Sensory Characteristics of Apple Juice Evaluated by Consumer and Trained Panels

ABSTRACT: To identify sensory characteristics of unclarified apple juice and to compare unclarified and clarified types, 140 consumers and 10 trained panelists evaluated 16 commercial apple juice samples (4 clarified and 12 unclarified). Unclarified and clarified juices were clearly separated by the first principal component (PC1), whose main factor was fresh, green, and sweet aroma. It was difficult to predict consumer preference by regression models using trained panel preference and analytical attributes. Mapping consumers' overall preferences on a sensory profile made by PC1 and PC2, the consumer panel preferred apple juice with moderately increased fresh and green aroma and thoroughly decreased sour and astringent.     

Sensory Acceptability of Foods Containing Australian Sweet Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Flour

ABSTRACT: Foods containing Australian sweet lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius ) flour (ASLF) were assessed by consumer panelists ( n = 54) in comparison to wheat flour (control) and defatted soy flour (DFSF) products. All ASLF products were rated in the acceptable half of the evaluation scale. General acceptability of ASLF chocolate chip cookies and breakfast bars was rated similarly to the control and DFSF variants ( P > 0.05). ASLF pasta was rated lower than control but higher than DFSF pasta ( P < 0.05), whereas ASLF addition reduced the general acceptability of muffins and bread ( P < 0.05) compared with the other variants. Some ASLF products appeared palatable whereas ASLF incorporation rate in others requires reduction.     

中温发酵酸乳的游离氨基酸、脂肪酸和感官特性的研究

采用正交设计试验研究了球杆菌比例、全脂乳浓度、发酵终点以及蔗糖添加量对中温发酵酸乳的风味和游离氨基酸、脂肪酸含量的影响。以9个不同的酸乳工艺配方为研究对象,采用主成分分析法(PCA)研究了不同样品的感官特征和游离氨基酸,脂肪酸含量。采用偏最小二乘回归分析法(PLSR)研究了感官结果和仪器测定结果的相关性。结果表明,球杆菌比例和全脂乳浓度是影响奶香味酸味、游离氨基酸量,脂肪酸量的重要因素。偏最小二乘回归分析表明酸乳气味与脂肪酸相关性较强,而风味和余味与游离氨基酸相关性强。     

Impact of Almond Form and Moisture Content on Texture Attributes and Acceptability

The objectives of this study were to measure sensory texture attributes of 5 types of almonds (blanched slivered, natural sliced, whole blanched, whole dry roasted, and natural whole) conditioned at 4 different moisture levels, to measure liking of a subset of these products, and to compare the sensory texture measurements with consumer liking ratings. Thirteen panelists trained to evaluate almond texture rated the texture attributes of the 20 almond samples. A panel of 113 almond consumers rated their liking of a subset of 8 of these almonds. Compared with the whole almonds, sliced and slivered almonds had less hardness, less crunchiness, less cohesiveness, less tooth packing, and required fewer chews and swallows to consume. Compared with slivered almonds, sliced almonds were more powdery, had more surface roughness, more loose particles, and were crisper. Compared with slivered almonds, sliced almonds were less hard, broke into fewer pieces, had less moistness and cohesiveness of mass, less fatty film, and required fewer chews and fewer swallows to consume. Dry roasted almonds were generally harder, more crisp, more crunchy, and produced more loose particles than natural almonds, which were, in turn, more hard, crisp, and crunchy than blanched almonds. As moisture content increased, moistness of mass and cohesiveness of mass increased. Crispness, number of pieces, hardness, crunchiness, persistence of crunch, and particulate mass decreased with increasing moisture content. Consumer texture liking ratings were highly positively correlated with the attributes crispness, crunchiness, and persistence of crunch.     

花香绿茶的香气成分分析

本研究分析了四个品种花香绿茶的香气成分,并和乌龙茶作对比。研究发现,晒青和摊放工序是形成花香绿茶特征香气及香型的关键。经GC和GC/MS分析鉴定,构成花香绿茶的主要香气成分为芳樟醇及其氧化物、水杨酸甲酯、香叶醇、己酸-顺-3-乙己烯酯、丁香烯、-法呢烯、橙花叔醇、茉莉酮酸甲酯、6,10,14-三甲基十五烷酮及邻苯二甲酸二丁酯等。花香绿茶的香型由各香气成分的组成、含量及其各自阈值决定。     

典型名优绿茶香气化学研究进展

优越的茶香品质是名优绿茶的突出特征之一,它们的香气总体相似又各具特色。选取了洞庭碧螺春、西湖龙井、信阳毛尖、黄山毛峰4种典型名优绿茶,结合绿茶的成分与加工特点,分析了名优绿茶中的香气物质的来源及其理化性质,并对比其感官品质和香气组成。茶树的品种和生长环境、茶叶制作工艺以及贮藏条件等因素都对不同种类的名优绿茶在香气品质表现上的差异有着复杂的影响,今后,对上述名优绿茶香气影响因子的作用机理与调控方法的进一步深入研究仍将是名优绿茶香气化学的重要发展方向。