空气源热泵回收空调系统排风能量的节能利用探讨

文章对目前空调系统排风中能量回收利用过程中存在的不足进行了理论分析和相关的技术数据比较,提出了基于空气源热泵空调排风的深度节能利用方案,即把空调系统排风引入到空气源热泵室外换热器,利用空调系统的排风具有的能量来加强空气源热泵室外换热器的换热强度,从而提高空气源热泵的制冷、制热系数和机组的制冷(热)量,减少电能消耗。该方案在技术上可行,初投资小、回收年限短、能量回收率高(可以达到100%)、节能效果显著。     

基于复合热源的热泵型空调器

提出将空气-水作为热泵型空调器的复合热源。根据当前的研究状况,初步设计空气-水复合热源热泵型空调器,利用热力学原理分析该空调器的工作循环和特点,结果表明该空调器的制冷性能高于空气源热泵空调器,制热和室外换热器结霜状况得到一定改善。     

Regenerated air cycle potentials in heat pump applications

Air (reversed Brayton) cycle has been utilized in the area of refrigeration and cryogenics for several decades, but its potentials in heat pump applications were longtime underestimated. In this paper, a thermodynamic model for the regenerated air heat pump cycle with practical compressor, expander and regenerated heat exchanger was developed. Based on the model, the relations between the system performance and the operating parameters were analyzed. The optimal heating COP (coefficient of performance) and the corresponding pressure ratio were derived. Then, air heat pump cycles (regenerated cycle and basic cycle) and vapor-compression heat pump cycles (CO₂ trans-critical cycle and R410A subcritical cycle) were numerically compared. The results indicated that the regenerated air heat pump cycle not only gets the heating capacity in line with the heating load under different operating conditions but also achieves higher COP over trans-critical CO₂ heat pump cycle in applications of large temperature difference.     

电驱动低温空气源双作用行波热声热泵

在环境温度低于0℃时,常规空气源热泵会出现压比过高、效率和制冷量急剧下降等问题。为了解决这些问题,提出了电驱动双作用行波热声热泵技术。通过数值计算优化了该新型热泵的结构尺寸,设计出一台电驱动低温环境下运行的双作用行波热声热泵。在环境温度253 K(-20℃),泵热温度323 K(50℃)的条件下,新型热泵的制热系数达到了2.93,相对卡诺效率接近64%,泵热量为4 722.6W,压比仅为1.19。热泵多种运行工况的计算结果表明该热泵能够在效率变化较小的情况下调节泵热量的大小;环境温度和泵热温度的改变对系统的运行状态影响不大;该系统制冷时亦有不俗的表现。双作用行波热声热泵在低环境温度情况下的这些优点使其非常有潜力成为高端热泵技术。     

Energy efficiency analysis of air cycle heat pump dryers

In this paper, the feasibility of an air heat pump (reversed Brayton) cycle for tumbler clothes dryers is investigated. The goal is to increase the energy efficiency as compared to conventional electrically heated driers. Relatively simple models were used to compare the energy efficiency of the heat pump drier with that of a conventional air vented drier. The components were modeled using overall performance indices and thermodynamic relations. An air cycle heat pump dryer with practical components was found to be capable of significant efficiency improvements as compared with conventional dryers.     

Performance comparison between a single-stage and a cascade multi-functional heat pump for both air heating and hot water supply

Multi heat pumps have been widely used in buildings due to their higher energy efficiency. Recently, demands for multi-functional heat pumps, which can provide heating, cooling, and water heating in a building, have been increased. In this study, a cascade multi-functional heat pump, combining a multi heat pump using R410A for air heating with a water heating unit using R134a for hot water supply, was investigated experimentally. The performance of the cascade multi-functional heat pump was measured by varying the refrigerant charge amount, EEV opening, water flow rate, and water inlet temperature. Test results were compared with those of a single-stage multi-functional heat pump using R410A for air and water heating. The cascade multi-functional heat pump adopting the water heating unit showed more stable air and water heating operations and higher water outlet temperatures than the single-stage multi-functional heat pump.     

空气源热泵冷热水机组的系统仿真与实验研究

建立空气源热泵冷热水机组的稳态仿真模型，进行变工况稳态工作性能预测，用FORTRAN90语言编制程序，软件编译环境为POWERSTATION，并在50kW空气源热泵冷热水机组人工环境模拟实验台上进行验证实验，实验结果和仿真计算结果吻合良好。同时，通过实验结果和仿真计算结果分析外界环境温度和供水温度变化时，空气源热泵冷热水机组的系统性能参数和状态参数的变化规律和原因，为系统的优化匹配提供理论依据。     

低温环境下提高空气源热泵热水器性能的研究

本文针对空气源热泵热水器在低温环境下不能稳定运行的现象,提出了带有闪蒸器的空气源热泵系统,在一定程度上解决了传统热泵系统在低温环境运行时存在的缺点。本文还对使用工质R22和R410A的热泵循环分别进行了理论计算,并对结果进行了分析。     

电动汽车热泵空调冷凝器空气侧性能模拟与结构优化

电动汽车热泵空调是用于解决电动汽车冬季无法制热的问题,本文设计一种用于电动汽车热泵空调的新型平行流换热器。通过对换热器的冷凝工况进行数值模拟,得到不同入口速度条件下的换热及阻力特性,并与经验公式进行比较,验证数值模拟的正确性。分析不同的翅片倾斜角度及翅片间距下换热及阻力特性变化,得到优化的结构参数,为电动汽车热泵空调换热器设计提供依据。     

Defrost cycle performance for a circular shape evaporator air source heat pump

Air source heat pumps have numerous advantages in many applications over other heating equipment with regard to energy efficiency. However, there are two main problems with air source heat pumps: (1) heating capacity decreases when the outdoor air temperature becomes lower and (2) when there is frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger surfaces in humid climates. This paper will examine the defrost cycle for a residential heat pump with circular shaped evaporator coil in more detail paying special attention to the high humidity conditions encountered in maritime climates. The investigation was to optimise the efficiency of an air source heat pump operating under a range of conditions that would include defrost. Performance optimisation was achieved through a series of experiments carried out to the EN14511 test standard from which it was possible to note the best defrost initiation condition, defrost operating time and intervals between defrosts that most benefited the performance of the heat pump.     

采用微通道换热器的热泵型空调器性能研究

基于对采用自行研制的微通道换热器的热泵型空调器的实测结果,计算分析采用微通道换热器的热泵型空调器的能效提升效果。结果表明,在保持换热面积一定的情况下,采用微通道换热器可以使热泵型空调器的制冷和制热的能效提高20％以上。     

CO2空气源热泵热水器的研究现状及展望

介绍CO2热泵热水器的国内外研究现状,结合国外已经商品化的热泵热水器,通过分析比较,认为CO2热泵热水器有着节能环保的特点。针对解决CO2热泵热水器的普及问题提出几点建议。     

Performance improvement of air source heat pump using gas-injected rotary compressor through port on blade

Gas injection has been a crucial technology to avoid the serious degradation of air source heat pumps in low ambient temperature. A novel injection structure on the blade for rotary compressors has been put forward in previous research to overcome the drawback of traditional injection structures. Based on a verified numerical model, the thermodynamic performance of an air source heat pump with the new gas-injected rotary compressor is investigated. The results indicate that, compared to the air source heat pump with the regular single-stage rotary compressor, the proposed injection structure can enhance heating capacity and COP of the air source heat pump by 23.1–28.2% and 4.5–8.1%, respectively.     

Using an air cycle heat pump system with a turbocharger to supply heating for full electric vehicles

Air cycle heat pump has large potentials in heating applications. However, a key challenge faced nowadays is the matching problem between its expander and compressor. This paper presents the performance evaluation of an air cycle heat pump system integrated with a turbocharger, a blower and a regenerated heat exchanger. A thermodynamic model for this system is first developed and the relationships between the system performance and the operating parameters are investigated. Then, the performance of three different air cycle heat pumps with a blower installed before the compressor, and a blower installed before the turbine, and with an expander, are numerically simulated. The results indicated that the blower installed before the compressor can achieve a higher heating capacity and thus a higher COP. Finally, the heating power consumption of air cycle heat pump was compared with the PTC and the vapor compression heat pump of the full electric vehicle.     

空气源热泵热水器系统性能分析

为了预测空气源热泵热水器的运行性能,提高系统稳定性和降低能耗,建立空气源热泵热水器系统仿真模型,在焓差实验室对一台水箱容积为150L的一体式空气源热泵热水器样机进行变工况实验以验证模型的准确性,利用所建立的模型研究蒸发器入口空气流速及制冷剂质量流量对机组性能的影响。结果表明:系统制热量和COP都随环境温度的升高而不断增大;系统制热量随蒸发器入口空气流速的增大而呈增大趋势,在达到某值后,系统制热量变化趋于稳定;系统COP随制冷剂质量流量的不断增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,即制冷剂质量流量存在最佳值使得热泵性能系数最高。     

太阳能空气双热源热泵测试与控制方案设计

设计一台三匹压缩机热泵实验台，将太阳能热水系统和空气源热泵结合，介绍该热泵系统的工作原理、结构。系统能够满足不同季节制冷、采暖和供热的需求，根据系统的不同工作模式，热水箱在系统的接入位置可以通过阀门进行灵活切换。为了适应不同工况的能量调节需求，采取对室外机风机和压缩机进行变频控制，并研究在无太阳能作为辅助热源的情况下风机转速和压缩机功率变化对产热能力的影响。关键词太阳能热水器空气源热泵制冷剂气体流量能量调节     

In situ measurement methods of air to air heat pump performance

There is no in situ reliable measurement method of air-to-air heat pump heating performances. This paper tests and validates two methods in laboratory and in steady-state conditions. The first method based on refrigerant fluid measurements determines the refrigerant flow rate by using the compressor thermal balance. In particular, the evaporation pressure is measured by a saturation temperature measurement and the compressor ambient heat losses are evaluated from the heat exchanges. The method uses only non-intrusive sensors, except for the condensation pressure sensor installed at the refrigerant charging plug. The second method based on air measurements determines the air flow rate via a multi-point velocity measurement. According to the experimental results, these methods are fully applicable on field with deviations of 4% and 10%, for the refrigerant method and the air method respectively, when compared to the “etalon” measurement.     

新型大型蓄能式空气源热泵热水机组的探讨

针对国内外传统空气源热泵热水器的研究和应用状况,分析其推广应用存在的弊端。将空气源热泵热水机组与电力的移峰填谷相结合、蓄冷蓄热相结合,并采用新型蓄能式融霜方式,提出一种大型蓄能式空气源热泵热水机组的新流程。详细阐述新系统的工作原理、全年多种高效运行模式以及与常规系统比较所具备的特点,并针对新系统今后的应用和发展提出需要解决的关键技术。     

长沙地区空气源热泵地板采暖系统实测分析

为了了解夏热冬冷地区空气源热泵用于地板采暖系统的运行特性和实际采暖效果，本试验以长沙某栋写字楼的一套办公室为研究对象，对系统在初始运行、连续运行、间歇运行工况下的室内温度、围护结构表面温度、机组供回水温度作了测量，得出相关曲线图，测算出能耗及运行费用情况。基于实测数据。对长沙地区空气源热泵地板采暖系统进行技术经济性分析，并提出相关改进意见。     

带闪蒸器的家用变频空气源热泵试验研究

对带闪蒸器的家用变频空气源热泵在制冷及制热工况下进行测试,结果表明,整机能力和能效在高温制冷及低温制热工况下均有较大幅度的提升,适用于气候工况较为恶劣的地区。