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在英国新近举行的有关克一雅氏病(疯牛病在人体中的变异型)的调查中,科学家发现,受这种退化性脑病影响的人可能多达4000人。其中一些人可能已通过输血和手术器械的感染,将这种疾病传播开来,因而还可能传播几十年。病理学家们检查了12500个手术中切除的扁桃腺和阑尾标本,结果在三个标本中查出3个能导致疯牛病的朊蛋白。按照这一比率推算,全英国会有大约3800人携带这种致命的蛋白。另有权威人士认为,朊蛋白的实际携带者要比人们想像的还要多。 相似文献
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卫生部关于执行禁止进口和销售发生疯牛病国家牛肉食品公告中有关问题的补充通知 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国食品卫生杂志》2001,13(4):59-62
卫生部文件卫法监发 [2 0 0 1]10 1号各省、自治区、直辖市卫生厅局 :为防止疯牛病传入我国 ,卫生部和国家出入境检验检疫局已于 3月 2 7日联合发布公告 ,禁止进口和销售发生疯牛病国家的牛肉食品 ,现就卫生行政部门在公告执行中的有关问题补充通知如下 :一、自公告之日起 ,禁止进口和销售来自发生疯牛病国家的具体产品为 :牛的脑、脊髓、眼、牛肉、牛骨、牛内脏、牛胎盘及其用上述原料加工制成的食品 ,包括牛肉汉堡、牛排、牛肉罐头、牛肉香肠、牛肉松、明胶、氨基酸等 ,但乳及乳制品不在禁止范围。二、目前已发生疯牛病的国家有 :英国、爱… 相似文献
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疯牛病正由英国向欧盟各国蔓延,至今已有86名英国人和2名法国人死于疯牛病引起的人类新型克雅氏病。德国政府决定出资3.62亿德国马克,急宰40万头牛;西班牙内阁决定,回收并销毁4000吨牛肉和牛肉骨粉饲料;意大利政府决定拨款3000亿里拉(约合1.46亿美元),成立紧急基金会,以应付因疯牛病危机而出现的问题。加拿大、阿曼、泰国、科威特等国,在进口动物中都发现疯牛病。日本政府去冬今春,已先后公布发现3例疯牛病病牛。联合国粮农组织(FAO)发表声明,呼吁世界各国都要注意预防疯牛病的蔓延。中国政府已向全… 相似文献
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HACCP在冷却牛肉生产中的应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
冷却牛肉是指在严格执行同步检疫制度下屠宰的牛胴体,迅速进行冷却处理,在-2~2℃条件下,按要求放置3~7d,并在以后的分割、剔骨、包装及流通等一系列过程中,始终控制肉温在此范围,既保证微生物的安全稳定性,又经历解僵熟化过程的生鲜分割牛肉。随着社会的发展,消费者对饮食的要求也越来越高,提供安全、卫生又具备良好风味的冷却肉已经成为必然。目前在发达国家的肉食品市场上已很难见到热鲜肉和冷冻肉。如何跟上世界食品发展潮流,提供安全、卫生、营养的食品是摆在我们每一个食品工作者面前的重大课题,在冷却牛肉课题研究过程中,我们采用了一个更为先进的食品安全管理体系--HACCP体系。 相似文献
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由于l2月下旬美国华盛顿郊区发现一头疯牛,此消息使美国生皮销售受到打击,卖方和买方均在心理上产生了不同程度地恐慌。有关方面的专家估计,在牛肉及相关产品的销售上,美国将有200多亿美元的损失。疯牛病又叫克雅氏症,食了疯牛内的人极有可能感染疯牛病,且该病在人体中潜伏期较长,全球已有近150人因感染疯牛病而死亡。所幸目前在美国仅发现一头疯牛并已做处理,但也有传说除肠及内脏作了专门处理外,食内部分可能已经制成牛肉制品进入市场。由于信息反应及时并采取了相关措施, 相似文献
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一种检测肉品的新型通用单引物多重PCR技术 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在市场中,牛、羊肉中掺杂价格便宜的猪肉,以次充好的欺骗行为屡见不鲜,而且近些年来出现疯牛病、禽流感等疾病,肉品的种属鉴定变得至关重要。随着分子生物学的深入研究,多重PCR技术得到了飞快的发展,但是其扩增效率和检测限达不到理想要求。为寻找快速、灵敏、特异的检测生肉品种的方法,在普通多重PCR的基础上发展了一种新的通用单引物多重PCR(CSP-M-PCR)技术,该方法的体系中,所有目的片段共用一样的上游引物进行扩增,检测限可达5μmol/L。此方法不仅弥补了普通多重PCR扩增效率较低、检测限不理想的缺点,还提高了检测的灵敏度、降低了检测的成本。 相似文献
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In the absence of reliable live animal tests for the presence of BSE in cattle, a number of measures have been applied to exclude specified risk materials (SRM) from the human food chain. However, concerns remain that current practices in the stunning and slaughter of cattle may disseminate central nervous system (CNS) tissue to meat and meat contact surfaces. The objective of this study was to establish the particular risks of CNS tissue dissemination associated with captive bolt stunning and carcass splitting. The study applied enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in the detection and quantification of two CNS proteins, syntaxin 1b and GFAP. The study observed extensive dispersal of both CNS proteins onto equipment, beef hide and personnel. These results demonstrate that despite the rigorous application of current SRM control policies, normal slaughter practices continue to present significant opportunities for CNS material including BSE prion present in the CNS of any sub-clinically infected cattle to contaminate meat entering the human food chain. 相似文献
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Tomás Arredondo Erwin Oñate Rocío Santander Gerda Tomic José R. Silva Elizabeth Sánchez Cristian A. Acevedo 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2014,7(11):3217-3225
Cattle with age under 30 months (UTM) are usually slaughtered for human consumption to be not associated of the disease called mad cow. Though the age of the animal can generally be estimated by dentition, this method cannot be applied to a piece of meat from which the teeth have been removed. Since volatile organic compounds have been used to analyze food samples, this technique was used to recognize meat obtained from cattle aged over 30 months (OTM). The monitoring of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by UTM and OTM beef were done by using gas chromatography. A dataset with more than 500 chromatograms (each one with 17 VOCs fully identified) from fresh meat, refrigerated meat and vacuum-packaged meat was used to develop a classifier by using neural networks. Neural networks were trained with backpropagation, and then further optimized by using meta-learners. Optimal configuration of the neural networks allowed discriminating between beef obtained from OTM or UTM cattle with accuracy close to 90 %. Results contrast favorably with more traditional statistical methods such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA), partial least square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), and support vector machines (SVM). In conclusion, VOCs can be used as a fingerprint to recognize OTM beef from a pool of meat obtained indistinctly from fresh meat, refrigerated, or vacuum-packaged meat. 相似文献
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M.S. BREWER 《Journal of Muscle Foods》1999,10(1):97-117
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal brain disease of cattle which is presumed to have originated from feeding meat and bone meal (MBM) manufactured from rendered scrapie-infected sheep. More than 170,000 cases of BSE have been identified in UK cattle since it was specifically diagnosed in 1986. Most are in dairy herds. This paper reviews the background of the disease, changes in rendering in the United Kingdom which appear to have led to the development of BSE in cattle, characteristics of the disease, the disease-causing agent (prions), related prion diseases in other species, the impact of genetics on prion disease, prion strains, species barriers to transmission, risk of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease to humans, inactivating prion infectivity, and tallow and gelatin production and safety. Efforts at controlling the disease in the United Kingdom and preventing the disease in the United States are also discussed. 相似文献
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微生物源肉类食品安全的现状分析及检测技术 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
高频率的肉类食品安全突发事件是近年来肉类食品安全问题的一个显著特点,如猪链球菌病、疯牛病、口蹄疫、亚硝酸盐、大肠杆菌、禽流感、瘦肉精、苏丹红等事件的发生,使肉类食品安全性成为社会关注的焦点,并对肉品行业提出了严峻考验和更多的挑战。在各种肉类食品安全事件中,微生物性中毒则是影响肉类食品安全的重要因素,主要包括的食源性致病菌(沙门氏茵、李斯特氏菌、大肠杆菌)和各种病毒(禽流感、猪流感)引起的肉类食品的中毒事件。本文对当前爆发频率比较高、影响比较大的微生物引起的肉类食品的现状进行了详细的分析,并根据实际情况寻找出先进的检测技术。为提高肉类食品的安全水平,积极推进肉类行业信用体系建设,实现肉类行业的健康可持续发展提供依据。 相似文献
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了解苏州地区肉及其制品的掺假情况,通过对肉类种源与标签明示肉源进行比对,鉴别摻假食品,为加强食品标签管理提供依据。方法 运用自建的动物源性食品种源判定Taqman实时荧光PCR检测体系对苏州地区的肉及其制品进行种源判定,与标签明示肉源进行比对,鉴别摻假食品。结果 本次调查共检验涉及32个生产单位的90份样品,总不符合率为25.6%(23/90)。检测的44份牛肉及其制品中有12份与标签不符,8份用猪肉部分替代牛肉,1份以鸭肉部分代替牛肉进行销售;此外有3份不含有牛肉成分,存在猪、鸡、鸭源性肉类之外的肉类成分。共检测羊肉及其制品16份,有2份用鸭肉代替羊肉出售,3份羊肉样品中掺入了部分猪成分,其中1份样品还存在单个样品掺杂两种外源肉类的现象(猪源性和鸭源性)。检测猪肉及其制品19份,其中2份样品含有标签未注明的鸡肉成分。在所检测的11份混合肉类样品中有4份成分与标签不符,主要是以廉价的鸡肉取代/部分取代相对高价的牛肉和猪肉。结论 肉制品掺假情况明显,用猪肉、鸭肉部分代替牛肉和羊肉仍是主要的掺假手段,牛肉掺假样品主要是熟制牛肉制品,而火锅食用羊肉卷样品则是羊肉掺假高危品,开展肉制品摻假检测对规范肉制品市场具有积极意义。此外,3份未知种源成分的牛肉样品提示在现有检测基础上还需扩大检测范围,防患于未然。 相似文献
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疯牛病又称牛海绵状脑病(bovine spongiform encephacitis,BSE),是由朊病毒蛋白引起的海绵状脑组织病变,其主要特征是缓慢地破坏哺乳动物中枢神经系统。由于疯牛病与人类新克雅氏病有关,同时其爆发会带人类来巨大的危害,所以加强对疯牛病病原体的研究和防控体系的建设有着极其重要的意义。本文介绍了疯牛病病原体的研究进展,并对我国的防控体系进行了综述。 相似文献
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顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析单增李斯特菌污染冷藏牛肉的挥发性物质 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为快速检测新鲜肉制品被单增李斯特菌污染的程度,运用顶空固相微萃取技术(head space solid-phasemicroextraction,HS-SPME)对不同污染程度单增李斯特菌的冷藏牛肉所产生的挥发性物质进行分析,确定固相微萃取法分析单增李斯特菌污染牛肉产生挥发性物质测定的条件。结果表明,单核增生李斯特菌污染牛肉产生出的挥发性物质主要有苯甲醛、十六烷、2,5-辛烷二酮、二叔丁基对甲酚、十六醛等。通过利用该方法的敏感、快速、样品用量少,操作简单、不用溶剂等优势,实现冷藏肉食品安全的在线检测需要。 相似文献
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Mark T. Muldoon Dale V. Onisk Michael C. Brown & James W. Stave 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2004,39(8):851-861
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or ‘mad cow disease’, is one of several transmissable spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) known to affect certain mammals and is spread through the ingestion of infected animal tissue. It is believed that the inadvertent contamination of meat and bone meal (MBM) with infected animal tissue and the subsequent use of this material as a feed supplement contributed to the spread of the disease in cattle. As a result, the use of processed animal proteins (PAPs) in animal feeds is regulated in many parts of the world. Although feed testing is the only definitive means to certify compliance, regulatory compliance often relies solely on paper certification. Recently, rapid methods have become available that can be used by regulators to determine compliance during routine inspections. We describe a rapid, immunochromatographic strip test that can detect 0.1% MBM in animal feed. The test takes 15 min to perform and large numbers of samples can be screened for PAPs simultaneously. 相似文献