高强耐候钢YQ450NQR1钒氮微合金化

 钒氮微合金化是高强耐候钢YQ450NQR1强化屈服强度的重要途径。钒氮微合金化对高强耐候钢YQ450NQR1性能的影响主要由钒和氮两部分构成,其中钒产生晶粒细化、析出强化的主要作用,氮强化钒的作用。通过高强耐候钢YQ450NQR1的钒氮积[w(V)·w(N)]研究,发现钒和氮质量分数的增加均可提高钢的屈服强度,同时钒和氮也呈乘积的方式对屈服强度产生影响。为保证高强耐候钢YQ450NQR1的屈服强度达到465 MPa,要求钒氮积[w(V)·w(N)]达到0.001 44以上。为提高连铸坯的高温塑性,降低铸坯裂纹发生的敏感性,氮质量分数需控制为0.012%～0.014%。     

增氮对钒微合金钢组织和性能的影响

 通过对不同钒、氮质量分数的试验钢进行热模拟压缩试验和实验室轧制试验,用OM、SEM和TEM分析试验钢的显微组织,研究增氮对钒微合金钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,普通钒微合金钢为板条贝氏体＋粒状贝氏体组织,增加氮质量分数,可促进晶内铁素体相变,得到针状铁素体组织,使M/A组织细化且弥散分布,改善韧性;而增加钒质量分数,可以增加析出强化作用,提高强度,但组织形态无明显变化,不能提高韧性。增氮钢中的钒在奥氏体内以VN析出,低氮钢内的钒在铁素体内以VC的形式析出,奥氏体-铁素体、VC-铁素体和VN-铁素体的平面点阵错配度分别为6.72%、3.89% 和 1.55%,在奥氏体内析出的VN可以作为铁素体的优先形核位置,促进晶内铁素体相变。     

微合金元素V对热塑性的影响

<正>含V、N高的钢的连铸坯容易产生表面横裂纹。钒钢中随氮含量的增加,析出相中碳氮组分会发生明显的变化,低氮情况下,析出相以VC为主,高氮情况下,逐渐转变成以VN为主的析出相,当钢中氮质量分数达到0.02%以上时,在整个析出温度范围,均是析出VN或富氮的V(C,N),颗粒尺寸和间距也明显减小,热塑性降低。V     

YQ450NQR1高强耐候钢表面裂纹成因分析

针对火车车厢中梁用钢YQ450NQR1高强耐候钢的腿部拉裂问题,运用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪对拉裂裂纹形貌进行分析;设计裂纹脱碳模拟试验,探明裂纹两侧发生脱碳的工艺条件并判定裂纹产生工序;通过对铸坯原料进行低倍检测明确与拉裂相对应的连铸坯质量缺陷,并结合检测结果对铸坯缺陷产生原因进行分析。研究结果表明,腿部拉裂缺陷是由严重的铸坯边部皮下网状裂纹造成的,而钢水在结晶器中冷却不均匀、残余元素含量高以及氮含量波动范围过大是造成皮下网状裂纹的主要原因。通过采取措施,YQ450NQR1钢腿部拉裂率由原来的0.5%~3.5%稳定控制在1%以下。     

含钒新型建筑耐候钢的耐蚀及耐磨性能研究

在Q450NQR1中添加不同含量钒制备含钒新型建筑耐候钢,并对其进行了显微组织、耐蚀性和耐磨性的测试与分析。钒含量对Q450NQR1含钒新型建筑耐候钢试样的腐蚀性能和磨损性能影响较显著。与未添加钒含量的Q450NQR1试样相比,添加0.5%钒的Q450NQR1-0.5V的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨损性能最佳,腐蚀速率减小了45.47%、磨损体积减小了34.38%。从优化含钒新型建筑耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨损性能的角度出发,钒含量优选为0.5%。     

含氮高锰奥氏体热作模具钢析出相的研究

利用Thermo-Calc软件对含氮高锰奥氏体热作模具钢凝固过程进行了计算,利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了退火态组织和析出相,对碳氮化钒沉淀析出行为进行定量理论计算,研究碳氮化钒在奥氏体中析出规律和碳氮化钒中C与N元素互相置换行为.结果表明:电渣锭经过830℃退火后的组织为γ-Fe+MC+M_2C,MC相几乎与奥氏体同时析出,通过扫描电镜和能谱分析可知MC为富钒的V(C,N),M_2C为富钼的合金碳化物,MC相形貌为不规则多边条状或片状,M_2C相形貌呈鱼骨状或螺旋状.在凝固过程中先析出VN,因此高温下平衡析出的碳氮化钒明显富氮;随着温度降低,C、N、V元素固溶量均逐渐降低,由于C从奥氏体中析出相对含量比N多并且C置换VN中的N元素,因此低温下平衡析出的碳氮化钒明显富碳.     

加速腐蚀环境下高强耐候钢Q450NQR1的耐蚀性能研究

Q450NQR1是以Cu,Cr,Ni合金化为主的屈服强度达450 MPa以上的高强耐候钢,其耐大气腐蚀性能是决定使用性能的重要指标之一.通常利用加速腐蚀试验采用失重法表征耐候钢的耐大气腐蚀性能.通过周期浸润模拟加速腐蚀试验,对比研究了高强耐大气腐蚀钢Q450NQR1和普碳钢Q345qD的加速腐蚀性能,并用XRD对锈层的相组成进行了分析.结果表明:在试验条件下,Q450NQR1的腐蚀失重量和失重速率明显低于普通碳钢Q345qD.Q450NQR1表面锈层主要由保护性较好的α-FeOOH相组成,该锈层为基体提供了良好而稳定的保护作用.     

VN合金化对20MnSiV钢筋钢组织的影响

对比研究了VN合金化和Fe-V合金化的20MnSiV钢筋钢的显微组织和钒析出物。结果表明：用VN合金化的20MnSiV钢筋钢的铁素体量较多,珠光体量较少;钒析出物的量明显较多。顶计用vN合金生产的20MnSiV钢筋钢将具有较高的屈服强度和较低的冲击转变温度。     

钒氮微合金化提高高强乙字钢的低温冲击韧性

介绍了YQ450NQR1高强耐候310乙字钢化学成分的设计思想,V-N微合金化,有效地提高了乙字钢的低温冲击韧性,通过成分优化、金相组织控制、强化工艺措施,生产出初验合格率达到96%的乙字钢产品;分析了V-N微合金作用机理和珠光体相面积比率对乙字钢低温冲击韧性波动的影响及采取的对策.     

卷取温度对钒微合金化耐候钢力学性能的影响

 在实验室制备了钒微合金化高强耐候钢,通过拉伸试验、冲击试验、扫描电镜、透射电镜对试验钢的组织结构、力学性能以及第二相粒子析出行为进行了研究,分析了不同卷取温度对耐候钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：随着卷取温度的降低,试验钢在550℃获得最佳力学性能,晶粒尺寸细小,细晶强化效果明显,但是钒的析出数量减少,析出强化作用减弱。试验钢在550℃卷取时组织为铁素体、珠光体以及部分针状铁素体,针状铁素体组织以及细晶强化共同作用不但弥补了该卷取温度下析出强化的不足,而且使得试验钢的力学性能有了明显提高。     

钒对耐火钢显微组织及高温性能的影响

 通常采用控轧控冷方式生产耐火钢Mo-Nb复合合金化。采用电子显微镜、相分析和三维原子探针等方法,研究了不同热轧工艺条件下钒对含钒耐火钢的室温和600 ℃拉伸性能的影响,探讨了微观组织与力学性能之间的关系。结果表明,添加钒后能形成细小弥散分布的析出物,配合控制贝氏体比例后能有效地提高室温和高温力学性能;钒在热轧态耐火钢中主要固溶于先共析铁素体内,再加热至600 ℃时热轧态被“隐藏”的钒存在明显的析出,进一步提高了含钒耐火钢的高温性能。     

Precipitation and fine structure in medium-carbon vanadium and vanadium/niobium microalloyed steels

Hot-rolled and continuously cooled, medium-carbon microalloyed steels containing 0.2 or 0.4 pct C with vanadium (0.15 pct) or vanadium (0.15 pct) plus niobium (0.04 pct) additions were investigated with light and transmission electron microscopy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope was conducted on precipitates of the 0.4 pct C steel with vanadium and niobium additions. The vanadium steels contained fine interphase precipitates within ferrite, pearlite nodules devoid of interphase precipitates, and fine ferritic transformation twins. The vanadium plus niobium steels contained large Nb-rich precipitates, precipitates which formed in cellular arrays on deformed austenite substructure and contained about equal amounts of niobium and vanadium, and V-rich interphase precipitates. Transformation twins in the ferrite and interphase precipitates in the pearlitic ferrite were not observed in either of the steels containing both microalloying elements. Consistent with the effect of higher C concentrations on driving the microalloying precipitation reactions, substructure precipitation was much more frequently observed in the 0.4C-V-Nb steel than in the 0.2C-V-Nb steel, both in the ferritic and pearlitic regions of the microstructure. Also, superposition of interphase and substructure precipitation was more frequently observed in the high-C-V-Nb steel than in the similar low-C steel.     

Effect of Microalloying Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Steel

Low carbon steels are characterized by good weldability,formability and fracture toughness properties.However,the low strength levels of these steel grades limit their wide applications.On the other hand,increasing the strength by increasing the carbon content and alloying elements deteriorates the other properties.In this study,the microalloying technique was used to examine the possibility of attaining low carbon steels with good combination of strength,ductility and impact properties.A low carbon steel microalloyed with single addition of vanadium and another one microalloyed with combined addition of vanadium and titanium were used in this investigation and their properties were compared with non-microalloyed low carbon steel having the same base composition.Furthermore,other two nonmicroalloyed and V-microalloyed steels with higher carbon,silicon and manganese contents were also investigated to reveal the effect of base composition.Tensile,hardness,room and zero temperature Charpy V-notch impact tests were conducted to evaluate the variations in the mechanical properties of low carbon hot forged steel containing vanadium and combinations of vanadium and titanium.In addition,the microstructures of the different investigated steels were observed using both optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.Furthermore,the hardness of the ferrite phase was also determined using micro-hardness technique.The results showed improvement of the mechanical properties of the investigated steels by both single V-and combined V + Ti-microadditions.Tensile,hardness and impact tests results indicated that good combinations of strength,ductility and impact properties can be achieved by V-microalloying addition.Steel with combination of V and Ti microaddition has much higher hardness,yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and impact energy at both room and zero temperatures compared with non-microalloyed and single Vmicroalloyed steels.Higher C,Si and Mn contents result in increasing the strength accompanied with decrea     

Annealing Response of Cold-Rolled Vanadium Microalloyed Sheet Steels

Vanadium microalloying is widely employed in hot-rolled HSLA products;because of its relatively high solubility in austenite,vanadium plays a special role in thin-slab cast hot-rolled products where reheating is limited prior to direct-rolling.In cold-rolled and annealed sheet steels,vanadium technology has been employed in bake-hardenable drawing-quality steels,and in HSLA products.Recent studies have investigated the continuous and batch annealing response of vanadium-containing cold-rolled HSLA steels,with an emphasis on aluminum and nitrogen variations (because of the special importance of nitrogen in vanadium microallyed steels,and interesting interactions between vanadium,aluminum and nitrogen).The present contribution reviews some key aspects of vanadium-microalloyed coldrolled sheet steels,and highlights the results of selected studies showing the influence of steel composition and processing.     

针状铁素体对含铌HRB400钢筋屈服行为的影响

对比研究成分为20MnSiV和16MnVNb的HRB400钢筋的屈服行为,在同一轧制工艺条件下,与含钒钢筋相比,含铌钢筋应力-应变曲线没有明显的屈服平台。对试验钢的化学成分、显微硬度进行测试分析,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对试验钢的微观组织进行观察。结果表明,20MnSiV试验钢组织主要为铁素体＋珠光体组织,16MnVNb的组织为等轴状铁素体＋珠光体＋针状铁素体,其中针状铁素体周围珠光体退化明显。针状铁素体的显微硬度介于珠光体与铁素体之间,其内部存在高密度位错。针状铁素体组织的大量存在是导致含铌HRB400钢筋无屈服平台的原因。     

中碳钢相变行为对高温力学特性影响的研究

 采用DT1000热膨胀仪和Gleeble1500热模拟试验机,对含钒和不含钒的两种中碳钢的相变行为以及在相变过程中屈服强度和弹性模量的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明：随温度降低及奥氏体向低温相转变百分数的增加,钢的屈服应力急剧提高。含钒钢因相变开始温度低,其屈服应力快速增加的温度较低。弹性模量在相变时产生剧烈变化,并在铁素体＋珠光体转变过程中出现波峰和波谷。     

中国含钒低、微合金化钢的开发与前景

介绍了钒在低、微合金化钢中的作用以及钒微合金化钢的重点产品;回顾了中国低、微合金化钢的开发情况;阐述了中国开发含钒微合金化钢的前景。     

A review of the development and application of microalloyed medium carbon steels

Microalloyed medium-carbon steels with ferrite-pearlite microstructure were developed in the FRG in early 1972, with the primary aim of saving the cost of heat treatment. A steel with roughly 0.47% C, 0.75% Mn, 0.060% S and 0.1 % V was first used for crankshafts in cars manufactured by one of the largest European automobile companies. The effect of microalloying elements such as vanadium and niobium (niobium instead of columbium is used in this paper) in these steels and their dependence on the cooling rate from drop-forging temperatures is reviewed. Although niobium is more effective than vanadium, it leads to problems while manufacturing these steels with ~0.47% C, due to the high solution temperature of the niobium precipitates, so that preference has been given to vanadium. Further development work carried out to improve the ductility of these steels is reported. Steel compositions, which could make these steels applicable for various automobile and other engineering components, are presented.     

Low carbon manganese steels microalloyed with vanadium and nitrogen

With the objective of studying the effect of vanadium and nitrogen microalloying on microstructure and strength of low carbon steels with different manganese contents, three series of low carbon steels (0.1% C) with manganese content (between 0.8 and 3.5%), vanadium content (up to 0.17%) and nitrogen content (up to 0.025%) have been designed and investigated in the hot forging condition using a preheating and finish forging temperatures of 1200 and 950°C, respectively. Steels with a manganese content up to 2.3% revealed ferrite-pearlite structures, whereas higher manganese contents from 2.7 to 3.5% resulted in the formation of bainitic structures. A pronounced effect of manganese on the mechanical properties of steels was detected at lower manganese contents < 1.5%, due to solid solution and grain refining effects, and higher manganese contents > 2.3, due to bainite formation. Manganese content in the range of 1.5-2.3% had less pronounced effect due to solely solid solution hardening. Vanadium microalloying effectively increased the strength of steels through solely precipitation strengthening or both precipitation strengthening and grain refining effect. The effectiveness of vanadium was greatly enhanced by increasing the nitrogen content. The grain refinement of vanadium-nitrogen microalloying seems to be due to inhibition of austenite grain growth as a result of precipitation of vanadium nitride in austenite during forging. Precipitation strengthening of these steels is achieved by precipitation of vanadium carbide and nitride in ferrite or bainite. Nitrogen enhanced the precipitation strengthening of vanadium microalloyed steels which could be attributed to the finer vanadium nitride dispersion precipitates compared with vanadium carbide. Up to 70% of the total nitrogen content of steel precipitates as vanadium nitride which could be achieved with V/N ratio of about 6-7. Microalloying of low carbon-manganese steels (0.1% C and 1.8% Mn) with 0.15% vanadium and 0.025% nitrogen was found to be effective in attaining high levels of yield and ultimate tensile strengths of 835 and 940 N/mm², respectively in the forging condition.     

微钛处理对钒微合金钢组织与力学性能的影响

在承钢1780热连轧生产线上,轧制了钒微合金钢及钒钛复合微合金化钢,研究了微钛处理对钒微合金化钢微观组织与力学性能的影响.试验结果表明,钒微合金钢经微钛处理后生成了少量TiN析出物,其数量较少,晶粒细化效果有限;由于钛与氮的优先结合,减少了与钒结合的氮含量,降低了钒的析出量,导致微钛处理的钒微合金钢抗拉强度降低约54 ...