临界二氧化碳染色流体技术作为一种新型清洁化染色方法,具有上染率高、染色流程短、无污染等优点,受到了世界各国的广泛关注。本文详细论述了超临界二氧化碳流体染色工艺;总结了近年来世界范围内超临界二氧化碳流体染色染料与纤维材料染色工艺技术的最新研究进展,并结合研究现状,指出了超临界二氧化碳流体染色技术产业化进程中需迫切解决的问题。     

环氧型活性分散染料的制备

在传统的羊毛染色中,染料分子设计、染色、固色机理与工艺过程、应用性能检测与评估等一系列相关技术均是在以水为染色介质的基础上发展而来。商品化染料难以适用于羊毛超临界二氧化碳染色技术。本文设计合成出五支适合超临界染色的环氧活性基专用染料,并在超临界二氧化碳流体中进行染色实验。结果表明,用该类染料于超临界体系中染色的羊毛纤维,耐皂洗牢度达到4级,具有良好的工业化前景。     

超临界二氧化碳染色技术研究进展

概述了超临界二氧化碳染色技术的染色机理,对不同染料的染色工艺条件的研究情况做了分析。阐述了染料研究和混合染料拼色研究的进展情况。对超临界二氧化碳的染色热力学和动力学性研究情况做了论述,对染料在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度、染料在纤维与超临界CO2间的分配规律、染料在纤维中的扩散行为做了分析论述。对染色设备的国内外进展情况做了分析论述。指出了超临界二氧化碳染色技术产业化应用应解决的关键问题是增强染料的溶解和在纤维中的扩散,以及高压操作下大容积染色釜的研制。     

超临界CO2流体中染料溶解度研究进展

综述了超临界CO2流体中染料溶解度的测试装置与方法。分析了超临界CO2流体工艺参数与染料化学结构对分散染料溶解度的影响规律；总结了国内外近二十年的分散染料在超临界CO2流体中溶解度数据，并介绍了分散染料在超临界CO2中的溶解度增溶技术。指出加强染料结构对其溶解性能作用原理及影响规律剖析，超临界CO2中染料溶解行为数据库构建，染料拼色与配色研究三方面为未来的研究重点。     

基于姜黄超临界CO2萃取染色一步法研究

分析了姜黄的分子结构及特性,运用超临界CO2染色装置,在压力为20—27 MPa、温度为80—140℃、时间为50—100 m in条件下,对姜黄色素进行萃取,首次提出内染、外染结合的工艺技术路线,对蛋白质毛纤维进行一步法染色研究。阐述了超临界流体萃取及染色的传质特性,依据电子测色配色仪、分光光度仪、织物色牢度分析,结果表明,姜黄超临界CO2萃取染色一步法工艺技术,使织物与色素有良好的结合性和匀染性,染品经测试耐摩擦色牢度达到3—4级,耐水色牢度达到4—5级。     

聚酯纤维低温染色的研究现状

聚酯(PET)纤维低温染色的研究愈加受到关注.本文从低温染色助剂(载体)、涤纶改性、前处理技术、染料改性、超临界流体CO2染色、微胶囊染色技术等几个方面阐述了国内外聚酯纤维低温染色的研究现状.     

超临界二氧化碳染色过程

针对传统水染工艺不能从根本上解决印染行业水环境污染严重及资源消耗、浪费大的问题，介绍了一种全新的清洁生产技术——超临界CO2染色过程，重点分析了超临界流体和超临界CO2染色工艺的特点，阐述了分散染料在超临界CO2中的溶解和扩散特性以及纤维表面结构及其改性在染色过程中的作用，提出了超临界CO2染色技术研究的若干观点。     

超临界二氧化碳染色的现状研究

针对传统水染工艺不能从根本上解决印染行业水环境污染严重及资源消耗、浪费大的问题,介绍了一种全新的清洁生产技术——超临界CO2染色,重点论述了超临界流体和超临界CO2染色工艺的特点,对国内外超临界二氧化碳染色技术在合成纤维和天然纤维纺织品染色中的研究现状作了全面分析,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

纺织品生态染色和染色新技术

本文从生态角度介绍和分析了近年来的一些染色新技术。着重介绍了节水染色，包括合理利用水，重复利用水，无水和非水染色；超临界CO2流体染色；短流程和一浴法染色，特别是一种染料或多种染料一浴法染近年来出现的新纤维混纺和交织物，还介绍了笔者研究开发的一些成果；小浴比，特别是超小浴比染色、低温、受控、低盐或无盐、深色和坚牢度染色、以及射线、超声波、低温等离子体、纳米材料和离子液体在染色中的应用可能性。     

分散红343、分散蓝366及其混合物在超临界CO_2中的溶解度测定和关联

为超临界CO2染色工艺提供必要的基础数据,采用静态循环法在343.2～383.2 K,12～28 Mpa温度压力范围内,测定了分散红343和分散蓝366及其混合物在超临界CO2中的溶解度.实验结果表明,二元体系(分散红343+CO2,分散蓝366+CO2)和三元体系(分散红343+分散蓝366+CO2)中染料的溶解度均随温度和压力的升高而增大;染料分子的极性对其在超临界CO2中的溶解度影响较大;三元体系中两种染料的溶解存在"共溶剂效应"和竞争溶解作用;两种染料在二元和三元体系中的溶解度实验数据用Chrastil方程关联,结果较好.     

合成纤维的超临界二氧化碳染色

传统染色工艺使用大量的水,存在环境污染严重及资源消耗、浪费大的问题,有机溶剂作染色介质也存在生态、成本问题等,很难工业化应用。超临界二氧化碳流体染色作为一种新型染色技术越来越得到关注。本文介绍了超临界流体的性质及其染色工艺的特点,讨论了分散染料在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解和分散性,分析了三种合成纤维在超临界二氧化碳流体中染色研究现状、应用趋势和存在问题。     

Dyeing natural fibres in supercritical carbon dioxide using a nonionic surfactant reverse micellar system

A reverse micellar system in supercritical carbon dioxide has been developed as a dyeing medium. Water-soluble dyes such as reactive dyes and acid dyes could be sufficiently solubilised in the interior of a specially constituted reverse micelle. Protein fabrics, silk and wool, were satisfactorily dyed even in deep shades with conventional acid dyes without any special pretreatment. Cotton cellulose fabric was also dyed with conventional reactive dyes when the electrostatic force of repulsion between dye and cotton was eliminated. Compared to previously proposed supercritical dyeing methods, dyeing of fabrics with this system could be performed at low temperatures and pressures in a short time.     

Relationship between the solubility of disperse dyes and the equilibrium dye adsorption in supercritical fluid dyeing

In order to understand the dyeing behaviour of synthetic fibres in supercritical carbon dioxide, the solubility of some disperse dyes in supercritical fluid, as well as the rate of dyeing and the equilibrium adsorption of these dyes, have been studied. Dye solubility was measured by a dynamic analytic method at a range of pressure (7.5–25 MPa) and temperature (50–145 °C). The apparent rate of dyeing was measured and the dyeing isotherm was obtained by plotting the equilibrium dye adsorption against the equilibrium dyebath concentration. Linear isotherms were obtained when poly(ethylene terephthalate) samples were dyed with the disperse dyes. The mechanism of dyeing using supercritical carbon dioxide was discussed by considering the solubility, the dyeing rate and the dyeing isotherm.     

Dyeing of natural fibres from perfluoro-polyether reverse micelles in supercritical carbon dioxide

The dyeing of natural fibres from a reverse-micellar system in supercritical carbon dioxide has been investigated using ammonium carboxylate perfluoropolyether as surfactant. Protein fibres such as silk and wool were satisfactorily dyed in deep shades with conventional acid dyes without special pretreatment. Exhaustion was excellent. It was however found that on these fibres the performance of acid dyes was strongly influenced by temperature and carbon dioxide density. Conventional reactive dyes in this system were adsorbed on cotton, even in the absence of dyeing auxiliaries, but the fixation of the dye was not satisfactory. Compared with supercritical dyeing methods reported previously, it was found in this study that the temperature and pressure required were significantly lower.     

The Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Supercritical CO2 Dyeing of PET-Dyeing with Mixtures of Dyes

Abstract

Dyeing is supercritical CO2 is one of the most advanced dyeing technologies. The dyeing medium is not water but carbon dioxide in the supercritical state (temperatures above 31°C and pressures above 74 bar).

The effect of pressure and temperature on dyeing of PET in supercritical CO₂ with only one dye and with mixtures of two or three dyes has been investigated.

The variations of pressure (250 in 300 bar) and temperature (70 in 130°C) cause differences in colour, especially when mixtures of dyes are used. The dyed samples were evaluated using colorimetry and the extraction of dyes from the fabric.

The amount of all dyes on the fabric rises with the rising temperature due to the accelerated motion of molecular chains and the formation of the free volume in the fibre, so important for the diffusion of dyes. The change of pressure does not after the amount of fixed dyes significantly, but the ratio between the dyes is changed when dyeing with mixtures of dyes.