海上油田大排量分层测调注水技术研究及应用

针对海上油田注水井的大排量注水需求及工艺发展缺乏大排量分层测调注水工具、方法的问题,开发了海上油田大排量分层测调注水技术.通过设计研发的大排量注水工作筒、大量程测调仪器和地面控制设备,实现注水井多层段大排量分层注入和注水量在线监测、测调一体,满足油藏大排量精确配注需求.现场应用试验表明:大排量注水工作筒满足全井最大注入...     

同步测调应用于油田注水的研究与实验

当前油田注水只能由下而上、逐层单独调配。其最大的弊端是层间干扰严重,测试效率低。由此提出了同步测调的注水方案:即每一个单层配置一台仪器,在规定的时间后,每一台仪器按照各自的给定流量开始自动同步调配,直至吻合。仪器由测试车通过投捞器放入井中,卡坐在桥式偏心配水器内。仪器内置CPU,经过PID运算后,通过调节机构,控制桥式偏心配水器上的堵塞器的阀门开度,从而调节进水量。通过实验室模拟和现场试验得出如下结论:同步测调技术应用于油田注水控制是合理可行的,不仅注水准确度显著提高,而且省时省力,降低成本。     

电磁感应技术在智能测调配水装置的应用

提出在井下采用低频的电磁感应无线通信的技术来完成井下的可调式堵塞器与下井测控仪之间进行数据传输,从而实现集测量、调配为一体的智能测调配水。地面计算机将控制信号传给发送模块,经信号处理之后,将数据通过发射线圈发送,接收线圈感应到信号,经过解调电路之后恢复出控制信号,输入单片机,单片机控制电机带动调节阀门的开度,来调节注水量。在井下高温高压的环境下,采用低频的感应通信技术实现下井仪器一次下井可以完成各地层的流量的测量和调配,解决了目前井下常规技术频繁投捞堵塞器,效率低、测调周期长等问题。     

渤海油田小井眼防砂注水井分层测调技术研究与应用

渤海油田防砂分层注水井防砂完井后预留井眼尺寸为3.25 in和3.88 in,先前只能采用钢丝投捞多水嘴方式进行分层配注,致使出现调配效率低、占井时间长等问题。文中介绍了一套注水井测试和调配一体化工艺及工具,可用于防砂完井后最小3.25 in的分层注水井。该系列工具可实现多层注水,注水工作筒随油管一同下入井下,后期再用电缆绞车下入测调仪器,一趟电缆作业即可完成整口井的分层注水测试和调配。     

海上油田小井眼注聚井分层测调技术研究及应用

针对海上油田小井眼注聚井分层测调困难、配注效率低、粘度损失高的问题,开发了小井眼分层测调注聚技术,设计研发小尺寸分层保粘注聚工具、配套井下测调仪器和地面控制设备.小尺寸分层保粘注聚工具设计大通径中心过流通道、桥式注入通道和高保粘注入通道,实现小井眼注聚井的大排量、多层段、高保粘分层注聚.井下测调仪器和地面控制器可地面监...     

恒流堵塞器的流量特性分析

在油田分层注水系统中,堵塞器是进行井下流量控制的核心部件。恒流堵塞器与传统堵塞器相比可以减少注水井的测试工作量和堵塞器投捞次数,具有很好的应用前景。对一种典型结构的恒流堵塞器建立键合图动力学模型,并推导相应的状态方程模型,模型中充分考虑了液动力、阻尼力及泄漏等因素;通过键合图仿真软件20-SIM对恒流堵塞器的流量特性进行计算机仿真分析。最后采用专门设计的试验台对仿真结果进行试验验证。试验结果表明仿真结果较为准确,可以反映出流量特性的细节变化。     

恒流堵塞器的建模和参数分析

恒流堵塞器是油田分层注水系统中的重要部件,在注水压力和地层压力变化时,它可以保证注水流量基本不变,从而达到恒流注水的目的。文中利用物理系统建模的通用方法—键合图法建立了恒流堵塞器的模型,通过仿真软件20-SIM进行了仿真,并且分析了物理参数对性能的影响。     

有缆智能一体化分注管柱在海上7″尾管注水井中的应用

以渤海油田某重点注水井为研究对象,针对当前7″尾管注水井调配所面临的问题,开展了有缆智能一体化分注管柱的探索与应用。结果表明,有缆智能一体化分注管柱有效弥补了常规调配设备短板,实现了注水井的精细分层调配,成效显著,具有极好的推广应用价值。     

渤海油田325"有缆智能工艺优化研究

针对渤海油田传统分层注水技术无法即时进行数据采集及在线调配的问题，本文提出了325"有缆智能工作筒的结构设计，通过力学计算以及水嘴优化设计，开发了一种适用于渤海油田分层注水的小直径智能工作筒，对配套的流量计以及在线验封技术开展了理论分析研究，确保优化设计后的工艺能实现有效分层注水。     

基于DSP的油田注水控制系统

介绍一种以DSP（数字信号处理器）为核心的油田注水智能实时控制系统。该系统通过对油井压力的监测,将采集到的压力值通过CAN总线传送给DSP,DSP根据压力值的变化按照预先设置的参数控制阀门开关,并利用流量计监测流量,再根据流量值的大小变化,进一步的调节水流量,实现油田的智能注水。与此同时,利用SCI总线将压力值和流量值送到PC机上,再运用GPRS模块将实时监控数据传送到远程的主机上,实现远距离的自动控制。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.