Evolution of Microstructure,Residual Stress,and Tensile Properties of Mg–Zn–Y–La–Zr Magnesium Alloy Processed by Extrusion

The microstructure, texture, residual stress, and tensile properties of Mg–6 Zn–2 Y–1 La–0.5 Zr(wt%) magnesium alloy were investigated before and after extrusion process, which performed at 300 °C and 400 °C. The microstructural characterizations indicated that the as-cast alloy was comprised of α-Mg, Mg–Zn, Mg–Zn–La, and Mg–Zn–Y phases. During homogenization at 400 °C for 24 h, most of the secondary phases exhibited partial dissolution. Extrusion process led to a remarkable grain refi nement due to dynamic recrystallization(DRX). The degree of DRX and the DRXed grain size increased with increasing extrusion temperature. The homogenized alloy did not show a preferential crystallographic orientation, whereas the extruded alloys showed strong basal texture. The extrusion process led to a signifi cant improvement on the compressive residual stress and mechanical properties. The alloy extruded at 300 °C exhibited the highest basal texture intensity, the compressive residual stress and hardness, and yield and tensile strengths among the studied alloys.     

Microstructure,Tensile Properties and Work Hardening Behavior of an Extruded Mg–Zn–Ca–Mn Magnesium Alloy

A new Mg-2.2 wt% Zn alloy containing 1.8 wt% Ca and 0.5 wt% Mn has been developed and subjected to extrusion under different extrusion parameters.The finest(～0.48 μm) recrystallized grain structures,containing both nano-sized MgZn_2 precipitates and α-Mn nanoparticles,were obtained in the alloy extruded at 270℃/0.01 mm s~(-1).In this alloy,the deformed coarse-grain region possessed a much stronger texture intensity(～32.49 mud) relative to the recrystallized fine-grain region(～13.99 mud).A positive work hardening rate in the third stage of work hardening curve was also evident in the alloy extruded at 270℃,which was related to the sharp basal texture and which provided insufficient active slip systems.The high work hardening rate in the fourth stage contributed to the high ductility extruded at 270℃/1 mm s~(-1).This alloy exhibited a weak texture,and the examination of fracture surface revealed highly dimpled surfaces.The optimum tensile strength was achieved in the alloy extruded at 270℃/0.01 mm s~(-1),and the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure were～364.1 MPa,～394.5 MPa and～7.2%,respectively.Fine grain strengthening from the recrystallized fine-grain region played the greatest role in the strength increment of this alloy compared with Orowan strengthening and dislocation strengthening in the deformed coarse-grain regions.     

Effects of Passes on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr Alloy During Multidirectional Forging

The multidirectional forging(MDF) process was conducted at temperature of 753 K to optimize the mechanical properties of as-homogenized Mg–13 Gd–4 Y–2 Zn–0.6 Zr alloy containing long-period stacking ordered phase. The effects of MDF passes on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were also investigated. The results show that both the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization(DRX) grains and mechanical properties of the deformed alloy enhanced with MDF passes increasing till seven passes. The average grain size decreased from 76 to 2.24 lm after seven passes, while the average grain size increased to 7.12 lm after nine passes. The microstructure after seven passes demonstrated randomly oriented fine DRX grains and larger basal(0001)\11"20[ Schmid factor of 0.31. The superior mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) with ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of 416 MPa and fracture elongation of 4.12% can be obtained after seven passes. The mechanical properties at RT after nine passes are inferior to those after seven passes due to the coarsening of DRX grains, which can be ascribed to the static recovery resulting from the repeated heating at the interval of MDF passes. The elevated temperature mechanical properties of the deformed alloy after seven passes and nine passes were investigated. When test temperature was below 523 K, the elevated temperature tensile yield strength and UTS after seven passes are superior to those after nine passes, while they are inferior to that after nine passes as temperature exceeds523 K.     

Effects of Cooling Rate and Component on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–Zn–Y Alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–1Y and Mg–6Zn–3Y(wt%) alloys under different cooling rates were investigated. The results show that the second dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) of Mg–6Zn–1Y and Mg–6Zn–3Y is reduced by 32 and 30% with increasing cooling rates(Rc) from 10.2 to 23 K/s, which can be predicted using a empirical model of SDAS=68 R 0:45:45cand SDAS=73 R 0c, respectively. The compressive strength of both alloys increases with increasing the cooling rate, which is attributed to the increase of volume fraction(Vf) of secondary phases under high cooling rate. The interaction of the cooling rate and component with SDAS has been theoretically analyzed using interdependence theory.     

Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Mg–4Gd–1Y–1Zn–0.5Ca–1Zr Alloy

The as-cast multi-element Mg–4Gd–1Y–1Zn–0.5Ca–1Zr alloy with low rare earth additions was prepared, and the solution treatment was applied at different temperatures. The microstructural evolution of the alloy was characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and corrosion properties of the alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution were evaluated by immersion and electrochemical tests. The results indicate that the as-cast alloy is composed of the a-Mg matrix,lamellar long-period stacking-ordered(LPSO) structure and eutectic phase. The LPSO structure exists with more volume fraction in the alloy solution-treated at 440 °C, but disappears with the increase in the solution temperature. For all the solution-treated alloys, the precipitated phases are detected. The corrosion rates of the alloys decrease first and then increase slightly with the increase in the solution temperature, and the corrosion resistance of the solution-treated alloys is more than four times as good as that of the as-cast alloy. In addition, the alloy solution-treated at 480 °C for 6 h shows the best corrosion property.     

Effects of Solution Treatment on the Microstructure,Tensile Properties,and Impact Toughness of an Al–5.0Mg–3.0Zn–1.0Cu Cast Alloy

This study investigates the eff ect of solution treatment(at 470 °C for 0–48 h) on the microstructural evolution,tensile properties,and impact properties of an Al–5.0Mg–3.0Zn–1.0Cu(wt%) alloy prepared by permanent gravity casting.The results show that the as-cast microstructure consists of α-Al dendrites and a network-like pattern of T-Mg_(32)(AlZnCu) 49 phases.Most of the T-phases were dissolved within 24 h at 470 ℃;and a further prolonging of solution time resulted in a rapid growth of α-Al grains.No transformation from the T-phase to the S-Al_2CuMg phase was discovered in this alloy.Both the tensile properties and impact toughness increased quickly,reached a maximum peak value,and decreased gradually as the solution treatment proceeded.The impact toughness is more closely related to the elongation,and the relationship between impact toughness and elongation appears to obey an equation:IT = 8.43 EL-3.46.After optimal solution treatment at 470 ℃ for 24 h,this alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength,elongation and impact toughness being 431.6 MPa,270.1 MPa,19.4% and 154.7 kJ/m~2,which are comparable to that of a wrought Al–6.0 Mg–0.7 Mn alloy(5E06,a 5 xxx aluminum alloy).Due to its excellent comprehensive combination of mechanical properties,this cast alloy has high potential for use in components which require medium strength,high ductility and high toughness.     

Influence of Nd and Y on texture of as-extruded Mg–5Li–3Al–2Zn alloy

Mg–5Li–3Al–2Zn alloys with the additions of Y and Nd were prepared using induction melting furnace under the atmosphere of pure argon; then they were extruded. The textures of the as-extruded alloys were analyzed by pole figures and electron backscatter diffraction. Results show that the addition of a small amount of Nd can weaken the basal texture. The further increase of Nd content has no corresponding further influence on texture. When a small amount of Y is used to replace Nd, the basal texture can be further weakened and the prismatic slip system can be further activated. In the alloy of Mg–5Li–3Al–2Zn–1.2Y–0.8Nd, the basal textures almost vanish.     

Microstructural Evolution and Biodegradation Response of Mg–2Zn–0.5Nd Alloy During Tensile and Compressive Deformation

The effect of deformation behavior on the in vitro corrosion rate of Mg–2Zn–0.5 Nd alloy was investigated experimentally after uniaxial tensile and compressive stress. The microstructure and texture were characterized using electron backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction, while potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests were used to investigate the corrosion response after deformation. The result reveals that applied compressive stress has more dominant effect on the corrosion rate of Mg–2 Zn–0.5 Nd alloy as compared to tensile stress. Both tensile and compressive strains introduce dislocation slip and deformation twins in the alloy, thereby accelerating the corrosion rate due to the increased stress corrosion related to dislocation slips and deformation twins. The {10ī2} tension twinning and prismatic slip were the major contributors to tensile deformation while basal slip, and {10ī2} tension twin were obtainable during compressive deformation. The twinning activity after deformation increases with the plastic strain and this correlates with the degradation rate.     

Microstructure,Microsegregation, and Mechanical Properties of Directional Solidified Mg–3.0Nd–1.5Gd Alloy

The microstructure, microsegregation, and mechanical properties of directional solidified Mg–3.0Nd–1.5Gd ternary alloys were experimentally studied. Experimental results showed that the solidification microstructure was composed of dendrite primary a(Mg) phase and interdendritic a(Mg) ? Mg12(Nd, Gd) eutectic and Mg5 Gd phase. The primary dendrite arm spacing k1 and secondary dendrite arm spacing k2 were found to be depended on the cooling rate R in the form k1= 8.0415 9 10-6R-0.279 and k2= 6.8883 9 10-6R-0.205, respectively, under the constant temperature gradient of40 K/mm and in the region of cooling rates from 0.4 to 4 K/s. The concentration profiles of Nd and Gd elements calculated by Scheil model were found to be deviated from the ones measured by EPMA to varying degrees, due to ignorance of the back diffusion of the solutes Nd and Gd within a(Mg) matrix. And microsegregation of Gd depended more on the growth rate, compared with Nd microsegregation. The directionally solidified experimental alloy exhibited higher strength than the non-directionally solidified alloy, and the tensile strength of the directionally solidified experimental alloy was improved,while the corresponding elongation decreased with the increase of growth rate.     

Effect of Solution Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sand-Cast Mg–9Gd–4Y–0.5Zr Alloy

Sand-cast Mg–9Gd–4Y–0.5 Zr(wt%) alloy was solution-treated at 500–565 ℃ in the time range of 0.5–30 h in air or vacuum to investigate its microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. The results showed that solution treatment temperature had a significant influence on the dissolving rate of eutectic phase and grain growth. Taken both of them into consideration, 510–520 ℃ was considered to be the optimum solution treatment temperature range for this alloy.It should be noted that the trace(0.4–0.9 vol%) and insoluble cuboid-shaped phase precipitated during solution treatment was identified to be YH2, of which the hydrogen was thought to come from both the melting and solution heating process.In addition, the 3D morphology and dissolving process of Mg24(Gd,Y)5 eutectic phases in the as-cast alloy were also discussed via in-situ observation under X-ray tomography.     

Zn对2195铝锂合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响

研究了Zn对2195铝锂合金在不同热处理状态(T8，T6)下的显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：Zn的存在明显促进了T1相的析出和弥散分布，而且有球形颗粒状含Zn相析出，使合金强度提高：但Zn的加入不改变2195合金的断裂机制，且使合金塑性略有下降。     

Influence of Cold-Rolling Reduction on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Nuclear FeCrAl Alloy with Low Cr and Nb Contents

FeCrAl alloy is one of the most promising candidates as an accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding material. Herein, the influence of cold-rolling (CR) reduction on microstructure and tensile properties of the as-annealed FeCrAl alloys, with low Cr and Nb contents, is systematically examined. With the increase in CR reduction, the grain size of FeCrAl alloy is obviously refined after annealing because the increase in stored deformation energy leads to enhanced recrystallization. However, the large CR reductions result in a severe mixed-grain microstructure, significantly reducing the uniform deformability of the FeCrAl alloy. The dislocation density of the as-annealed FeCrAl alloy decreases with the increase in CR reduction, except for the excessive CR reduction of 50%. Moreover, the Laves phases are crushed and dissolved during CR and annealing, as well as large amounts of refined Laves phases are found after large CR reductions. The pinning effect of the Laves phases can significantly improve the strength of FeCrAl alloy. Accordingly, the strengthening mechanisms of FeCrAl alloy consist of fine-grain strengthening, dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening. Finally, the FeCrAl alloy, with a CR reduction of 30%, achieves optimal tensile properties. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the industrial production of the FeCrAl alloy.     

Al/Zn比对镁合金组织、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、XRD、能谱仪、电子万能试验机及电化学工作站等研究了Al/Zn比对镁合金组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:当Al/Zn比在1～15的范围内时,合金的相组织主要为α相和β相.在Al/Zn比等于10时,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到最大值171.2 MPa和107.5 MPa;由极化曲线和交流阻抗曲线的测量知此时合金的耐蚀性能最好,盐水腐蚀试验测得的腐蚀速率也下降到最小值0.3 mg/(cm2·d).而伸长率则在Al/Zn比等于1时达到最大值2.02%.实验结果还表明:当Al/Zn比小于1时,合金的相组织主要为α相和τ相(Mg32(Al、Zn)49).     

Zn对斯特林银组织和性能的影响

系统研究了Zn对斯特林银的铸造、冷加工、抗电化学腐蚀、抗硫化变色和抗氧化红斑等性能的影响。试验结果表明,适量的Zn可以改善铸造性能,抑制斯特林银中出现缩松缺陷,有助于获得致密的铸态组织,并有利于改善合金的抗电化学腐蚀、抗硫化变色和抗氧化性能。但是Zn量超过约3.5%后容易产生晶粒粗化和氧化夹杂物,并使抗电化学腐蚀和抗硫化变色性能略有下降;Zn不利于斯特林银硬度的提高,其含量越高,合金的铸态硬度越低;Zn含量在2.5%以内时合金有较好的冷加工性能,超过此值后会造成一定程度的损害。     

高强韧锌基耐磨合金组织与性能

在ＺＡ２７合金的基础上，通过合金元素的调整和优化，研制了一种具有优良力学性能和耐磨性能的锌基耐磨合金。本文着重分析了该合金的组织形成和具有高强韧综合性能的原因。     

硫含量对Cu-Ni合金拉伸性能影响的机理分析

对6种不同硫含量的Cu-Ni合金进行了室温拉伸试验。系统地研究了拉伸速率和硫含量对材料屈服强度、拉伸强度、伸长率和断面收缩率的影响。通过扫描电镜、能谱分析和金相组织分析,研究了硫含量对金相组织的影响。分析了Cu-Ni合金中硫析出物的分布、变形及对塑性的影响规律。分析了材料发生断裂的起源和过程及硫含量对塑性影响的根本原因,为后续冷变形过程提供理论依据。     

Effects of Zn,Zn-Al and Zn-P Additions on the Tensile Properties of Sn-Bi Solder

Effects of Zn, Zn-Al and Zn-P additions on melting points, microstructures, tensile properties, and oxidation behaviors of Sn-40 Bi lead-free solder were investigated. The experimental results show that the addition of these three types of elements can refine the microstructures and improve the ultimate tensile strength（UTS） of solder alloys. The fractographic analysis illustrates that ductile fracture is the dominant failure mode in tensile tests of Sn-40Bi-2Zn（SBZ）and Sn-40Bi-2Zn-0.005Al（SBZA） specimens, while brittle fracture is the controlled manner in Sn-40Bi-2Zn-0.005P（SBZP） and Sn-58 Bi solders. XPS analysis indicates that trace amounts of both Al and P additives in solder can improve the antioxidant capacity, whereas only the additive of Al in solder can reduce the thickness of oxidation film.     

Mn添加对挤压态Mg-Zn-Y-Nd合金微观组织和腐蚀行为的影响

通过光学显微镜,配备能量色散光谱仪的扫描电子显微镜,X射线衍射仪,浸泡法和电化学测试的方法研究了Mn的添加对挤压Mg-Zn-Y-Nd合金在3.5wt.％NaCl溶液中的微观组织和腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,在研究的Mg-Zn-Y-Nd合金中添加Mn可以诱导Mg3Y2Zn3（I相）沉淀,可以抑制热挤压过程中动态再结晶（DRX）晶粒的粗化。同时,添加了Mn也可以提高合金的耐腐蚀性。不含Mn的Mg-5.6Zn-1Y-0.4Nd合金与含锰1.0 wt.％的Mg-5.6Zn-1Y-0.4Nd合金腐蚀速率分别为18.78 mm·y-1和9.89mm·y-1。而耐腐蚀性的提高主要归因于腐蚀产物层保护性的增强。     

Li含量对Mg-Li-Al-Ce-Ca系合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用真空电阻炉制备了Mg-Li-Al系合金.研究了Li对Mg-Li-Al系合金铸态及热处理态微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Li含量的增加,合金中α-Mg的量逐渐减少,当Li含量达到10.5wt％时,合金中的α-Mg相已经很难观察到；三种Mg-Li-Al系合金均由d-Mg相、β-Li相、Al2Ce、Al2Ca和MgLi2Al五种化合物或相构成；随Li含量的增加,合金屈服强度增幅近40％,而伸长率略微下降；端口呈现韧窝和撕裂棱,且撕裂棱数量随Li含量的增加而减少,为韧性断裂.     

电沉积工艺对锌镍合金镀层镍含量的影响

实验分析了锌镍合金电沉积过程中温度、导电盐、添加剂量和pH值等工艺参数对镀层镍含量的影响。着重考察了pH值与添加剂之间的相互作用及其匹配关系对镀层镍含量的影响。发现pH值在有无添加剂时对镀层镍含量的影响规律不同,并试用极化曲线分析其原因。