A zonal congestion management approach using ac transmission congestion distribution factors

In a deregulated electricity market, one of the major concerns of system operator (SO) is to ensure the free and fair electricity trading while maintaining system security and stability in meeting the pool and contract demands. Achieving a commercially transparent and technically feasible solution during transmission congestion, therefore, poses a great challenge to SO. Transmission congestion distribution factors (TCDF) based on sensitivity of ac power flow in the lines due to the unit change in the power injection at the buses have been proposed by which the congestion zones are identifies to reschedule the generators and loads in that zone for the congestion management. A conceptually reasonable and computationally feasible approach for the solution of this problem has been developed and is illustrated on two test systems having both pool and contracts loads.     

Genetic algorithm-based fuzzy multi-objective approach to congestion management using FACTS devices

This paper investigates a novel optimization-based methodology for placement of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices in order to avoid congestion in the transmission lines while increasing static security margin and voltage profile of a given power system. The optimizations are carried out on the basis of location, size, and number of FACTS devices. Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) are two FACTS devices which are implemented in this investigation to achieve the determined objectives. The problem is formulated according to Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) problem in the first stage to accurately evaluate static security margin with congestion alleviation constraint in the presence of FACTS devices and estimated annual load profile. In the next stage a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based fuzzy multi-objective optimization approach is used to find the best trade-off between conflicting objectives. The IEEE 14-bus test system is selected to validate the proposed approach.     

Decentralized congestion mitigation in HV distribution grids with large penetration of renewable generation

The integration of large amounts of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is a great challenge for the operation of current power systems. In the Italian HV distribution system the main threat to security is caused by congestions that are likely to result in significant RES curtailment. This paper proposes an automatic procedure to be implemented in the Substations Automation Systems (SASs) to locally define control actions to mitigate congestions in such a way that RES curtailment is minimized. The algorithm assumes a reduced set of available data, simple computations and is especially designed to operate on-line as a decentralized automation function. Hence, the methodology intentionally avoids burdensome computations: it neither requires the knowledge of the complete network structure nor imposes any particularly strict requirement on the communication system. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is shown with reference to a real model of a section of the Italian 150 kV grid.     

电力市场下的传输阻塞管理

对开放的电力市场环境（电力联营体模式）下的输电调度模型进行了研究。分析了以社会福利最大化（系统运行成本最小化）为优化目标的输电调度模型，指出其存在的一些不足，报价曲线和成本曲线的区别使模型中的优化目标难以实现；输电设施投资的回收难以得到保障，难以体现输电调度机构的市场功能。在此基础上，建立了以最大化电力市场交易量为优化目标的输电调度模型，对算例计算结果的对比、分析表明；新模型能较好地解决原模型中存在的问题，保证市场竞争的公平性，并且能消除由阻塞引起的交易盈余。     

一种考虑风险厌恶程度与阻塞抵抗性的 配电网阻塞管理方法

为评估大规模分布式可再生能源发电和灵活性负荷的不确定性对配电网线路阻塞的影响,基于效用理论和灵活性能力提出了一种计及不同程度越限风险的厌恶程度和置信区间外潜在阻塞风险抵御能力的配电网阻塞调度管理方法。综合配电线路阻塞概率、阻塞严重程度和风险厌恶程度三方面要素构建阻塞风险评估模型。以阻塞线路功率传输方向定义线路阻塞类型,分区域考虑线路阻塞造成的实际影响,在置信区间外以燃气轮机、储能系统和可中断负荷的灵活性供给能力对潜在阻塞风险的应对程度反映系统的阻塞抵抗性水平。以配电系统网损体现配电网的经济效益,以虚拟电厂收益呈现分布式发电的规模化效益。由此构建配电系统安全经济调度的多目标优化模型。最后,基于IEEE33节点系统对所提模型进行分析与验证。结果表明基于该方法生成的日前调度计划在兼顾经济效益的同时,可有效降低系统阻塞风险并增强对潜在阻塞风险的抵御能力。     

一种综合阻塞成本分摊与金融输电权的阻塞管理方法

在电力市场环境中,将阻塞成本的合理分摊与一种新型的金融输电权相结合以进行阻塞管理。在两个电流分解公理的基础上,分三种不同的网络情况阐明了阻塞成本分别在发电侧和用户侧分摊的思想。提出的新型金融输电权,没有容量大小的区别,也没有输电权数量的限制,购买价格完全由交易商自己决定,交易结束后按各交易商当初的输电权购买价格来进行阻塞补偿费用结算。通过建立阻塞基金池,使得规避阻塞风险的金融补偿金有了具体的来源,因此,输电权的具体实施变得真正可行。     

Transmission congestion management in an electricity market

Managing transmission congestion in an unbundled electric power system poses a challenge to an independent system operator (ISO). This paper considers an open transmission dispatch environment in which pool and bilateral/multilateral dispatches coexist and proceeds to develop a congestion management strategy for this scenario. Prioritization of electricity transactions and related curtailment strategies are explored and a mechanism for coordination between market participants to achieve additional economic advantages is described     

计及动态安全的电力市场输电阻塞管理

在开放的电力市场中,随着新的交易模式的出现以及市场参与者的不断增多,保证系统的安全性和可靠性就尤为重要.提出了计及系统动态安全的电力市场输电阻塞管理模型.当发生故障以后,通过重新分配发电机有功出力和负荷量可以保证系统是动态安全的.通过包含联营交易和双边交易的5节点系统验证了该方法的可行性.     

一种综合阻塞成本分摊与金融输电权的阻塞管理方法

在电力市场环境中,将阻塞成本的合理分摊与一种新型的金融输电权相结合以进行阻塞管理.在两个电流分解公理的基础上,分三种不同的网络情况阐明了阻塞成本分别在发电侧和用户侧分摊的思想.提出的新型金融输电权,没有容量大小的区别,也没有输电权数量的限制,购买价格完全由交易商自己决定,交易结束后按各交易商当初的输电权购买价格来进行阻塞补偿费用结算.通过建立阻塞基金池,使得规避阻塞风险的金融补偿金有了具体的来源,因此,输电权的具体实施变得真正可行.     

电力市场下实时阻塞管理研究

提出了实时电力市场中基于调整报价的计及可中断负荷的阻塞管理模型,该模型将电力市场下的实时阻塞管理问题描述为调整费用最小的非线性规划问题,其特点是方法简单可靠.可中断负荷的引入,增加了一种处理实时紧急情况的手段,使实时阻塞管理更加灵活,采用该模型对IEEE30节点系统进行阻塞管理仿真计算,并与未考虑可中断负荷阻塞管理模型的计算结果进行比较分析,结果表明所提出的模型在消除网络阻塞的同时可以大大减小调整费用并确保电力系统安全稳定运行.     

Optimal location of FACTS devices for congestion management

This paper presents a simple and efficient model for optimizing the location of FACTS devices used for congestion management by controlling the device parameters. Congestion management using FACTS devices requires a two-step approach. First, the optimal location of the devices in the network must be ascertained and then, the settings of the control parameters optimized. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated using a 5-bus system.     

电力市场下实时阻塞管理研究

提出了实时电力市场中基于调整报价的计及可中断负荷的阻塞管理模型,该模型将电力市场下的实时阻塞管理问题描述为调整费用最小的非线性规划问题,其特点是方法简单可靠。可中断负荷的引入,增加了一种处理实时紧急情况的手段,使实时阻塞管理更加灵活。采用该模型对IEEE30节点系统进行阻塞管理仿真计算,并与未考虑可中断负荷阻塞管理模型的计算结果进行比较分析。结果表明所提出的模型在消除网络阻塞的同时可以大大减小调整费用并确保电力系统安全稳定运行。     

Centralized and decentralized optimal decision support for congestion management

This paper presents a framework to carry out optimal power flow in a coordinated multi-transaction/utilities decentralized system. An AC power flow model has been used in this work for independent optimal dispatch of each utility. The global economic optimal solution of the whole electric energy system with congestion management has also been done in this work using the interior point (IP) optimization procedure. In this approach, each participant tries to maximize its own profit with the help of information announced by the operator which are information related to system security constraints and public issues. The developed algorithm can be run in parallel, either to carry out numerical simulations or to obtain an optimal generation schedule in an actual multi-utility electric system. The study has been conducted on a three utility modified IEEE-30 bus system with two market models and six utility modified IEEE-118 bus system. The results clearly show the effectiveness of the suggested IP optimization based optimal generation schedule in decentralized scenario. It has been demonstrated that the suggested decentralized approach produces improved optimal dispatch solution with enhanced market benefits and can effectively manage the congestion in the system as compared to the centralized approach.     

Location of unified power flow controller for congestion management

This paper presents the development of simple and efficient models for suitable location of unified power flow controller (UPFC), with static point of view, for congestion management. Two different objectives have been considered and the results are compared. Installation of UPFC requires a two-step approach. First, the proper location of these devices in the network must be ascertained and then, the settings of its control parameters optimized. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated on two test systems.     

区域电力市场阻塞管理方法评述

电力市场化改革要求开放本地市场,开展跨区交易,促进竞争,其主要目的是提高市场效率,降低电价。但是,跨区交易同时也带来了一些重要问题,区域间的阻塞就是一个不可忽视的问题。对近年来国外提出的跨区域阻塞管理方法进行评述,比较了他们的特点,从中得出了一些结论,为进一步研究跨区交易的输电服务、制定合理的跨区交易的输电价格提供参考。并对我国的跨区域阻塞管理提出一些建议。     

Pool模式下基于报价的传输阻塞管理

对pool模式下的传输阻塞管理进行了研究。首先分析了社会福利最大化的传输阻塞管理方法的不足之处:报价曲线和成本曲线的差别使得模型中的优化目标难以实现,产生阻塞盈余。在此基础上,提出了基于报价的传输阻塞管理模型,算例分析表明,和最大化社会福利的阻塞管理方法相比,新方法能产生较多的市场交易量,且能消除阻塞盈余的产生,为电力市场下的阻塞管理提供了一条新思路。     

输电阻塞管理中考虑用户支付意愿的综合方法

电力市场环境下，输电阻塞的发生概率加大。当间接阻塞管理不能奏效的情况下，只能由直接阻塞管理来消除。在灵敏度法直接阻塞管理的基础上，引人反映电网用户用电效益的用户支付意愿及其在IL辅助市场中的中标信息，用层次分析法加以综合，并采用广义最小排序方法快速确定用户节点的负荷削减量，既保证了为消除阻塞而削减负荷后的总社会福利损失尽可能小，又可实现实时运行中的快速阻塞管理。     

区域电力市场阻塞管理方法评述

电力市场化改革要求开放本地市场,开展跨区交易,促进竞争,其主要目的是提高市场效率,降低电价.但是,跨区交易同时也带来了一些重要问题,区域间的阻塞就是一个不可忽视的问题.对近年来国外提出的跨区域阻塞管理方法进行评述,比较了他们的特点,从中得出了一些结论,为进一步研究跨区交易的输电服务、制定合理的跨区交易的输电价格提供参考.并对我国的跨区域阻塞管理提出一些建议.     

金融输电权和输电期权在输电阻塞管理中应用

在电力市场中,输电阻塞是影响电网安全运行的重要因素,也是影响市场电价水平的重要方面。如何消除由于阻塞带来的价格风险是输电阻塞管理研究的热点．分析了金融输电权FTR(Financial Transmission Right)规避阻塞风险的基本原理、特点和不足。在此基础上引入了输电期权T0(Transmission0ption)概念,它有效规避了由于阻塞给市场参与者带来的风险,并且克服了金融输电权反向潮流的缺点,对于输电期权的特点进行了实例说明．并且与金融输电权进行了比较分析。最后,指出输电期权为输电阻塞管理提供了一个可行的研究方向。     

Pool模式下基于报价的传输阻塞管理

对pool模式下的传输阻塞管理进行了研究.首先分析了社会福利最大化的传输阻塞管理方法的不足之处:报价曲线和成本曲线的差别使得模型中的优化目标难以实现,产生阻塞盈余.在此基础上,提出了基于报价的传输阻塞管理模型,算例分析表明,和最大化社会福利的阻塞管理方法相比,新方法能产生较多的市场交易量,且能消除阻塞盈余的产生,为电力市场下的阻塞管理提供了一条新思路.