碳离子注入前后硅片的微动磨损行为研究

利用离子注入技术对单晶硅片表面进行碳离子注入,用原位纳米力学测试系统对碳离子注入前后硅片的纳米硬度和弹性模量进行测定,在UMT-II型微摩擦试验机上对其开展微动磨损试验,利用S-3000N型扫描电镜观察其磨损后的磨痕表面形貌.结果表明,碳离子注入后硅片的纳米硬度增加,弹性模量降低,减摩效果和抗磨性能得到了提高;注入前后硅片的微动磨损机制相似,主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损.     

氮离子注入与氮化提高Ti6Al4V合金冲击磨损性能的研究

采用高频低压等离子体浸没离子注入(HLPⅢ)技术对Ti6Al4V合金实施氮离子注入与氮化处理,在新型小载荷冲击磨损试验机上进行了冲击磨损试验,并与基体试样作对比研究。结果表明:经氮离子注入与氮化处理后的试样,在同一冲击力、冲击周次下磨痕深度减小;在不同冲击力下,试样临界冲击周次增加;离子注入与氮化处理可有效降低冲击载荷作用时表面的黏着性能,提高Ti6Al4V合金抗冲击磨损的能力。     

基于新型试验装置的TC_4钛合金面接触微动磨损行为研究

自主设计了一套微动磨损夹具装置,可以更好地实现线/面、面/面接触。设置一组喷丸强度梯度处理Ti-6Al-4V合金试样,并与未喷丸磨光态试样进行对比试验分析。探讨喷丸处理对Ti-6Al-4V合金试样面/面接触形式微动磨损性能改善效果。试验结果表明,喷丸强化影响效果随喷丸强度参数变化而波动,其中,0. 20mmA喷丸强度处理在所有喷丸参数中表现最优。微动参数倾向于大滑移状态时,0. 20mmA喷丸强度处理试样较未喷丸磨光试样表现出一定的抗面/面接触形式微动磨损性能;在微动参数倾向于黏着状态时,0. 20mmA喷丸强度处理试样并未表现出良好的微动磨损抗性。     

TiNi合金表面钼合金层的物相与性能

采用双辉等离子表面合金化技术在TiNi合金表面制备钼合金层,分析了钼合金层的物相和成分分布,利用带电化学测试系统的超声波振动空蚀试验机和往复摩擦磨损试验机分别研究钼合金化试样和基体合金的电化学性能和耐磨性能。结果表明:在TiNi合金表面制备了成分呈梯度分布的钼合金层,该层中主要含有Mo、MoTi和Ni3Ti相;在空蚀条件下合金基体的钝化能力受到抑制,钼合金化试样则呈现出一定程度的钝化能力;两者的磨损机制均是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,合金基体的磨痕宽度远大于钼合金化试样的,并且黏着磨损更为严重。     

海水环境下2507超级双相不锈钢微动磨损性能研究

采用SRV-IV微动摩擦磨损试验机研究在干摩擦和水溶液介质中微动振幅对2507超级双相不锈钢微动磨损行为的影响,利用三维轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜分别对试样的磨痕深度、磨损体积和磨痕表面微观形貌进行表征分析。结果表明:在干摩擦下,随振幅增加微动运行区域发生了由部分滑移区向滑移区的转变,摩擦因数随振幅的增加先增大后趋于稳定,磨痕深度和磨损体积随振幅的增加而增大,磨损机制由局部氧化磨损、局部疲劳磨损转变为氧化磨损、黏着磨损和剥落磨损;水溶液中,海水中摩擦因数随振幅的波动较去离子水中的大,且海水中由于存在腐蚀与磨损交互作用,磨痕深度和磨损体积也都比去离子水中的略大,磨损机制主要是轻微氧化磨损、磨粒磨损伴随疲劳磨损。     

硬度对钢蜗轮副用材料微动磨损特性的影响

通过调整40CrNiMoA钢的热处理工艺参数获得了4种不同硬度的试样,在无润滑、室温条件下,在SRV Ⅳ微动磨损试验机上研究了硬度对40CrNiMoA钢-18Cr2Ni4WA钢摩擦副微动磨损量和摩擦因数的影响.结果表明:试验条件下,随着40CrNiMoA钢硬度的增加,其微动磨损体积减小,而较硬的18Cr2Ni4WA钢的微动磨损量变化趋势则与试样的位置等有关,但总存在一个硬度配对使得两摩擦副微动磨损体积相等;摩擦因数在40CrNiMoA钢为上试样时,随时间变化较平稳,波动较小;当40CrNiMoA钢为上试样时,其微动磨损机制主要为黏着磨损,而18Cr2Ni4WA钢的磨损机制以磨粒磨损和黏着磨损为主.     

高温下位移幅值对TC4合金磨损性能的影响

钛合金的微动磨损会加速裂纹的形成与扩展,导致其构件提前失效。利用摩擦磨损试验机考察TC4合金在300和500℃温度下的微动磨损行为,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜对磨痕轮廓及磨痕表面进行分析,探讨在300和500℃温度下TC4合金在不同位移幅值作用下的微动磨损机制。实验结果表明：高温条件下,试样平均摩擦因数和磨损率随位移幅值的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;两种高温环境中,小位移幅值时,微动运行区域为部分滑移区,主要损伤机制为黏着磨损和氧化磨损;位移幅值为100μm时,微动运行区域为混合滑移区,主要磨损机制为氧化磨损、剥层磨损及塑性变形;大位移幅值时,微动运行区域为完全滑移区,主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。对比300和500℃条件下磨损结果,表明温度越高TC4合金耐磨性能越好,这主要是由于摩擦生成的氧化物TiO₂和Fe₂O₃对磨损表面具有保护作用。     

离子注入轴承钢的磨损试验及其磨损机理的探讨

为了验证有关文献中介绍的离子注入可改善金属材料的耐磨性,我们试探在MM-200型磨损试验机上,进行了离子注入轴承铜试样的对比性磨损试验。并对磨损试样的表面磨痕进行了实测和扫描电子显微镜观察,取得了一些可资比较的结果。最后,对磨损机理作了扼要的、初步的讨论。     

碳离子注入对硅片微动磨损性能的影响

对单晶硅片〈111〉进行了注入剂量为2×10~(16) ions·cm~(-2)、注入能量分别为60 keV和80 keV的碳离子注入,采用X射线衍射仪研究了碳离子注入前后硅片晶体结构的变化,采用UMT-2型微动摩擦试验机进行了微动摩擦磨损试验,采用超高精度三维形貌仪测量了硅片的磨痕深度,采用S-3000N型扫描电子显微镜分析了硅片的磨损形貌及磨损机理。结果表明:碳离子注入改变了硅片的晶体结构,使晶体无序化;硅片的摩擦因数和磨痕深度均随着载荷、微动振幅的增加而增大;碳离子注入后硅片的减摩效果和抗磨性能得到明显改善,当载荷达到一定值后,随着时间的延长,碳离子注入层逐渐被磨破,摩擦因数迅速增大;注入能量为60 keV硅片的减摩抗磨性能较好;碳离子注入前后硅片的磨痕均呈椭圆形,注入后磨痕面积小且表面损伤程度较轻,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主。     

镍基单晶高温合金微动摩擦磨损特性研究

采用SRV-IV微振动摩擦磨损试验机研究了航空发动机材料DD6镍基单晶高温合金的室温微动摩擦磨损特性.微动试验条件为:试验块与合金球水平垂直接触干摩擦,正向载荷为50～180 N,振幅为60 μm,频率为50 Hz,循环次数为1×105次.试验结果表明:随着正向载荷的增大,磨痕中心区域磨损特征由微凹坑转变为平坦的挤压层;微动摩擦系数大幅度降低60％,微动磨损体积减少88％;微动磨损主要形式为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损、氧化磨损以及造成表面材料脱落的疲劳磨损.     

Fretting wear behavior of nitrogen ion implanted titanium alloys in bovine serum lubrication

Nitrogen ion implantation was performed on biomedical titanium alloys by using of the PBII technology to improve the surface mechanical properties for the application of artificial joints. The titanium nitride phase was characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanohardness of the titanium alloys and implanted samples were measured by using of in-situ nano-mechanical testing system (TriboIndenter). Then, the fretting wear of nitrogen ion implanted titanium alloys was done on the universal multifunctional tester (UMT) with ball-on-flat fretting style in bovine serum lubrication. The fretting wear mechanism was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D surface profiler. The XPS analysis results indicate that nitrogen diffuses into the titanium alloy and forms a hard TiN layer on the Ti6Al4V alloys. The nanohardness increases from 6.40 to 7.7 GPa at the normal load of 2 mN, which reveals that nitrogen ion implantation is an effective way to enhance the surface hardness of Ti6Al4V. The coefficients of friction for Ti6Al4V alloy in bovine serum are obviously lower than that in dry friction, but the coefficients of friction for nitrogen ion implanted Ti6Al4V alloy in bovine serum are higher than that in dry friction. Fatigue wear controls the fretting failure mechanism of nitrogen ion implanted Ti6Al4V alloy fretting in bovine serum. The testing results in this paper prove that nitrogen ion implantation can effectively increase the fretting wear resistance for Ti6Al4V alloy in dry friction, and has a considerable improvement for Ti6Al4V alloy in bovine serum lubrication.     

DLC多层膜对1Cr1 8Ni9Ti钢微动磨损性能的影响

用非平衡磁控溅射与等离子体源离子注入（PSII）的混合技术，研究了类金刚石碳（DLC）多层膜对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢微动磨损性能的影响。结果表明：注入N后，改性层内形成了CrN和Fe3N等氮化物相；PSII技术能够提高1Cr18Ni9Ti钢基体的微动磨损性能；试验所制备的DLC多层膜比N注入层具有更好的微动磨损性能。     

Torsional fretting wear of a biomedical Ti6Al7Nb alloy for nitrogen ion implantation in bovine serum

Ti6Al7Nb is a high-strength titanium alloy used in replacement hip joints that possesses the excellent biocompatibility necessary for surgical implants. Ti6Al7Nb treated with nitrogen gas (N₂) plasma immersion ion implantation–deposition (PIII–D) was investigated. Torsional fretting wear tests of untreated and nitrogen-ion-implanted Ti6Al7Nb alloys against a Zr₂O ball (diameter 25.2 mm) were carried out under simulated physiological conditions (serum solution) in a torsional fretting wear test rig. Based on the analyses of the frictional kinetics behavior, the observation of 3D profiles, SEM morphologies and surface composition analyses, the damage characteristics of the surface modification layer and its substrate are discussed in detail. The influence of nitrogen ion density on the implantation and torsional angular displacement amplitudes were investigated. The results indicated that ion implantation layering can improve resistance to torsional fretting wear and thus has wide potential application for the prevention of torsional fretting damage in artificial implants. The damage mechanism prevented by the ion implantation layer on the Ti6Al7Nb alloy is a combination of oxidative wear, delamination and abrasive wear. An increase in ion implantation concentration inhibited detachment by delamination.     

离子束增强沉积薄膜的摩擦磨损行为与结构分析

采用离子束增强沉积（IBED）技术在不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti衬底表面生长氮化钛薄膜以及氮离子注入,进行了干滑动摩擦磨损试验与组织结构电镜分析,表明增强沉积膜较离子注入具有更高耐磨性能。     

AZ91D镁合金微动磨损特性研究

采用液压高精度材料试验机考察了平面一球面接触的AZ91D镁合金摩擦副的微动磨损行为，分析了位移幅值、法向载荷和频率等参数对摩擦因数和磨损体积的影响，考察了不同实验条件下的磨斑形貌，并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明：AZ91D镁合金的微动区域可分为部分滑移区、混合区和滑移区3个区域，粘着磨损、疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损分别是3个区域的主要磨损机制；磨损体积随着位移幅值和法向载荷的增加而增大，但却随着频率的增大而减小。在微动部分滑移区和混合区，摩擦因数随着位移增大迅速增加；在微动滑移区，摩擦因数随法向载荷的增大而减小，而位移幅值和频率对摩擦因数的影响较小。     

System18牙科支架合金在人工唾液下的微动磨损性能研究

为研究牙科支架合金的微动磨损性能,采用PLINT高精度液压伺服式微动磨损试验机,在法向载荷50N、频率2Hz、位移幅值3-30μm,在大气和人工唾液2种介质条件下,对System18牙科合金进行了微动磨损实验。分析了其微动磨损的动力学特性,并结合光镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对磨痕及磨屑的成分进行了分析。结果表明：人工唾液对微动运行区域有明显改变;人工唾液明显减轻了System18牙科合金的微动损伤;其主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和剥层磨损。     

Wear resistance of highly cross-linked and remelted polyethylenes after ion implantation and accelerated ageing

Ion implantation may provide medical polyethylenes with excellent mechanical and tribological properties, helping to lower the risk of long-term osteolysis. Highly crosslinked and remelted polyethylenes, materials currently used as soft components in artificial joints, were implanted with N+ and He+ ions at different ion fluences. The mechanical and tribological properties under distilled water lubrication at body temperature were assessed after ion implantation by means of microhardness and pin-on-disc tests respectively. Thus, the influences of the ionic species and implantation dose on surface hardness, friction coefficient, and wear factor were fully characterized. Furthermore, the tribological behaviour was evaluated after an accelerated ageing protocol (120 degrees C for 36h). Ion implantation increased the surface hardness, as well as friction coefficients, and decreased the wear factors especially at the highest doses. Also, even though all artificially aged materials showed a worse wear behaviour, polyethylenes implanted with either N+ or He+ at the highest doses maintained a relatively good wear factor in comparison with the aged non-implanted material. The origins of these modifications are discussed according to the effects of ion implantation on the microstructure of the polymer.     

Impact Fretting Wear Behavior of Alloy 690 Tubes in Dry and Deionized Water Conditions

The impact fretting wear has largely occurred at nuclear power device induced by the flow-induced vibration, and it will take potential hazards to the service of the equipment. However, the present study focuses on the tangential fretting wear of alloy 690 tubes. Research on impact fretting wear of alloy 690 tubes is limited and the related research is imminent. Therefore, impact fretting wear behavior of alloy 690 tubes against 304 stainless steels is investigated. Deionized water is used to simulate the flow environment of the equipment, and the dry environment is used for comparison. Varied analytical techniques are employed to characterize the wear and tribochemical behavior during impact fretting wear. Characterization results indicate that cracks occur at high impact load in both water and dry equipment; however, the water as a medium can significantly delay the cracking time. The crack propagation behavior shows a jagged shape in the water, but crack extended disorderly in dry equipment because the water changed the stress distribution and retarded the friction heat during the wear process. The SEM and XPS analysis shows that the main failure mechanisms of the tube under impact fretting are fatigue wear and friction oxidation. The effect of medium(water) on fretting wear is revealed, which plays a potential and promising role in the service of nuclear power device and other flow equipments.     

Fretting wear of carburized titanium alloy against ZrO2 under serum lubrication

Fretting wear of carburized titanium alloys was investigated on the universal multifunctional tester (UMT) with the ball-on-flat fretting style under bovine serum lubrication. The tangential load and friction coefficient during the fretting process were analyzed, and the evolution of fretting log during the fretting process was investigated to understand the wear mechanism of the titanium alloy and carburized titanium alloy. Furthermore, the wear scar was examined using a SEM and three-dimension surface profiler. It was found that the friction coefficient of the titanium alloy increased faster than that of carburized titanium alloy in the first stage under serum lubrication, and then remained steady with a similar value in the second stage. The Ft-D curve indicated that there was wear mechanism transition from gross slip to mixed stick and slip. Finally, it was observed that there was a slight damage of the titanium alloy and carburized titanium alloy showed excellent performance during the fretting wear process under serum lubrication. All of the results suggested that carburized titanium alloy was a potential candidate for the stem material in artificial joints.     

TiAlZr合金微动磨损性能研究

采用高精度液压式微动磨损试验机研究了TiA lZr合金在不同微动运行区域的微动磨损行为,建立了其运行工况微动图。试验结果表明:滑移区、混合区和部分滑移区的摩擦因数随循环次数变化呈现不同的规律,其中部分滑移区摩擦因数较低,磨损体积随着位移幅值的增大而增大;滑移区、混合区磨损体积随着法向载荷的增加而增大,而部分滑移区磨损体积随着法向载荷的增加而减小;滑移区磨屑堆积于中心区域,磨损以磨粒磨损和剥层机制为主;混合区磨损机制主要表现为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损并存;部分滑移区磨损轻微。