共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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从理论和应用研究两方面较为全面地综述了双极膜电渗析技术在近些年的发展,阐述了双极膜中水解离、水迁移、离子迁移以及双极膜电渗析过程等理论研究。介绍了它在饮用水及纯水的制备、食品工业和化学工业及其他领域中的应用。双极膜电渗析技术在优化传统工艺过程和新的工业过程中发挥独到的作用,它的出现改变了传统工艺分离和制备过程,为解决环境化工,生物,海洋化工等领域中的技术难题注入新的生机和活力。同时为解决人类面临的环境,资源,能源的问题提供了有效手段。 相似文献
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本文介绍了将双极膜电渗析应用于威尔曼洛得法净化低浓度二氧化硫烟气的工艺。用国产双极膜和阴、阳离子交换膜组成电渗析器,通过实验考察了双极膜性能,并测定了碱室电流频率,得出在电流密度为53.38mA/cm^2时,能获得80%以上的电流效率和较快的转化速率。提出了国产双极膜材料在实际应用中应克服的缺点和研究的方向。 相似文献
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在二氧化碳捕集、利用和封存(CCUS)技术中,海水固碳技术绿色环保、安全可靠,具有很好的发展前景。其中,双极膜电渗析法海水固碳技术的关键之处在于二氧化碳在系统中的溶解吸收。考察了结晶器中添加晶种、通气体系成分、模拟烟道气流量、双极膜电渗析装置的电流密度对海水固碳过程中二氧化碳溶解吸收效果的影响,结果表明:系统外加晶种、模拟烟道气作为通气体系时更有利于二氧化碳在双极膜电渗析系统中的溶解吸收,促进碳酸钙生成。在上述基础上,随着模拟烟道气流量的增加,二氧化碳的比吸收速率降低,二氧化碳在溶液中大部分转化成碳酸氢根,碳酸根和碳酸钙的生成速率则会降低;随着电渗析装置电流密度的提高,碳酸氢根、碳酸根和碳酸钙的生成速率均会随之提高。该研究为酸性气体在双极膜电渗析系统中溶解吸收和矿化利用提供了指导。 相似文献
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BPM2型双极膜电渗析装置的研制 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
目前国内能正式应用的双极膜电渗析装置比较缺乏,根据双极膜装置的特点与要求,参考国内外先进的电渗析装置的有关技术,研制出适合双极膜电渗析过程的装置.该装置具有耐腐蚀(耐强酸、强碱、有机溶剂)、膜堆体积小(隔板厚度为0.6mm),有效膜面积比率大、密封效果好、防漏电,防内漏、阻力小、电流效率高、使用寿命长、可以多次反复拆装等特点.本文介绍了装置的主要构成、特性及测试情况,并对几种典型的双极膜过程进行陛能测试,发现其各种性能比文献报道的装置均有所改进,从而为我国双极膜的推广应用提供成型的装置以及为理论研究提供研究平台. 相似文献
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膜技术在工业上的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
膜技术是一项新型和高效率分离技术,近年来已经得到了迅速的发展,并且双极膜作为一种新膜非常迅速发展.探索了双极膜替代这传统离子交换工艺的可能性,简要介绍了利用电渗析原理和双极膜理论使用双极膜技术的基础理论和工业应用. 相似文献
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双极膜作为一种新型复合离子交换膜,以其独特的优点,为化工、环境科学和能源利用等领域中存在已久的诸多技术难题提供了新的思路和解决办法。目前,国内外关于双极膜的研究主要集中于通过对膜材料和中间层的改性以促进双极膜的水解离,提高双极膜离子交换能力和降低能耗等方面。本文介绍了热压成型法、黏合成型法、流延成型法,含浸法等双极膜制备方法的原理、特点、应用实例和新进展,并对比分析了各种方法的优势和存在的不足。同时,从膜材料改性和中间层改性两个方面对近年来双极膜的改性研究进行了重点讨论。最后指出,国内多数双极膜的制备仍处于实验研究阶段,将接枝、共混、离子辐射等膜材料改性方法应用于双极膜的制备中,同时寻找亲水性好、耐高温性能好的基膜材料将是双极膜制备领域的重要方向。 相似文献
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Shanmeiyu Zhang Yanyan Zhang Chongchong Wu Hui Yang Qiqi Zhang Fuyi Wang Jingyi Wang Ian Gates Jinben Wang 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(15)
Although small water clusters (SWCs) are important in many research fields, efficient methods of preparing SWCs are still rarely reported, which is mainly due to the lack of related materials and understanding of the molecular interaction mechanisms. In this study, a series of functional molecules were added in water to obtain small water cluster systems. The decreasing rate of the half-peak width in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–water system reaches ≈20% at 0.05 mM from 17O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results. Based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation calculation, it can be concluded that functional molecules with stronger negative electrostatic potential (ESP) and higher hydrophilicity have a stronger ability to destroy big water clusters. Notably, the concentrations of our selected molecule systems are one to two magnitudes lower than that of previous reports. This study provides a promising way to optimize aqueous systems in various fields such as oilfield development, protein stability, and metal anti-corrosion. 相似文献
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F.G. Wilhelm N.F.A. van der Vegt H. Strathmann M. Wessling 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2002,32(4):455-465
Chronopotentiometry is used as a tool to obtain detailed information on the transport behaviour of the bipolar membrane BP-1 in solutions of high sodium chloride concentration above the limiting current density. We discuss critically the interpretation of the observed transition times. The occurrence of two such polarization times for low to moderate current densities is explained by the membrane asymmetry: the two membrane layers of opposite charge in general have different transport properties such as co-ion concentration and diffusion coefficient. The reversible and irreversible contributions to the transmembrane potential can be distinguished which allows the bipolar membrane energy requirements to be addressed. The experiments indicate that the increased voltage drop across bipolar membranes observed with higher solution concentrations can be explained on the basis of stronger concentration gradients in the membrane layers. The gradients become stronger with increased current density, but here the ohmic resistance under steady state transport conditions (the transport resistance) contributes to the increasing electrical potential. The transport resistance decreases with increasing current density due to the ion-exchange of the salt counter ions with the water splitting products. The experiments show that bipolar membranes should be operated at low current densities and low concentrations to minimize energy requirements. These findings are in contrast to the high current densities required to reduce impurities in the produced acid and base. 相似文献