产品设计方案费效权衡的随机机会约束规划模型

针对产品设计方案费效权衡中由于未考虑生产过程中不确定性因素影响而导致的权衡结果易产生偏差的问题, 提出将不确定优化理论引入产品设计方案费效权衡模型中。在对关键设计参数敏感性分析的基础上,将敏感性变量以及费用估算的偏差描述为随机变量,构建基于以产品设计方案费效权衡的随机机会约束规划模型,并采用嵌入蒙特卡洛模拟的遗传算法求解,得到考虑不确定因素影响的最优产品设计方案。最后以混凝土泵车为实例,验证了模型的有效性。研究表明,采用费效权衡随机机会约束规划模型得到的产品设计方案,更能反映生产实际,可以最大程度保证不确定条件下产品设计决策目标的实现。     

应用带补偿的机会约束规划策略优化精馏过程的研究

精馏过程优化存在许多不确定变量,其对优化结果的影响是不可忽略的,所以需要找到真实反映不确定变最的数学模型,找到最优的求解方法得到精确解,进而得到最优的优化结果.本研究通过分析随机规划策略和不确定因素的特性及其对精馏优化过程的影响,对不确定因素进行分类,应用带补偿的随机规划和机会约束规划实现不确定因素对优化目标和约束的影响.对于模型中的机会约束,由于不确定输入变量和不确定输出变量间存在单调关系,所以可以通过对不确定输入变量的多重积分将机会约束转化为等价地确定性非线性约束,此时模型转化为含有非线性约束的带补偿的随机规划模型,此模型通过改进的蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)积分和含有序列2次规划(SQP)的Benders分解相结合的混合算法有效的求解.所提出的求解方法借助于Matlab软件能够得到比较精确的结果.采用本文所提出的模型及求解方法对精馏塔操作的模拟实验过程进行优化研究,可以看出带补偿的机会约束规划模型能够很好地反映不确定变量对优化过程的影响.所以本文提出的模型和求解方法是有效可行的,且对于以后的不确定优化研究具有很好的指导意义.     

多组分精馏塔灵敏度系数和灵敏度的计算

通过正确划分精馏过程的状态变量及决策变量,从精馏塔的过程方程入手,建立了多组分精馏塔灵敏度分析的数学模型及计算方法。通过该方法可方便地求出精馏塔名状态变量对决策变量的灵敏度及灵敏度系数,定量地确定设计裕量,从而为精馏塔控制方案的设计及实际生产操作提供依据。     

考虑参数优化的BTT导弹三维非线性制导律

针对BTT（bank-to-turn）导弹制导过程中的通道耦合问题,设计了一种考虑制导参数优化的新型的三维非线性制导律.首先,采用旋量描述方法构建弹目视线方位模型,采用矢量描述方法构建弹目视线角速度模型,从而得到了导弹制导的三维非线性模型;然后,将制导律分为制导控制项和耦合补偿项.基于制导控制项最优设计相应的目标函数.同时,在不损失制导信息的情况下,将制导模型转化为线性形式;最后,分别针对无终端约束和有终端约束情况,基于二次型最优方法得到了三维制导律.该制导律既解决了通道解耦,其制导参数又满足一定物理意义下的最优性.仿真结果验证了本文所设计制导律的有效性.     

基于主元分析的最优状态检测技术

针对不确定化工过程的实时优化问题,提出了一种基于主元分析的最优状态检测技术。通过分析系统在不同扰动工况下的最优状态必须满足最优性必要条件这一特征,提出使用测量变量对最优状态特征进行等价描述。基于主元分析方法建立最优状态的特征模型并使用多变量统计手段建立统计限,判别当前系统状态是否处于最优操作点。主要的思路是将系统非最优状态视为一种特殊的过程故障,然后通过多变量统计方法检测出来。提出的最优状态检测技术可用于评估系统的优化控制性能,并且为控制系统是否有必要进一步执行后续实时优化措施提供指导意见。     

基于控制参数化的注塑工业过程最优反馈控制方法

本文针对一类典型的注塑工业过程系统, 研究了注塑填充过程中产生的熔体流动速度最优跟踪控制问题, 提出了一种基于控制参数化的计算最优反馈控制器设计方法以实现注塑过程中熔融聚合物流动前沿位移的最优跟 踪控制, 进而达到改善注塑零件性能的高效生产目标. 首先, 面向注塑工艺复杂生产过程建立了动态过程系统数学 模型, 提出了注塑机内部熔融聚合物流动前沿位置的动态最优跟踪控制问题; 其次, 设计了一种多级反馈控制律, 通 过控制参数化方法将控制反馈核进行了参数化表示, 将控制器设计问题转化为一序列最优参数决策问题; 然后, 通 过状态灵敏度方程分析方法, 求解出了目标函数及约束条件关于决策变量参数梯度信息的显式表达式, 并基于所提 供的梯度信息结合序列二次规划算法进行了高效优化迭代求解; 最后, 通过实验仿真验证了本文所提出的最优反 馈控制器设计方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于Kriging代理模型的加筋柱壳结构优化

基于Kriging代理模型,研究了加筋柱壳型飞行器舱体结构形状和尺寸优化方法.对加筋柱壳结构建立了三维参数化模型,参数化设计变量包括纵向加强筋数量、尺寸和环向加强筋的位置、尺寸,利用试验设计法选取设计变量采样点,使用有限元静力分析和线性屈曲分析得到采样点的应力、变形、屈曲强度因子等响应值,依据设计变量和响应建立Kriging代理模型,使用优化算法对代理模型进行寻优,获得最优设计结果.整个优化过程在Workbench平台中实现,最优结构比初始模型重量减少了11.91％.加筋柱壳结构优化结果分析表明,所使用优化方法优化效果明显、工作流程清晰、优化效率高,具有较大的工程应用价值.     

混合响应面法对汽车吸能部件优化关键技术*

结合sequential和successful的响应面方法以及Kriging插值技术,针对高维优化问题,建立一种混合响应面优化方法.首先采用sequential响应面方法基于初始化变量进行优化,采用Kriging插值方法对样本点和优化过程中形成的优化点重新进行响应面构造,以确定优化范围内新的初始值并将约束减小到一定范围;随后采用successful响应面对更新的设计变量初始值和约束范围进行优化.如此循环,直至得到最优解.采用该方法对汽车前纵梁中板的厚度问题进行优化,取得了不错的效果.     

化工过程多变量报警阈值优化方法

化工过程变量通常具有较强的相关性,从多变量的角度研究过程参数报警阈值的优化具有实际意义。论文针对实际生产过程中存在着大量无效报警问题,结合多变量报警相关性分析,提出了一类多变量报警阈值优化设计的新方法。首先基于过程参数的历史数据,应用基于皮尔逊相关系数法的凝聚层次聚类方法对报警进行聚类分组,然后采用基于差异驱动原理的赋权方法对报警进行优先级排序,最后遵循报警优先级高优先处理的原则,结合漏报警及误报警概率建立过程报警阈值优化的目标函数,并采用数值优化的方法进行求解,得到最优的报警阈值。对于TE过程进行了实验,结果验证了所提方法的优势。     

化工过程测量数据校正模式

化工过程测量数据校正技术是目前化工系统工程的研究前沿。对于含未测变量的线性约束数据校正问题,本文提出一种新的校正算法——矩阵变换法。并以变换矩阵为基础对过程变量的冗余性和观测性进行了分析,为正确设计测量点位置提供了理论依据。     

基于MOLCA的催化裂化分离系统多目标模糊优化

催化裂化分离系统由分馏系统和吸收稳定系统两部分组成,本文将催化裂化分离系统作为一个整体进行研究。应用流程模拟软件Aspen Plus建立了该系统的全流程模拟,在此基础上,以干气中C_（3＋）组分数最小和系统能耗最少作为优化目标,建立了该系统的多目标优化数学模型。应用模糊优化理论对优化约束条件进行模糊处理,并采用多目标列队竞争算法（MOLCA）对模糊优化模型以及普通优化模型进行求解。计算结果表明,采用模糊优化的结果优于普通优化的结果,干气品质和系统能耗都得到了明显的改善。为催化裂化分离系统的操作优化提供了参考。     

Experimental Research in Applying Generative Design and 3D Printers in User Participating Design

This research applied an open structure of generative design in order to provide parametric sliders for users to adjust a digital model under the designer＇s plan. Moreover, the design outcome can be printed immediately using 3D printing technology, to experiment with users＇ preferences and see the effects of generative design in modifying pattern, regular/irregular and detail transformations on a product. Three types of feature modification on iPhone4 case were chosen as simulations by three design experts. Five experienced and five young designers were asked to manipulate a digital generative design model as they want. Then 2D rendering images and 3D printed mockups were presented for subjects to compare with their original design. The result demonstrated that experienced and young designers both can recognized their work in 3D print mockups. Experienced designers can use the limited tool to make distinct outcomes for more satisfaction form tan subjects. Young designers expected to obtain 3D printed mockup to help their design decision in design process.     

并行设计过程建模及优化

设计过程建模及优化对于缩短产品开发时间、提高企业的竞争力具有重大意义，本文提出了面向对象（Ｏ－Ｏ：Ｏｂｊｅｃｔ－Ｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄ）的设计和并行设计过程建模方法，随后以二级圆柱直齿减速器的设计为例，介绍了以Ｏ－Ｏ过程模型为基础，以设计结构矩阵为工具的设计活动重组，并比较了重组前后所用时间，取得了明显的效果。     

Internet Based Collaborative Product Conceptual Design

Generation of Product Concept needs to give full play to the designers' innovative potential and collaborative work of experts in different fields. However, the collaborative innovative capabilities of geographically distributed designers are often limited and hindered by space and time. Therefore, on the basis of the requirements analysis of Internet based collaborative conceptual design and the research work we have done, this paper proposes the overall framework of supporting collaborative conceptual design on Internet. Based on this overall framework, the authors further put forward collaborative conceptual design process model that includes three stages: concept generation, concept communication and optimal product concept selection. At the end of the paper, the experiment environment of collaborative design is described. The overall framework and collaborative conceptual design process model proposed can take full advantage of Internet and give full play to experts' experiences and wisdom, so that the rapid development and innovative design of product can be provided with effectively and efficiently implemental mode and support on Internet.     

Design process excludes users: the co-creation activities between user and designer

User needs are a fundamental element of design. If the design process does not properly reflect user needs, the design will be severely compromised. Therefore, it is worthwhile to investigate how the user is, and user needs are, understood in the design process. In this article, three accepted linear process models for web site and interactive media design are reviewed in terms of the designer and user participation. The article then proposes a user-evolving collaborative design process which is built on co-creation activities between designer and user. Co-creation activities across the entire design process structurally and ontologically reposition the users, and user needs, centrally, which allows the designers to holistically approach to the user needs through building a partnership with the users. Co-creation creates an equal evolving participatory process between user and designer towards sharing values and knowledge and creating new domains of collective creativity.     

Establishing a systems integration process intrastructure

With the steady fall of prices and margins of computer hardware, back in the 1980s, many hardware manufacturers have tried to diversify their range of offerings. Bull Information Systems has chosen to change its major business direction to become a systems integrator and solution supplier. It has been a real challenge and a big success for Bull to succeed in changing its business direction from being a hardware/software mannfacturer to becoming a leading systems integration (SI) company. For a business to be successful in making such a change it needs to work more efficiently and to react faster, while preserving its stability. Although there are many ways for achieving such change, the experience highlighted in this paper describes how a process focus played a critical part in realizing such change. Creating a systems integration business process and a process-focused organization have been critical factors in achieving the change of business direction. A process focus has an impact on the organizational structure; management practices; employees' skills and training; and on measurements of business performance. This paper describes the experiences at Bull Information systems in creating a systems integration business process-focused organization and it outlines the mechanms which are in place to ensure ownership and improvement of the process. It summarizes the main lessons earnt as a result of creating systems integration business processes.     

设计管理理念下的设计沟通模式探讨

在以团队合作为主要形式的现代设计活动中,设计沟通对于设计目标的达成意义重大。不同的设计组织和设计程序在沟通的层次上效果是不同的,也带来各式的问题。文章结合设计圈的组织形式和重叠设计的特点提出立体设计模式,这种模式在组织上和程序上有利于高效高质的设计沟通,从而提高设计活动的效率及质量。     

基于Philips单片机的彩色负片冲印机的设计

介绍了一个能满足 C 4 1工艺的彩色负片冲印机的设计 ,这是一个典型的机电一体化系统 ,为减少系统控制的复杂程度 ,采用了商品化的直流电动机控制模块 ,其中包含了对直流电机的启停和调速等功能 ,且有过流保护 ,在开发较复杂的嵌入式软件时 ,能有效减少错误发生