中美两国老龄化问题的比较研究

人口老龄化是指老年人口占总人口的比重不断增加的过程,它是现代人口再生产运动中一种普遍的人口现象。人口老龄化最早出现于欧洲,逐渐波及到美国、日本等发达国家以及中国等发展中国家,如今已成为全球性的问题。本文主要是以美国、中国为例,分析和比较发达国家和发展中国家人口老龄化的动态、特征、带来的问题及应对举措。     

中美两国助学贷款制度的比较及启示

文章通过对中美助学贷款制度的比较研究，根据我国国情和学生学习生活中的实际情况，提出进一步完善我国助学贷款制度的对策与建议。     

信息技术投资对企业绩效的影响

通过对已有研究成果的回顾,阐述了信息技术在企业中的重要作用,研究了对信息技术投资与企业绩效之间的关系可能产生影响的一些变量,如企业规模变量和企业内部环境变量,并建立了相应的回归方程进行分析。分析结果显示,不同规模企业信息技术投资对企业绩效的影响不同,因此企业在进行信息技术投资时应从系统、整体和权变的角度去把握。     

信息技术与金融危机

现代信息技术既促进了全球金融市场的形成和金融工具的创新,又增加了金融风险和金融危机的发生。在当今金融全球化和信息网络覆盖世界各地的情况下,只有依靠现代科学技术,才能加强金融监管,防范金融风险。本文主要论述现代信息技术的发展及其社会效应,信息技术对金融全球化的影响,20世纪90年代金融危机的频繁发生及其主要原因,提出了加强金融监管,防范金融风险的建议和具体措施。     

汽车行业冲压加工生产率的研究与分析

汽车行业中冲压加工法在欧美、日本等汽车公司得到了高度重视,特别是日本丰田汽车公司经过长期的分析和不断优化改进,创立了快速换模工作法,以最少的资源投入获取最大的冲压生产效率。据此研究并掌握精益生产方式,从而大幅度提高生产效率,缩小与先进发达国家汽车行业的差距。     

机械生产率的设计与机械工艺方面的探究

对企业来说,机械的生产率和工艺是非常重要的成分之一。提高生产率是加快企业发展的重要途径,同时生产率本身的设计问题也需要进行思考,寻求最适当的方法和工艺,把机械的效用发挥到极致。     

信息技术与市场开拓

市场经济的发展,要求企业进行市场的开拓,以提高市场营销管理的水平,促进企业的发展。为了解决企业市场开拓的信息掌握问题,本文将从市场开拓信息化建设的角度,对企业市场开拓的信息技术展开详细研究,并提出相应的对策,以期提高企业的市场开拓能力。     

计算机技术与信息技术联用的分析

随着高科技时代的发展,计算机信息技术也在不断地发展,计算机技术属于信息技术的重要的组成部分。为当前的生产的大发展、技术的大创新,生活水平的提高等许多需求,因此信息技术得到发展与应用,但是单项的计算机技术已经满足不多数人群的要求,因此,计算机技术和信息技术之间的联用是一种发展的趋势,就此进行分析与探讨信息技术和计算机技术的联用。     

试析中美两国城市建筑拆除爆破发展的异同

以翔实的资料介绍了美国城市建筑物拆除爆破事业的发展历程,并尝试对中、美两国爆破拆除界的从业人员来源与构成、人才培训方式、公司经营特点以及技术措施上的异同作些初步的分析、比较与思考,以供国内城市建(构)筑物控制爆破拆除人员参考借鉴。     

中美两国冷水机组标准的IPLV评价体系差异性分析

介绍中美两国冷水机组IPLV评价的现状,从IPLV的构建原理和权重系数的推导方法、试验工况、测试方法、测试允差、插值计算方法等方面对两国冷水机组IPLV评价体系进行对比分析,指出我国当前IPLV评价体系已不适应我国建筑业和暖通空调产业现阶段发展水平,该工作对于明确两国标准的差异性、推动我国冷水机组产品性能评价体系的改进与完善具有参考价值。     

Evaluating the performance of US manufacturing and service operations in the presence of IT: a Bayesian stochastic production frontier approach

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of US manufacturing and service operations in the presence of information technology (IT) as measured by technical efficiency, using firm-level data from 133 companies over the period from 1999 to 2009. To gain insight into the phenomenon of the ‘IT productivity paradox’, or the history of inconsistent findings in the existing literature, we employ a Bayesian stochastic production frontier approach to model the relationship between performance and technical efficiency at the firm, industry and sector levels. Some results are indicative of a slight advantage of the manufacturing sector over the service sector in terms of technical efficiency and a significant positive contribution of IT-investment to firm output. However, other results do suggest the productivity paradox, because of a lack of any definitive association of high IT investment levels with either high- or low-technical efficiency. Indeed, the findings of this study suggest that the origin of some portion of the IT productivity paradox may exist at the industry level, in that the relationship between extreme levels of IT-investment and extreme levels of technical efficiency appear to work differently in sufficiently different industries.     

Comparison of U.S.S.R. Codes and U.S. Army Manual for design of foundations on permafrost

A comparative study was made of design criteria and analytical methods for footings and pile foundations on permafrost employed in U.S.S.R. Design Code SNiP II-18-76 (1977) and U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Special Report 80-34 developed in the early 1970s by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and published in 1980. The absence of adequate constitutive equations for frozen soils and of rigorous solutions of the boundary problems has made it necessary to incorporate (explicitly or implicitly) various safety factors in the foundation analyses. From the review it is concluded that the principal difference between these practices is in the assessment and application of appropriate values of safety factors, which leads to a substantial discrepancy in the dimensions and costs of footings and pile foundations in permafrost.     

浅析美国产品伤害监测体系

产品伤害是全球最为关注的市场风险和公共安全问题之一。美国作为全球最早建立产品伤害监测体系的国家,其国家电子伤害监测系统可提供来自医院急救室概率样本的具有统计意义的全国产品相关伤害估计值。基于伤害信息,美国消费品安全委员会经安全评价后制定有针对性的伤害预防措施,最大限度保护消费者安全。美国实践经验对于我国开展产品伤害监测工作有着重要的借鉴价值。     

信息技术在企业知识创造过程中的作用研究

从知识创造的各个环节入手,研究了不同信息技术对知识创造过程中知识的存储、获取和共享的作用.研究表明:信息技术因其存储能力强,可处理性强等特性,对企业内部知识创造过程中知识的存储、共享、交流、转化等环节有着特定的促进作用.     

中美页岩气成藏条件、分布特征差异研究与启示

美国页岩气大多为海相热成因型,产气页岩主要分布在前陆和克拉通盆地的泥盆—石炭系,埋藏深度一般为1 500～3 500 m。我国页岩分为海相、海陆过渡相与煤系、湖相三类,其中海相页岩主要发育在坳拉槽和克拉通盆地的下古生界,富有机质集中段分布稳定,热成熟度偏高,有较高的含气量,勘探前景最好;海陆过渡相与煤系页岩主要发育在大型坳陷和前陆盆地,层系以石炭系—侏罗系为主,没有明显的富有机质集中段,含气量差别较大,勘探潜力有待落实;湖相页岩主要发育在中、新生代陆相盆地,富有机质集中段厚度大,成熟度较高的凹陷中心区可能具有一定资源前景。预测我国页岩气勘探将经历较长的探索期,未来年产量可达500亿～600亿m3规模。     

A Comparison of U.S. and European Project Manager Decision-Making Styles

ABSTRACT

This research effort was an exploratory assessment of the decision-making leadership styles of U.S. and European project managers. Data were obtained via the Jerrell/Slevin 20-question survey from 65 U.S. and 63 European project managers during 1993 and 1994. The data reflect a high degree of similarity between U.S. and European managers in both the overall Decision Authority score and the overall Group's Information Input To Decision score. Statistical differences of the variables within the Decision Authority component are evident in the U.S. project managers more-frequent tendency to let groups decide the vacation and work schedules. However, U.S. managers employ less participation in their attempts to obtain quicker results. Within the Group's Information Input To Decision component, statistical differences indicate that the Europeans feel it is easier to make decisions in groups, but the data suggest that U.S. managers are more inclined to use information from subordinates. Although experience level based on number of years as a project manager appears to show little difference, the overall Decision Authority component is influenced by the number of projects managed.     

美国汽车业的供应链策略分析

互联网的建立，实现了大量的信息流动，因而使供应链的本质起了极大的变化。汽车制造商为取得竞争优势，需要对其战略重新定位。为了得到更大的市场，公司必须做到以下两点：一是缩短产品生产周期；二是缩短产品开发周期。为了降低成本，公司必须降低整条价值链中每一个环节的成本。商家通过互联网向顾客销售汽车及零部件，使得商家在配送和零售的模式上发生了很大的变化。这一变化不仅向公司提供了更好的市场透明度，更向消费者提供了直接挑选货品的机会。商家为顾客开启的大门还削减了传统销售中用于配送和零售的中介费用。本文的目的在于研究互联网中企业对企业的影响，以及今后应该如何置身于这一业务。供应商和汽车制造商应如何在互联网时代进行商业行为呢？本文的目的在于分析传统的，即以竞争和合作为特征的供应链关系的变化。我们将着眼于供应关系的改变、成本模式和样式转变等。本文结构台下：第一节是对目前问题及其重要性的介绍；第二节主要讨论问题的一般表示形式，以及为取得战略竞争优势，解决问题的方法。第三节详细分析了汽车业的各个方面及其供应链。最后提出了企业的战略和结论。     

美国联邦政府机构技术预测工具应用态势分析

美国国防分析研究所发布的《美国联邦政府技术预测工具应用现状与潜在应用》研究报告对美国联邦政府机构技术预测工作开展现状进行了梳理,对联邦政府机构期望拥有的技术预测工具能力进行了分析。本文在此基础上,对联邦政府机构技术预测工具的应用态势进行了总结,为我国开发相应技术预测工具提供参考与借鉴。     

R&D and Productivity in High-Tech Manufacturing: A Comparison between Italy and Spain

Using data for 12 manufacturing industries over the period 1980–2006, we perform for Italy and Spain a dynamic panel estimation of the long-run elasticity of total factor productivity (TFP) with respect to R&D capital. In spite of recording a level of R&D capital lower than Italian industries, the technology-based industries in Spain have experienced a similar or higher long-run impact on TFP. This is mainly attributable to what occurred from the mid-1990s onwards when, thanks to increasing R&D efforts, the Spanish industries have been able to catch up with respect to the Italian ones. These findings suggest that, also in countries classified as technology followers, R&D investment is a crucial condition for boosting manufacturing productivity.     

Technological innovation and the U.S. banking industry: Innovation in the U.S. retail and wholesale banking sectors

In this paper, case studies of “best practice” retail and wholesale banks are used to explore the influence of technological change on the banking industry. The impact that specific technologies are having on the retail and whole-sale sectors is discussed. Briefly, the evidence shows that there is tremendous pressure on the banking industry to restructure at the current level of technology and competition. Retail banks are looking to client-server, open systems, groupware, workflow software, and imaging technology to restructure and consolidate their operations. Wholesale banks are using information technology to support specialized fee-income generating strategies. Nonetheless, in both the retail and wholesale banking sectors, nonbank financial service providers such as pension funds, insurance companies, money market funds and mutual funds are gaining market share. As these competitors expand their role, I find that the financial services competitor with the best strategy and technology is increasingly no longer a traditional bank.