TPU／ABS塑料合金的研制

通过熔融共混法制备了ＴＰＵ／ＡＢＳ塑料合金，并以此材料试制了塑料纬纱管。讨论了ＴＰＵ含量，共混工艺等因素对合金力学性能和形态结构的影响，结果表明，在ＴＰＵ含量为５－２０％时，所制ＴＰＵ／ＡＢＳ塑料合金具有良好的综合性能，尤其在冲击强度和耐磨性能方面都有明显改进。用此材料制造的纬纱管，经检测，各项性能均达到了各颁标准，经有关厂家初步应用认为，达到了纺机配件的使用要求。     

ABS树脂的共混改性

简要介绍了采用聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、热塑性聚氨酯单体等不同热塑性塑料对丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯三元共聚物（ＡＢＳ）树脂进行共混改性,从而提高ＡＢＳ树脂的性能,并且对共混改性的机理进行了探讨,指明了不同组分对ＡＢＳ树脂性能的影响。     

聚氯乙烯与热塑性聚氨酯的共混改性

将聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）与自制的热塑性聚氨酯（ＴＰＵ）进行共混改性，试验研究了ＰＶＣ分子量、ＰＶＣ／ＴＰＵ共混比及共混方法对共混物性能的影响。结果表明，ＸＳ－３型ＰＶＣ与ＴＰＵ的相容性最好，性能也较为满意。     

热塑性聚氨酯改性PVC的研究

将自制的热塑性聚氨酯（５６６ＴＰＵ）和日本的Ｐａｎｄｅｘ Ｔ－５２６５ＴＰＵ、美国的Ｅｌｖａｌｏｙ７４１及Ｃｈｅｍｉｇｕｍｐ－８３等四种不同的高分子改性剂，在相同条件下分别与聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）共混，其共混物通过ＤＳＣ、扫描电镜、Ｘ－射线衍射测试，并比较其力学性能和薄膜耐热性能。证实ＰＶＣ／５６６ＴＰＵ共混物是非结晶相态，Ｔｇ值最低，两者相容性最好，且性能优异，可作为医用或其他用途的合金材料。     

TPU／PVC弹性体性能的研究

文章研究了热塑性聚氨酯（ＴＰＵ）对软质聚氯乙烯材料共混改性的情况,探讨了不同类型,不同含量的ＴＰＵ对共混物的力学性能,弹性性能,老化性能及流变性能的影响,从而获得性能较好的共混弹性材料。     

TPU/PVC弹性材料性能的研究

研究了热塑性聚氨酯（ＴＰＵ）对软质聚氯乙烯材料共混改性的情况,探讨了不同类型,不同含量的ＴＰＵ对共混物的力学性能、弹性性能、老化性能及流变性能的影响,从而获得了性能较好的共混弹性材料。     

氯化聚乙烯的应用

介绍了氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）作为高分子改性剂在改性聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）、聚乙烯（ＰＥ）、丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚物（ＡＢＳ）、乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）、ＰＥ／ＰＶＣ共混体系和橡胶等方面的应用情况。     

PC／TPU共混物的流变性能

用毛细管流变仪研究了聚碳酸酯（ＰＣ）及聚碳酸酯／热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（ＰＣ／ＴＰＵ）共混物的流变性能。实验结果表明：ＰＣ熔体粘度对剪切速率（γ）不敏感，而对温度（Ｔ）敏感。温度升高，ＰＣ粘度降低。加入ＴＰＵ大大改善了共混物的流动性能，使共混物的成型加工变得容易进行。当ＴＰＵ含量为４０份时，共混物的熔体粘度出现一极小值。加入不同第三组分对于降低共混物的熔体粘度效果不同，第三组分Ｅ对共混物有增粘作用     

热塑性了聚氨酯弹性体阻燃的初步研究

本论文在ＴＰＵ／ＣＰＥ二元共混改性体系的基础上，添加国产新型添加型复合阻燃剂－阻燃合金（ＨＴ－９５３），获得既有良好加工性，又有高效阻燃性的ＴＰＵ改性产品。     

国外动态

硬质ＴＰＵ增韧ＡＢＳ　　Ｄｏｗ塑料公司即将推出 4种新的ＡＢＳ/ＴＰＵ共混物 ,牌号为Ａｍｐｌｉｆｙ。应用市场是小型消费电子品如网络电话机和个人数字设备 ,电动工具外壳和汽车保险杠。新材料具有韧性、耐化学性和高流动性的均衡。不像Ｄｏｗ公司的Ｐｒｅｖａｉｌ软质系列ＡＢＳ/ＴＰＵ ,硬质Ａｍｐｌｉｆｙ合金采用Ｉｓｏｐｌａｓｔ硬质工程ＴＰＵ代替弹性体改性剂。Ａｎｏｎ ＰｌａｓｔＴｅｃｈｎｏｌ,2 0 0 1,47( 3) :2 7汽车用电线料通过ＳＡＥ 30 0 0ｈ测试　　Ｅｑｕｉｓｔａｒ化学公司新推出的ＰｅｔｒｏｔｈｅｎｅＸＬＷＣＯ47…     

Studies on binary and ternary blends of polypropylene with ABS and LDPE. I. Melt rheological behavior

Studies are presented on melt rheological properties of binary blend of polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer (ABS), and ternary blend of PP, ABS, and low-den-sity polyethylene (LDPE). Data obtained in capillary rheometer are presented to describe the effect of blending ratio, shear stress, and shear rate on flow properties, melt viscosity, and melt elasticity. At a blend composition corresponding to 10 wt % ABS content, both binary and ternary blends show maximum in melt viscosity accompanied by minimum in melt elasticity. Pseudoplasticity of the melt decreases with increasing ABS content. In ternary blends, LDPE facilitates the flow at low LDPE contents and obstructs the flow at high LDPE contents. Scanning electron microscopic studies are also presented to illustrate the state of dispersion and its variation with blend composition.     

PP/EPDM-g-MAH/TPU共混物流变行为的研究

以EPDM g MAH为增容剂 ,采用熔融共混技术制备了热塑性聚氨酯弹性体 (TPU)增韧聚丙烯 (PP)材料 ,研究了PP/EPDM g MAH/TPU共混物的流变行为 ,重点讨论了增容剂EPDM g MAH对共混物流变行为的影响。结果表明 :共混物熔体的非牛顿指数n <1,且随EPDM g MAH用量的增加而减小 ,表观粘度随剪切速率和剪切应力的增大而降低 ,熔体符合假塑性流体的流动规律 ;温度升高 ,表观粘度降低 ;随着EPDM g MAH用量的增加 ,共混物的表观粘度升高 ,粘流活化能有所减小     

Hot melt adhesive properties of PA/TPU blends compatibilized by EVA-g-MAH

A new copolyamide (PA52) with good adhesion to aluminum (Al) sheets was synthesized from caprolactam, nylon 66 salt, nylon 1010 salt, and stearic acid, and a series of PA52/TPU blends compatibilized by maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA-g-MAH) were prepared for use as hot melt adhesives. In the ternary blends (PA52/EVA-g-MAH/TPU), the weight ratio of PA52 to TPU was kept constant at 50/50 and the amount of EVA-g-MAH was varied at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt% over the total weight of the blend, respectively. The solubility parameters were taken into account to describe the partial compatibility of PA52/TPU blends. The effects of EVA-g-MAH content on the melt viscosity, morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of ternary blends were systematically investigated, and the adhesion strength of hot melt adhesives based on the ternary blends were determined in terms of 90° peeling strength tests of Al/adhesive/ABS stacks. The results showed that the melt viscosity of ternary blends were greater than that of PA52/TPU blend, and the blend containing 6 wt% EVA-g-MAH exhibited an optimal miscibility behavior and excellent mechanical properties, at the same time, its peeling strength reached the maximum (120 N/25 mm).     

相容剂对PC/ABS合金性能的影响

研究了自制的两种相容剂对PC／ABS合金的力学性能、应力开裂性能和熔体流动速率的影响,并用SEM研究了共混体系的相容性。结果表明,相容剂A[(苯乙烯／马来酸酐）共聚物]和相容剂B（ABS接枝共聚物）,均可提高共混体系中两组分的相容性。A、B的最佳用量分别为2％和5％。     

ABS/PMMA合金流变行为的研究

对丙烯腈 丁二烯 苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)合金的流变行为进行了较详细的研究。内容包括:不同配比ABS PMMA混合物的熔体表观粘度随温度的变化;不同配比ABS PMMA混合物的熔体表观粘度随剪切速率的变化;相同配比ABS PMMA(70 30)混合物的熔体表观粘度随温度及剪切速率的变化。研究结果表明,ABS PMMA混合物熔体表观粘度随着体系中PMMA含量的增加而逐渐升高;高PMMA含量的ABS PM MA混合物的熔体表观粘度对温度更敏感。     

TPU对ABS熔融沉积成型性能的影响

采用熔融共混制备丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物/热塑性聚氨酯（ABS/TPU）3D打印耗材,通过熔融沉积成型（FDM）制备标准测试样条,并对ABS/TPU体系的成型性能、力学性能、微观结构、流变性能进行研究。结果表明,TPU改性ABS的成型性能均优于未改性ABS,当TPU质量分数大于20 %时,成型过程不发生翘曲收缩现象;同时有较好的力学性能,缺口冲击强度为18.81 kJ/m2比纯ABS提高了95.94 %,拉伸强度为32.92 MPa,下降了8.5 %;TPU质量分数大于20 %时,材料发生韧性断裂,并随TPU的增加,断面粗糙程度增加,有空洞现象;ABS/TPU具有较好的相容性,且随TPU含量增加,ABS/TPU分子链扩散能力增加。     

熔纺氨纶的流变性能

研究了聚氨酯(TPU)切片、氨纶无油丝和不同混合比例的TPU与交联剂的混合物的流变性能,发现4种样品在熔融状态下均为切力变稀流体,熔体的剪切黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小;交联剂加入越多,熔体剪切黏度越大,在同样剪切速率下其熔融温度越高;随着熔融温度提高,熔体的剪切黏度减小。目前纺丝生产的经验值是TPU切片的熔融温度约为210℃,熔体管路及纺丝箱的温度约在200℃左右。     

Studies on thermal stability and behaviour of polyacetal and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer blends

The influence of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer on the rigidity of polyacetal (polyoxymethylene, POM) was studied by determining heat deflection temperature (HDT). The higher the content of TPU in the POM/TPU blend, the lower the HDT of the blend, as would be expected. A comparative study of the recycle capability of POM and the blends was carried out by measuring melt flow index (MFI) on each successive extrusion. Stress-strain behaviour of the virgin material and that obtained after fourth-time extrusion was analysed for POM and the blends. The effect of γ-radiation on the mechanical behaviour of the blends was investigated. The kinetics of thermal degradation of POM, TPU and their blends was studied. The kinetic parameters, viz. activation energy and the order of reaction, were established. The values of the activation energy of the blends were found to be higher than those of the POM and TPU, indicating improved stability of the resultant blends.     

回收ABS增韧研究

研究了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)高胶粉(HRP)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SBS)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)对回收ABS的增韧效果.研究表明,ABS高胶粉的增韧效果最佳,而TPU在增韧回收ABS的同时可保持ABS的其他方面的力学性能并提高其流动性.     

Interfacial reaction and its influence on phase morphology and impact properties of modified‐polyacetal/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

The cationic polymerization of 1,3,5‐trioxane, 1,3‐dioxolane and a small amount of 2‐hydroxyacetic acid (HAA) was carried out, and the resulting modified‐polyacetal (POM) was blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in melt. The results of ¹H NMR analysis indicated that HAA was almost incorporated in the modified‐POM, and that the resulting carboxyl end‐group and hydroxyl end‐group in the modified‐POM reacted with TPU during the melt blending. There were many boundary layers between the cavities and matrix in the modified‐POM/TPU (82/18 by weight) blend that was etched with tetrahydrofuran (THF), and the diameter of the cavities became ～0.3–1 μm long when the blending time reached 10 min. The results of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the modified‐POM/TPU blend had a good compatibility because of the interfacial reaction between the modified‐POM and TPU phase in the blend. The modified‐POM/TPU blend exhibited higher Charpy impact strength when compared with a normal‐POM/TPU blend; the toughness of the modified‐POM/TPU blend attributed to the good compatibility between the two phases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4375–4382, 2006