一维导电聚合物纳米材料的制备及其应用研究进展

一维导电聚合物纳米材料由于具有结构低维、环境稳定性良好、成本低廉、易于合成等优点而备受关注。本文综述了一维导电聚合物纳米材料的制备方法,包括硬模板法、软模板法、界面聚合法、稀溶液聚合法、快速混合聚合法和电化学方法,讨论了各种制备方法的优缺点,并展望了一维导电聚合物纳米材料的应用前景。     

浸润AAO模板组装一维聚合物纳米阵列

以孔径为200 nm的多孔氧化铝膜(AAO)为模板,采用聚合物溶液或熔体浸润模板纳米孔的物理技术,进行了多种一维聚合物纳米阵列的制备研究.结果表明PA66、PP、ABS、TPU、PVDF、PA11等多种聚合物纳米管都能形成规整的阵列.探讨了聚合物性质、制备工艺与一维纳米管结构的关系和机理.     

导电聚合物复合材料作为超级电容器电极材料

本文综述了基于导电聚合物的复合材料(导电聚合物/碳材料、导电聚合物/金属氧化物材料、导电聚合物/碳材料l金属氧化物材料)作为电极材料在超级电容器中的应用进展,指出将导电聚合物与碳材料或金属氧化物复合,双电层电容与法拉第准电容结合,有机材料与无机材料结合,是超级电容器电极材料研究的重要发展方向.     

碳纳米管在锂离子电池中的应用综述

碳纳米管作为新兴的炭纳米材料,具有高导电率、低密度、高拉伸强度等特点.本文简单概述了炭纳米管在锂离子电池方面的应用价值,尤其在锂离子电池负极材料方面的特点.     

基于导电聚合物柔性超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

柔性超级电容器具有灵活性高、充放电速度快、功率密度大、绿色环保、安全性高、成本低等优越性能,在可穿戴电子设备领域具有重要的应用价值。纯导电聚合物电极材料的循环稳定性和电化学性能有限,而导电聚合物复合其他导电材料形成的复合电极能改善其循环稳定性和电化学性能。根据近年来不同导电聚合物基柔性超级电容器电极材料的研究进展,介绍了以导电聚合物(聚苯胺、聚吡咯和聚噻吩)基复合材料作为柔性超级电容器电极材料的制备及其性能研究。     

模板浸润法制备非极性聚合物纳米管和纳米线

以孔径为200 nm的多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)为模板,采用聚合物溶液或熔体浸润模板的物理方法,以非极性通用聚合物为原料,首次制备了非极性聚合物纳米管、纳米线及其阵列结构。对纳米管和纳米线的形貌和结构进行了表征,结果表明对非极性聚合物而言,温度是影响一维纳米结构的主要因素,在较低温度下只能制得纳米线;较高温度下才能得到纳米管。还指出AAO膜纳米孔的高表面效应与熔体的作用能是形成聚合物一维纳米结构的主要驱动力。     

Cu_2SnSe_3纳米管阵列薄膜的制备及表征

一维纳米半导体材料由于其独特的物理、化学特性受到了广泛关注。首先利用在FTO透明导电基底上制备了有序且分布均匀的ZnO纳米片阵列薄膜,并以ZnO阵列薄膜为模板,制备了具有空心纳米管结构的Cu_2SnSe_3阵列薄膜。详细讨论了Cu_2SnSe_3阵列薄膜的制备过程,并利用XRD、SEM和UV-vis等对纳米管阵列薄膜的结构形貌及光学性质进行了分析。     

石墨烯/导电聚合物复合防腐蚀材料制备及应用研究进展

石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料不仅具有石墨烯优异的屏蔽性能和导电聚合物良好的氧化还原特性,还能协同发挥二者的功能,在金属防腐蚀领域有着巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了石墨烯/导电聚合物复合防腐蚀材料的制备方法,包括电化学方法、化学氧化法、分散液混合法和化学气相沉积法（CVD）;并全面总结了石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料在防腐蚀涂层中的应用及性能。制备的石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料可以通过电化学方法、溶剂挥发法制成石墨烯/导电聚合物防腐蚀薄膜涂层,还可以混入成膜物树脂中制备树脂复合防护涂层。讨论了石墨烯/导电聚合物在制备过程、薄膜涂层和树脂复合涂层应用中的优势与不足,提出了构建结构可控、综合性能好的复合防腐涂层是石墨烯/导电聚合物复合防腐蚀材料的未来主要发展趋势。     

美国科学家发现纳米碳管新功能

美国宾夕法尼亚大学研究人员最近在科学杂志上发表文章称 ,他们发现纳米碳管不仅具有良好的导电性能、比钢还要强 1 0 0倍的材料强度 ,同时还是目前世界上最好的导热材料。研究人员介绍说 ,纳米碳管依靠超声波传递热能 ,其传递速度可达到每秒 1万米。他们发现 ,即使将纳米管捆在一起 ,热量也不会从一个纳米管传到另一纳米管 ,这说明纳米碳管只能在一维方向传递热能。研究人员称 ,纳米碳管优异的导热性能将使它成为今后计算机芯片的导热板 ,也可用于发动机、火箭等各种高温部件的防护材料。美国科学家发现纳米碳管新功能…     

多壁碳纳米管复合材料的应用

多壁碳纳米管是一种具有很高的强度、高长径比、质量轻便等一些有益性能的一维纳米材料。从最近几年,多壁碳纳米管及一些纳米管的材料的深入研究来看,它的广阔的应用前景在不断的展现出来。根据一些聚合物为载体,通过对多碳纳米管表面的修饰,制备了多种不同功能的多碳纳米管的复合材料,来支撑未来复合材料领域的发展。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.