基于LabVIEW的太赫兹时域光谱数据处理

太赫兹波段位于红外与微波之间。太赫兹时域光谱技术是一种随着超快激光技术的发展而新兴的、非常有效的相干探测技术,其应用前景已为世界公认。目前各实验室使用的多是基于MatLab和Origin软件处理太赫兹光谱实验数据,但这难以与数据采集程序相结合,所以迫切需要一种更加简便快捷的数据分析手段以适应太赫兹技术的发展。LabVIEW作为一种图形化编程语言具有许多优势。本文概述了太赫兹技术及太赫兹时域光谱,介绍了利用LabVIEW提取太赫兹时域光谱数据并进行分析的方法,通过实例并与其它两种工具处理的结果进行了比较,三种方法的结果完全吻合,证明了这种方法的可靠性。与数据采集程序相结合,我们的工作为太赫兹光谱实验提供了有力的数据分析工具。     

红外高光谱干涉仪辐射定标误差敏感性因子的仿真分析

鉴于对高精度高时空分辨率大气探测资料日益增长的科研和业务需求,我国正大力发展星载红外高光谱探测系统。星载红外高光谱干涉仪光机结构复杂,仪器状态会显著影响其定标精度。本文通过理论分析和仿真实验,分别讨论了内黑体发射率、低温黑体发射率、内黑体与环境温度差、非线性系数以及直流电压演算等误差敏感性因子影响辐射定标精度的特征。分析表明定标辐射偏差的绝对值与内黑体/低温黑体发射率呈线性关系,且与内黑体与环境温度差、非线性系数、直流电压呈正相关;提高内黑体发射率和低温黑体发射率到0.985以上、控制内黑体与环境温度差在0.6 K左右、控制干涉仪的非线性效应系数低于0.04,这些方案均是实现0.1 K辐射定标精度的必要条件;辐射定标参数对定标辐射的影响特征结合地面真空实验的定标参数估计,可以迭代得到已测得和未知的定标参数的最优估计,从而提高定标精度。本文的研究结果对于红外高光谱干涉仪的参数设计以及辐射定标误差来源的识别和订正有着十分重要的意义。     

材料光谱发射率精密测量装置

采用光栅单色仪方案研究了光谱发射率的测量装置,以加热方式将材料样品温度控制在473～1 000 K,可在2～15 μm测量样品的定向光谱发射率.应用锁相放大技术和统计测量方法提高样品与黑体的辐射亮度比较测量的信噪比.对测量装置性能进行了评价实验,并提出一种双黑体法评价光谱辐射测量系统的线性度.测量了氧化不锈钢样品和高发射率涂料的光谱发射率并进行了不确定度评定,合成标准不确定度小于0.04.     

石蜡在红外波段的定性研究

石油产品中间馏分燃料中的石蜡结晶是石油工业中的重要问题,这使得预测石蜡结构和性能至关重要。本文采用太赫兹时域光谱和中红外光谱测试相结合的方法,研究了不同熔点的石蜡在红外波段的光学性能和光谱特性。实验结果得到石蜡在在太赫兹波段和中红外波段对应于不同的共振吸收机理,吸收系数随着熔点的变化呈线性趋势,可以用于在线监测石蜡的熔点。     

红外目标模拟器辐射校准方法的研究

在利用红外目标模拟器对红外成像系统进行性能检测和定标之前,需要先对其输出的有效辐射进行校准,而现有的辐射校准方法没有考虑到红外目标模拟器自身光机结构所产生的背景辐射.建立了考虑到红外目标模拟器背景辐射的辐射校准模型,可同时确定红外目标模拟器中平行光管的透过率和背景辐射,并据此得到红外目标模拟器的有效辐亮度.分析了该校准方法的不确定度,在3.7～4.8 μm、8～9.2 μm波段分别为4.2％、3.5％.最后,利用中波和长波红外相机,对由HFY-302B黑体和LPS300离轴平行光管组成的红外目标模拟器在3.7～4.8 μm、8～9.2 μm波段的有效辐射进行校准实验,给出了辐射校准结果.     

辐射光谱测温法测量误差实验研究

针对辐射光谱测温法测量误差问题,利用黑体炉搭建了标准辐射测温实验平台,选用200~1 100nm波段光谱仪对标准高温源进行辐射光谱测量。讨论了高温源辐射光谱特征,并基于辐射光谱测温法获得了温度测量值,该值与标准参考值的相对偏差小于4%,同时分析了测量重复性引起的标准不确定度分量,为辐射测温法应用提供参考。     

辐射温度计的等效波长及其应用

经典的有效波长和亮度温度理论仅适用于高温测量等可忽略环境辐射影响的场合.考虑了环境辐射影响,基于中值定理推导并定义等效波长,用于简化测温数学模型.用有效辐射和等效波长概念定义单色和带通辐射温度计的测量结果--亮度温度.阐述了等效波长的计算方法.利用矩形带通光谱响应近似模型,解决了难以测定光谱响应度的宽带辐射温度计的等效波长计算问题.针对(8～14)μm宽带辐射温度计计算了等效波长,可简化计算和不确定度评定.在应用实例中分析了黑体辐射源发射率对宽带辐射温度计校准的影响和用黑体辐射源直接校准发射率设定值为0.95的宽带辐射温度计的方法误差.     

红外探测器件在低温背景下的探测率测试

建立了红外探测器件低温背景探测率测试系统,实验研究了红外探测器件在低温背景下的探测特性,用于支持红外探测低温光学系统的合理设计.首先,介绍并分析了红外探测系统的噪声和响应特性,建立了低温光学系统设计与红外探测器件在低温背景下探测性能之间的关系;在热真空环境下搭建了基于变温面源黑体的低温背景探测率测试系统.然后,针对某红外器件在低温背景下的探测率进行了实验测量.最后,通过计算得到了低温背景下极限积分时间及探测特性相对于常温背景下的一般变化规律.实验结果表明:低温背景下极限积分时间及探测率均比常温背景下提高近20倍,提出的测试技术可为低温光学系统的指标设计提供依据与参考.     

煤炭中氢含量与挥发分的太赫兹时域光谱研究

本文应用太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)研究了具有一系列不同氢含量和挥发分的煤炭标准物质在太赫兹波段的光学性质.结果表明,煤炭样品的氢含量与挥发分在太赫兹波段内的吸收系数和介电常数实部均存在负线性关系,符合成矿理论中氢含量与挥发分的真实关系,预示了太赫兹波谱技术将在煤质氢含量及挥发分的研究方面提供了高效的实验方法.     

太赫兹时域光谱系统光斑大小和位置的测量

本文利用太赫兹时域光谱系统本身的电磁波探测装置具有可测量电磁波的相位、振幅的特点,根据其获得的原始时域光谱信号,设计了一套适用于太赫兹时域光谱系统中太赫兹束光斑大小和位置的测量装置,论述其理论依据.该测量装置不需要辅助电源电路,结构简单、价格低廉、便于携带和制作且测量方法简单实用,为太赫兹时域光谱系统的现场矫正和快速调节提供了一种有效的手段.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.