模拟三维杂散损耗的第21国际基准问题

本文介绍由作者提出并被国际ＴＥＡＭ指导委员批准的以电力变压器杂散损耗为工程背景的第２１国际基准问题，以及对其进行的在维涡流场，杂散损耗分析及实验验证，并讨论三维涡流研究成果的工程应用前景。     

A value-based probabilistic approach to designing urban distribution systems

Achieving high distribution reliability levels and concurrently minimizing capital costs can be viewed as a problem of optimization. Assuming given outage rates and repair times, distribution system design is the remaining factor in determining customer reliability. Including customer value of reliability in an economic analysis allows for optimization of the major components of distribution system design. Using mathematical models and simulations, a comparison of design concepts can be performed to compute the optimal feeder section length, feeder loading level, and distribution substation transformer loading level. The number of feeder ties and feeder tie placement are also optimized through the models. The overall outcome of this analysis is that capital costs can then be directed towards system improvements that will be most cost-effective in improving system reliability. This paper presents a value-based probabilistic approach to designing urban distribution systems. The value-based reliability methodology is illustrated using a practical urban distribution system of MidAmerican Energy Company.     

大型多纵梁矩形渡槽结构静力计算方法研究

根据大型多纵梁矩形渡槽槽身结构及其受力特点，研究了其结构静力计算的方法，并对梁格法、三维实体单元有限元法和实用空间分析法进行了对比。作者提出的实用空间分析法，简单实用又便于配筋，计算结果的精度能满足工程设计的要求。结构设计时可采用作者提出的实用空间法计算内力并进行配筋设计，用三维实体有限元方法校核主要受力断面的应力状态。     

Seeker Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch

Optimal reactive power dispatch problem in power systems has thrown a growing influence on secure and economical operation of power systems. However, this issue is well known as a nonlinear, multimodal and mixed-variable problem. In the last decades, computation intelligence-based techniques, such as genetic algorithms (GAs), differential evolution (DE) algorithms and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms, etc., have often been used for this aim. In this work, a seeker optimization algorithm (SOA)-based reactive power dispatch method is proposed. The SOA is based on the concept of simulating the act of human searching, where the search direction is based on the empirical gradient by evaluating the response to the position changes and the step length is based on uncertainty reasoning by using a simple Fuzzy rule. In this study, the algorithm's performance is evaluated on benchmark function optimization. Then, the SOA is applied to optimal reactive power dispatch on standard IEEE 57- and 118-bus power systems, and compared with conventional nonlinear programming method, two versions of GAs, three versions of DE algorithms and four versions of PSO algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is superior to the other listed algorithms and can be efficiently used for optimal reactive power dispatch.      

某电厂输煤传送带胶接方法的改进

皮带机是电厂输煤系统的重要组成,为进一步提高和完善运行的安全参数和稳定性,结合漳泽电厂2004年输煤设备改造前后的运行情况,以及在运行中出现的一些皮带胶接检修问题,如:输送带的承载和皮带接口的使用寿命短等缺陷,从实际工作角度就如何合理应用新型皮带操作工艺(热硫化胶接法)和施工后的使用效果进行了阐述,并对常用的皮带胶接操作工艺进行了系统的分析。对保障输煤设备安全运行和有效延长输送带接口的使用寿命有一定的实践意义。     

A more efficient formulation for computation of the maximum loadingpoints in electric power systems

This paper presents a more efficient formulation for computation of the maximum loading points of power systems. A distinguishing feature of the new formulation is that it is of dimension (n+1), instead of the existing formulation of dimension (2n+1), for n-dimensional load flow equations. This feature makes computation of the maximum loading points very inexpensive in comparison with those required in the existing formulation. A theoretical basis for the new formulation is provided. The new problem formulation is derived by using a simple reparameterization scheme and exploiting the special properties of the power flow model. Moreover, the proposed test function is shown to be monotonic in the vicinity of a maximum loading point. Therefore, it allows one to monitor the approach to maximum loading points during the solution search process. Simulation results on a 234-bus power system are presented     

An intelligent θ-Modified Bat Algorithm to solve the non-convex economic dispatch problem considering practical constraints

This paper proposes a practical formulation for the non-convex economic dispatch problem to consider multi-fuel options, ramp rate limits, valve loading effect, prohibited operating zones and spinning reserve. A new optimization algorithm based on the θ-bat algorithm (θ-BA) is suggested to solve the problem. The θ-BA converts the Cartesian search space into the polar coordinates such that more search ability would be achieved. According to the complex, nonlinear, and constrained nature of the problem, a new self-adaptive modification method is proposed. The proposed modified θ-BA (θ-MBA) is constructed based on the roulette wheel mechanism to effectively increase the convergence of the algorithm. The high ability and satisfying performance of the proposed optimization method is examined on IEEE 15-unit, 40-unit and 100-unit test systems.     

Quantum-Inspired Particle Swarm Optimization for Valve-Point Economic Load Dispatch

Economic load dispatch (ELD) is an important topic in the operation of power plants which can help to build up effective generating management plans. The ELD problem has nonsmooth cost function with equality and inequality constraints which make it difficult to be effectively solved. Different heuristic optimization methods have been proposed to solve this problem in previous study. In this paper, quantum-inspired particle swarm optimization (QPSO) is proposed, which has stronger search ability and quicker convergence speed, not only because of the introduction of quantum computing theory, but also due to two special implementations: self-adaptive probability selection and chaotic sequences mutation. The proposed approach is tested with five standard benchmark functions and three power system cases consisting of 3, 13, and 40 thermal units. Comparisons with similar approaches including the evolutionary programming (EP), genetic algorithm (GA), immune algorithm (IA), and other versions of particle swarm optimization (PSO) are given. The promising results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method and show that it could be used as a reliable tool for solving ELD problems.      

Optimised placement of control and protective devices in electric distribution systems through reactive tabu search algorithm

Optimised placement of control and protective devices in distribution networks allows for a better operation and improvement of the reliability indices of the system. Control devices (used to reconfigure the feeders) are placed in distribution networks to obtain an optimal operation strategy to facilitate power supply restoration in the case of a contingency. Protective devices (used to isolate faults) are placed in distribution systems to improve the reliability and continuity of the power supply, significantly reducing the impacts that a fault can have in terms of customer outages, and the time needed for fault location and system restoration. This paper presents a novel technique to optimally place both control and protective devices in the same optimisation process on radial distribution feeders. The problem is modelled through mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) with real and binary variables. The reactive tabu search algorithm (RTS) is proposed to solve this problem. Results and optimised strategies for placing control and protective devices considering a practical feeder are presented.     

Heuristic rule-based phase balancing of distribution systems by considering customer load patterns

In this paper, a heuristic backtracking search algorithm is proposed to adjust the phasing arrangement of primary feeders and laterals for phase balancing of distribution systems. The phase unbalance index of distribution feeders is calculated based on the phasing current magnitude of each line segment and branch, which has been solved by a three-phase load flow program. The database of an automated mapping/facility management (AM/FM) system is used to retrieve the component attributes, and the topology process is executed to determine the electrical network configuration and the customers served by each distribution transformer. By using the monthly energy consumption of customers in customer information system (CIS) and the typical daily load patterns of customer classes, the hourly loading profiles of distribution transformers and service zones can be derived to solve the individual phase loadings of each primary feeder and lateral. The phase balancing of distribution systems is enhanced by heuristic rule-based searching process to minimize the phase unbalance index. To demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed methodology, a practical distribution feeder with 2754 customers is selected for computer simulation to enhance three-phase balancing of distribution systems. It is concluded that three-phase balancing of distribution systems can be obtained by considering customer load characteristics.     

河北廊坊软件外包基地项目空调系统能效研究

广泛推广应用电力热泵、蓄能技术,对于有效落实国家节能减排政策,合理使用电力资源具有重要的现实意义.以典型客户为案例,对客户热泵、蓄能项目建设运行成本和企业收益情况进行综合分析,以期为企业决策和推广需求侧管理项目提供参考.     

High‐speed planning method for cooperative logistics networks using mixed integer programming model and dummy load

Adequate response performance is required for the planning of a cooperative logistic network covering multiple enterprises, because this process needs a human expert's evaluation from many aspects. To satisfy this requirement, we propose an accurate model based on mixed integer programming for optimizing cooperative logistics networks where “round transportation” exists together with “depot transportation” including lower limit constraints of loading ratio for round transportation vehicles. Furthermore, to achieve interactive response performance, a dummy load is introduced into the model instead of integer variables. The experimental result shows the proposed method obtains an accurate solution within interactive response time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(2): 64–70, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20662     

基于无线网络的物流车联网应用层设计研究

车联网是物联网在智能交通系统领域的典型应用,对智能物流调运系统的发展具有重要意义。本文在现有的智能交通仿真平台基础上,设计并开发了基于无线网络的物流车联网演示平台,采用模块化的设计思路,对演示平台的应用层进行设计研究,该系统能够完成网络数据接收、车队实时定位与控制、交通灯的智能监控、场景实时模拟等功能,最终实现智能物流调配。实际测试结果表明,本系统稳定性好,实时性高,操作简便,能够满足物流车联网演示平台的需求。     

大物流体系下随需供应物资管理模式的设计

随着物流业务从简单仓储运输逐步向智慧供应链阶段的发展,信息系统对于建立随需供应的物资供应管理模式提供了必要的技术支持。文章通过对企业物资管理现状以及物流业务发展2方面进行分析,引入"大物流"体系,建立以信息技术为支撑,全局调度中心为灵魂,配送为关键的随需供应物资管理模式,以期对企业物资供应管理提供帮助。     

Information-Theoretic Data Registration for UAV-Based Sensing

This paper presents a new approach to data fusion for automatic recognition, surveillance, and tracking in intelligent transportation systems. Robust data alignment (RDA), i.e., finding relational maps among a sequence of invariant feature data sets, is one of the key requirements for successful data fusion. To achieve RDA for correspondenceless data fusion, we construct a cost criterion based on the information theory and solve an optimization problem with a mixed search strategy that combines the Nelder-Mead simplex and random search methods. We evaluate the cost criterion and search strategy by a numerical stability test and suggest an outlier rejection technique for refining the previous feature data and, at the same time, extracting moving vehicles that are contained in the collected outliers. Experimental results on a video sequence that is collected from an unmanned aerial vehicle indicate the potential of aerial monitoring and tracking systems built on our information-theoretic RDA.     

Immune algorithm combined with estimation of distribution for traveling salesman problem

This paper describes an artificial immune algorithm (IA) combined with estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA), named IA‐EDA, for the traveling salesman problem (TSP). Two components are incorporated in IA‐EDA to further improve the performance of the conventional IA. First, aiming to strengthen the information exchange during different solutions, two kinds of EDAs involving univariate marginal distribution algorithm and population‐based incremental learning are altered based on the permutation representation of TSP. It is expected that new promising candidate solutions can be sampled from the constructed probabilistic model of EDA. Second, a heuristic refinement local search operator is proposed to repair the infeasible solutions sampled by EDA. Therefore, IA‐EDA can alleviate the deficiencies of the conventional IA and can find better solutions for TSP by well balancing the exploitation and exploration of the search. Experiments are conducted based on a number of benchmark instances with size up to 100 000 cities. Simulation results show that IA‐EDA is effective for improving the performance of the conventional IA and can produce better or competitive solutions than other hybrid algorithms. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

中小感应电机定子机械振动特性实用计算的研究

本文把中小型感应电机定予简化为平面问题，采用有限元法，分析计算了它们的固有频率及固有模态。同时，采用8-21节点三维实体单元，利用三维有限元程序作了计算和比较。为了简化计算和工程界使用方便起见，又给出了一套近似计算公式。计算结果表明，有限元法和近似公式均与试验结果吻合较好。     

Design of axial eddy-current couplers

This paper presents different analytical and numerical approaches devoted to the analysis and design of axial eddy-current couplers. The main part of the work regards a pure analytical procedure based on variable separation method (VSM). This methodology requires a preliminary linearization of the structure to reduce the three-dimensional (3-D) problem to a two-dimensional (2-D) one. The 2-D analytical model is compared with 2-D finite-element (FE) analysis and the comparison shows the reliability of the proposed model. The analytical procedure is then largely employed for a detailed parametric study to give useful information to the designer of eddy-current couplers. A double-sided stator with permanent magnets and single and multilayer conductive disk rotors are considered. In order to take into account 3-D effects, two different models are proposed. In the first one the VSM is coupled to a 2-D FE model; in a second model a closed analytical formula allows us to consider 3-D effects. All the models are validated with experimental results and with 3-D FE analysis.     

Truck route planning in nonstationary stochastic networks with time windows at customer locations

Most existing methods for truck route planning assume known static data in an environment that is time varying and uncertain by nature, which limits their widespread applicability. The development of intelligent transportation systems such as the use of information technologies reduces the level of uncertainties and makes the use of more appropriate dynamic formulations and solutions feasible. In this paper, a truck route planning problem called stochastic traveling salesman problem with time windows (STSPTW) in which traveling times along roads and service times at customer locations are stochastic processes is investigated. A methodology is developed to estimate the truck arrival time at each customer location. Using estimated arrival times, an approximate solution method based on dynamic programming is proposed. The algorithm finds the best route with minimum expected cost while it guarantees certain levels of service are met. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

Application of pattern search method to power system security constrained economic dispatch with non-smooth cost function

Direct search methods are evolutionary algorithms used to solve optimization problems. (DS) methods do not require any information about the gradient of the objective function at hand while searching for an optimum solution. One of such methods is Pattern Search (PS) algorithm. This paper presents a new approach based on a constrained pattern search algorithm to solve a security constrained power system economic dispatch problem (SCED) with non-smooth cost function. Operation of power systems demands a high degree of security to keep the system satisfactorily operating when subjected to disturbances, while and at the same time it is required to pay attention to the economic aspects. Pattern recognition technique is used first to assess dynamic security. Linear classifiers that determine the stability of electric power system are presented and added to other system stability and operational constraints. The problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem in a way that insures a secure-economic system operation. Pattern search method is then applied to solve the constrained optimization formulation. In particular, the method is tested using three different test systems. Simulation results of the proposed approach are compared with those reported in literature. The outcome is very encouraging and proves that pattern search (PS) is very applicable for solving security constrained power system economic dispatch problem (SCED). In addition, valve-point effect loading and total system losses are considered to further investigate the potential of the PS technique. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the PS has demonstrated ability in handling highly nonlinear discontinuous non-smooth cost function of the SCED.