不同自由度耦合斜齿轮转子系统的振动特性

以一个两对斜齿轮耦合的三平行轴转子系统为研究对象,考虑静态传递误差和齿轮几何偏心等因素的影响,建立了全自由度通用齿轮啮合动力学模型。将其与转子系统有限元模型进行耦合,建立了平行轴系齿轮转子系统有限元模型。转子系统采用梁单元模拟,齿轮之间的啮合通过啮合刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵模拟,并分析了不同自由度耦合下系统的固有特性和振动响应特性。研究结果表明,考虑弯扭耦合和弯扭轴摆耦合会产生较多的弯扭耦合频率,响应计算结果出现的峰值点均对应系统的固有频率,而考虑弯扭轴摆耦合可以更好地表征系统的不同自由度的耦合振动情况。此研究结果可为齿轮耦合转子系统设计提供参考。     

齿轮-转子系统的振动特性分析

根据转子动力学和齿轮啮合的基本原理,建立了考虑陀螺力矩的齿轮转子系统的动力学模型,以此求得齿轮转子啮合刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵。探讨了啮合刚度、支承刚度对系统固有频率以及系统稳定性的影响。结果表明齿轮的啮合刚度对弯曲振动以及弯扭耦合振动固有频率的影响不大,而当啮合刚度介于2×105~2×108之间时,对弯扭耦合振动的相对稳定性却有较大的影响;另增大支承刚度,固有频率相应提高;减小跨距可以提高系统的稳定性。分析结果对工程应用具有重要的意义。     

齿轮耦合对转子-轴承系统稳定性的影响

基于一种精细的齿轮弯扭耦合模型,本文研究了齿轮－转子－轴承系统的弯扭耦合振动以及齿轮耦合对系统稳定性的影响,并提供了相应的算例和分析结构。     

功率四分支齿轮传动系统的弯扭耦合振动固有特性研究

在轴承-转子系统动力学理论的基础上,考虑齿轮啮合效应和转子弯扭耦合效应,建立了功率四分支齿轮传动系统振动方程,求解自由振动的特征方程,获得了该系统耦合状态下的前14阶固有频率和振型,以及非耦合状态下前8阶固有特性。得出如下结论:1)系统结构的对称性导致部分转子的模态对称;2)系统的模态类型主要表现为两类形态:一类以某一转子振动为主,其他转子的振幅很小;另一类表现为复杂的多转子弯扭耦合振动;3)转子间的弯扭耦合对系统的固有频率和模态产生了很大的影响,在进行功率四分支齿轮传动系统的振动特性研究时,必须同时考虑转子弯扭耦合效应的共同作用。     

功率四分支齿轮传动系统的弯扭耦合振动固有特性研究

在轴承-转子系统动力学理论的基础上,考虑齿轮啮合效应和转子弯扭耦合效应,建立了功率四分支齿轮传动系统振动方程,求解自由振动的特征方程,获得了该系统耦合状态下的前14阶固有频率和振型,以及非耦合状态下前8阶固有特性。得出如下结论:1)系统结构的对称性导致部分转子的模态对称;2)系统的模态类型主要表现为两类形态:一类以某一转子振动为主,其他转子的振幅很小;另一类表现为复杂的多转子弯扭耦合振动;3)转子间的弯扭耦合对系统的固有频率和模态产生了很大的影响,在进行功率四分支齿轮传动系统的振动特性研究时,必须同时考虑转子弯扭耦合效应的共同作用。     

斜齿轮-转子-轴承弯扭轴耦合振动特性分析

为研究风电齿轮箱中高速级斜齿轮传动系统的动力学特性,在同时考虑输入/输出扭矩的时变性、齿轮偏心、综合传递误差、重力激励以及支撑轴承的非线性等因素的影响下,应用集中质量参数法建立了多自由度斜齿轮-转子-轴承弯扭轴耦合的动力学模型。在此基础上推导了风电齿轮箱高速级斜齿轮传动系统的动力学微分方程,并分析了转速、齿轮偏心、轴承游隙等参数对传动系统振动响应特性的影响。研究结果表明:由于弯扭轴耦合的作用,传动系统中扭转振动位移明显大于横向和轴向振动位移,故系统以扭转振动为主。随着转速的逐渐升高,振动位移显著增大,频率幅值发生明显的波动并且在转频附近出现了连续谱。随着偏心的增大,系统中各位置振动幅值明显增加,但对扭转方向的影响大于对横向和轴向振动的影响。轴承游隙对斜齿轮系统的动态特性影响不大,但轴承有其自身的谐振频率,在系统设计阶段需要注意避开轴承的变刚度频率对系统的影响。研究结果为风电齿轮箱传动系统的动态特性分析和故障诊断奠定了一定的基础。     

燃气轮机齿轮耦合转子系统动力学特性分析

为了降低燃气轮机齿轮转子系统不平衡响应,采用了耦合转子动力学方法对系统进行分析评价,在考虑齿轮啮合及轴承动力特性系数的基础上,利用传递矩阵法分别建立了两单轴转子的弯曲振动分析模型,推导了人字齿轮耦合单元的传递矩阵,应用整体传递矩阵建立了人字齿轮转子系统的弯扭耦合振动分析模型,对某燃气轮机齿轮-转子-轴承系统进行了振动特性分析。通过数值计算与分析,获得单轴转子以及齿轮耦合转子的不平衡响应。研究结果表明,该齿轮耦合使转子系统不平衡响应增大,同时传动系统的工作转速远离临界转速,系统处于安全稳定状态。     

齿轮系统的转子耦合型振动

在综合分析了有关文献［１，２，４］的基础上，介绍了齿轮系统转子耦合型振动的基本概念和分析模型．说明了由于齿轮副存在质量偏心，使齿轮一传动轴（转子）系统中会出现三种耦合了横向振动和扭转振动的惯性力，从而形成了齿轮系统转子耦合型振动的基本模型。讨论了耦合惯性力对齿轮系统振动的影响，从而说明，齿轮系统的转子耦合型振动应是齿轮系统动力学重要的研究内容．     

多转子系统弯扭耦合振动分析的整体传递矩阵法

介绍了多转子系统弯扭耦合振动分析的整体传递矩阵法,推导了考虑弯扭耦合的齿轮耦合单元的传递矩阵,将整体传递矩阵法推广、应用于包含齿轮啮合效应的齿轮传动转子多轴系统弯扭耦合振动的动力计算问题中。采用整体传递矩阵法对具有齿轮啮合的多转子相互耦合系统的临界转速进行了计算。计算结果表明,这是一种精确度高,简便实用的方法,适于工程技术人员在微机上应用。     

齿轮传动转子系统弯扭耦合振动研究

为分析齿轮传动复杂轴系的振动问题,根据有限元法和拉格朗日法,考虑陀螺效应、油膜支承等因素,得到了转子-轴承系统的弯扭耦合振动模型;在此基础上,根据齿轮副运动过程中啮合刚度和啮合阻尼的变化,得到了齿轮副系统的弯扭耦合振动模型。然后,根据齿轮副的实际排列方式,引入方位角,使得转子模型与齿轮副模型坐标统一化,并将其耦合到一起,得到了更加接近实际的齿轮转子模型,并且计算了其临界转速和振型。研究结果表明,耦合后转子的临界转速低于单转子的临界转速,齿轮传动对转子轴系振动有着明显影响。     

高速数控加工中NURBS曲线拟合及插补技术的研究

通过分析现代数控系统中自由曲面插补算法的特点,提出了基于最小二乘法的NURBS曲线拟合算法和基于弧长参数补偿的NURBS插补技术。采用最小二乘法拟合NURBS曲线,能获得光滑的刀具加工路径,并且在一定范围内能复原曲线的设计轮廓。参数补偿的NURBS插补方法,以泰勒展开法得到的插补参数作为临时插补点,利用该插补法能显著减小速度波动,可将速度控制在理想的范围内,可进一步提高加工精度并减小数控机床的振动。仿真实验表明：该算法简明高效、易于实现,能够满足现代数控系统的要求。     

Studies of high temperature sliding wear of metallic dissimilar interfaces II: Incoloy MA956 versus Stellite 6

The development of wear surfaces formed during limited debris retention sliding wear of Incoloy MA956 against Stellite 6 between room temperature and 750 °C, and sliding speeds of 0.314 and 0.905 m s⁻¹ (7 N applied load, 4522 m sliding distance) were investigated. At 0.314 m s⁻¹, mild oxidational wear was observed at all temperatures, due to oxidation of Stellite 6-sourced debris and transfer to the Incoloy MA956; this debris separated the Incoloy MA956 and Stellite 6 wear surfaces. Between room temperature and 450 °C, the debris mainly took the form of loose particles with limited compaction, whilst between 510 °C and 750 °C the debris were compacted and sintered together to form a Co–Cr-based, wear protective ‘glaze’ layer. The behaviour was identical to that previously observed on sliding Nimonic 80A versus Stellite 6 at 0.314 m s⁻¹.At 0.905 m s⁻¹, mild oxidational wear was only observed at room temperature and 270 °C and dominated by Incoloy MA956-sourced debris. At 390 and 450 °C, the absence of oxide debris allowed ‘metal-to-metal’ contact and resulted in intermediate temperature severe wear; losses in the form of ejected metallic debris were almost entirely Incoloy MA956-sourced. This severe wear regime was also observed from 510 up to 630 °C, but increasingly restricted to the early stages of wear by development of a wear protective Incoloy MA956-sourced ‘glaze’ layer. This ‘glaze’ layer formed so rapidly at 690 °C and 750 °C, that severe wear was all but eliminated and wear levels were kept low.The behaviour observed for Incoloy MA956 versus Stellite 6 at 0.905 m s⁻¹ contrasts sharply with that previously observed for Nimonic 80A versus Stellite 6, in that the Incoloy MA956-sourced high Fe–Cr debris formed a protective oxide ‘glaze’, whilst the Nimonic 80A-sourced Ni and Cr oxides formed an abrasive oxide that at high sliding speeds assisted wear. The data indicates that the tendency of oxide to form a ‘glaze’ is readily influenced by the chemistry of the oxides generated.     

基于敏感参数分析的变矩器叶片参数研究

运用试验设计技术,研究了叶片进出口角、液流偏离角和损失系数等液力变矩器敏感参数,综合考虑这些敏感参数对最高效率、启动变矩比系数和力矩系数的影响,得到了它们之间的影响趋势,确定了影响因素的特定范围。改变泵轮的入口角度后,通过相关试验验证了效率变化的趋势。     

Estimation of length and surface of anisotropic capillaries

Surface density (S_V) and length density (L_V) of myocardial capillaries have hitherto been estimated from their profile boundary length (B_A) and their numerical density (Q_A) on transverse sections by the simplifying assumptions of the Krogh model (perfectly anisotropic, straight, unbranched capillaries with constant cross-sectional area). As the capillaries actually are partially anisotropic, curved, branching cylinders with variable cross-sectional area, a geometrical bias arises from the model-reality discrepancies. We have applied and compared two methods to overcome these inconsistencies: (1) estimation of L_V and S_V by a more realistic model (the Dimroth-Watson distribution); (2) estimation of L_V and S_V from isotropic uniform random (IUR) sections. Twelve male Wistar rats were fixed by retrograde vascular perfusion. One pair of longitudinal and transverse sections, and six IUR sections per animal were selected at random from the left ventricular papillary muscles. Ultrathin sections were silver-impregnated and studied by light microscopic morphometry. Nearly identical estimates of L_V and S_V were found by both methods. The model-based estimation provides biologically meaningful anisotropy constants, but it presupposes knowledge of the anisotropy axis. The IUR method provides no measure of anisotropy, but it can be applied in tissues where the anisotropy axis is not known. Both methods are equally efficient and practically unbiased in S_V estimation, but the model-based estimation is far more efficient in L_V estimation.     

Generating parametric G2 non-four-sided blending surfaces

A method of generating n-sided (n=3, 5, 6) G² blending surfaces (except that the 3-sided blending surface is C⁰ continuous at the three vertexes and the 5-sided blending surface is C⁰ continuous at a vertex) is presented in this paper. When this method is used to generate n-sided (n=3, 5, 6) G² blending surfaces between the base surfaces, the base surfaces are expressed as n-sided (n=3, 5, 6) by reparameterising the base surfaces; then the n-sided (n=3, 5, 6) G² blending surfaces are convex combinations of the base surfaces expressed as n-sided (n=3, 5, 6) surfaces. When the contact curves are arbitrary curves in the base surfaces, the regions near the contact curves in the base surfaces are reparameterised and expressed as n-sided (n=3, 5, 6) surfaces; then the n-sided (n=3, 5, 6) G² blending surfaces are convex combinations of the reparameterised local base surfaces expressed as n-sided (n=3, 5, 6) surface styles. The shape of the n-sided (n=3, 5, 6) blending surfaces can be adjusted by changing the size of the reparameterised local base surfaces and the combination weights. An example of a 5-sided surface generated between an aerofoil, the body and the fringe surface of a missile is given.